Monerans:Monerans:BacteriaBacteriaFriend or FoeFriend or Foe

ProkaryotesProkaryotes Bacteria = ProkaryotesBacteria = Prokaryotes Discovered when Robert Hooke and Anton Discovered when Robert Hooke and Anton

van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope Bacteria are the smallest living organismBacteria are the smallest living organism Unicellular and lack nucleusUnicellular and lack nucleus

Classifying Classifying ProkaryotesProkaryotes

2 Different Groups:2 Different Groups:– EubacteriaEubacteria

Great varietyGreat variety Live almost anywhere (land, water, & in humans)Live almost anywhere (land, water, & in humans) Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)

– ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria Chemically different because lack peptidoglycanChemically different because lack peptidoglycan DNA more like that of eukaryotesDNA more like that of eukaryotes Live in harsh environments (no oxygen, very Live in harsh environments (no oxygen, very

salty, & high temperatures)salty, & high temperatures)

Identifying Identifying ProkaryotesProkaryotes

Identified by Identified by ShapeShape, , Chemicals in Cell Chemicals in Cell WallsWalls, , Way they MoveWay they Move, & , & Obtaining Obtaining EnergyEnergy

Shapes:Shapes:– Bacilli = Bacilli = Rod ShapedRod Shaped– Cocci = Cocci = Spherical ShapedSpherical Shaped– Spirilla = Spirilla = Spiral & Cork-screwSpiral & Cork-screw

Obtaining EnergyObtaining Energy Heterotrophs Heterotrophs

– ChemoChemoheterotrophsheterotrophs = take in organic = take in organic moleculesmolecules

– PhotoPhotoheterotrophsheterotrophs = photosynthetic (use = photosynthetic (use sunlight) & need organic molecules for energysunlight) & need organic molecules for energy

AutotrophsAutotrophs– ChemoChemoautotrophsautotrophs = make organic molecules = make organic molecules

from carbon dioxidefrom carbon dioxide– PhotoPhotoautotrophsautotrophs = use light energy and water = use light energy and water

to carbon compounds and oxygen (like plants)to carbon compounds and oxygen (like plants)

Living ConditionsLiving Conditions Obligate AerobesObligate Aerobes = need oxygen to = need oxygen to

livelive

Obligate AnaerobesObligate Anaerobes = needs no = needs no oxygenoxygen

Falcultative AnaerobesFalcultative Anaerobes = can live = can live with or without oxygenwith or without oxygen

ReproductionReproduction Binary fissionBinary fission = cell grows to double = cell grows to double

its size, DNA copied, and then splitsits size, DNA copied, and then splits

ConjugationConjugation = DNA exchanged by = DNA exchanged by bridge that forms and passes on genesbridge that forms and passes on genes

EndosporesEndospores = spores formed when in = spores formed when in bad conditions to live. Spores are bad conditions to live. Spores are dormant, then awaken when good dormant, then awaken when good conditionsconditions

Bad Bacteria Bad Bacteria Pathogens = disease causing Pathogens = disease causing (i.e. (i.e. E. E.

coli coli ))

Good BacteriaGood Bacteria Vaccines Vaccines = preparation of weak pathogen= preparation of weak pathogen AntibioticsAntibiotics = block the regrowth and = block the regrowth and

reproduction of pathogensreproduction of pathogens Decomposers Decomposers = help the ecosystem = help the ecosystem

recycle nutrientsrecycle nutrients Human UsesHuman Uses::

– Clean oil spills because some digest petroleumClean oil spills because some digest petroleum– Purifying water by removing waste productsPurifying water by removing waste products– Making vitaminsMaking vitamins– Foods & Drinks to help Human Body digestionFoods & Drinks to help Human Body digestion

Bacteria Bacteria Shakes!!!!Shakes!!!!

Probiotic Kefir MilkProbiotic Kefir Milk L. caseiL. casei L. acidophilesL. acidophiles L. plantarumL. plantarum L. rhamnosusL. rhamnosus S. diacetylactisS. diacetylactis S. florentinusS. florentinus B. bacterium longumB. bacterium longum Leuconostoc Leuconostoc

cremoriscremoris B. bacterium breveB. bacterium breve

Lowfat MilkLowfat Milk Ice CreamIce Cream Whey ProteinWhey Protein StrawberriesStrawberries IceIce