mongolia: ulaanbaatar urban services and ger areas ... · 3 executive summary the feasibility...

Initial Environmental Examination December 2016

Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program—Tranche 2

Prepared by the Municipality of Ulaanbaatar for the Asian Development Bank.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (2 December 2016)

Currency Unit – Tugrik (MNT) MNT 1.00 = $0.00040

$1.00 = MNT2,468

ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank

CEMP - contractor environmental management plan CWWTP - central wastewater treatment plant

EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environment management plan EMR - environmental monitoring report GOM - Government of Mongolia GRM - grievance redress mechanism

IEE - initial environment examination MET - Ministry of Environment and Tourism MFF - Multitranche financing facility MUB - Municipality of Ulaanbaatar PMO - project management office

PPTA - project preparatory technical assistance REA - rapid environmental assessment

RP - resettlement plan SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) SRA - Subcentre Redevelopment Authority

USIP - Ulaanbaatar Services Improvement Project USUG - Ulaanbaatar Water and Sewerage Authority

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

km2 square kilometer kg - kilogram ha - hectare m3 - cubic meter mg - milligram

mg/l - milligrams per litre t - metric tonne

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

http://www.adb.org/terms-use

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The feasibility design of Tranche II (Project 2) of the Multi-tranche Financing Facility (MFF) established for the Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program (GADIP) has been prepared. Project 2 follows the ongoing implementation of Project 1 which is comprised of the suburban developments in the ger district subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu located north and northwest of the city centre of Ulaanbaatar. The Components of Project 2 are essentially the same as Components of Project 1 but will also occur in other ger areas. The targeted ger subcentres of the feasibility design of Project 2 are Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa with some supplementary activities in the Tranche 1 subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu. Project 2 Summary The Components of Project 2 in the four Ger District subcentres are summarized below. The subcomponents are from the latest engineering update (10/10/16)1 of the feasibility design of Project 2 which supplement the Feasibility Design Report (28/8/16)2

Denjiin 1000, Dambadarjaa, Selbe, & Bayankhoshuu Subcentres

Component Sub-component3

Infrastructure and Services Improvement

Roads and Drainage Water and Sanitation Heating Trunk Lines & District Heating

Facilities Drainage and Flood Control Power and Communications

Social Facility Development4

Community Development Social Centers

Kindergartens Transitional Housing Sports Facilities Parks

Improved Service Provider Efficiency Upgrades to Water Supply Network Upgrades to Wastewater Network

Capacity Building & Training Support to implementing agencies

1 Dohwa et al., 10/10/16. Updated Components of Project 2 from Subcentre Assessment and Development Plan, 60

pgs 2 Dohwa et al. 28/8/2016. Ulaanbaatar Urban Services & Ger Areas Development Investment Program. Draft Final

Feasibility Study for Project 2, 109 pgs + 22 Appendices. 3 Detailed of Tranche 2 subcomponents updated from Categorization Form. 4 Type of social facilities updated from facilities identified in Tranche 2 Categorization Form

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Potential Impacts Project 2 in all four subcentres is Category B for environment. The examination of Project 2 Components indicates that potential environmental impacts are largely restricted to the short-term disturbances and impacts arising from construction phase of the different project subcomponents. Construction-related disturbances such as noise, dust, soil erosion, surface water sedimentation, solid and liquid waste pollution, worker camp disturbances, reduced local access, increased traffic and risk of worker and public injury will vary amongst the subcomponents but can be managed with standard construction best practices and guidelines (e.g., IFC/World Bank Environment, Health, & Safety Guidelines 2007). Some manageable issues with the construction phase of Project 2 are summarized as follows. Safe and sustainable water supply Households and some businesses of all ger areas rely on obtaining drinking water from nearby kiosks which is transported to the home primarily by children on foot. During construction phase it is critical that this daily domestic activity is not disrupted or interfered. Moreover, children must be able to walk safely and freely near the construction sites while transporting the daily/weekly supply of water. Pedestrian routes must be protected with barriers between construction sites and walkways, or temporary protected routes created. Denjiin 1000 Cemetery Extra care will be taken to place physical barriers between the excavation and civil works activities and the cemetery wall when the construction of western end of new Ring Road which will extend northeast from near the boundary of the closed cemetery situated just west of Denjiin 1000, along with the parallel placement of new water & sewerage pipelines, and communication lines in the same alignment will be implemented. No heavy equipment or trucks should be parked at or near the cemetery wall, on no access to cemetery grounds must be allowed. Full dust control within 200m from the cemetery wall will be achieved. Dambadarjaa Monastery Extra care to minimize dust and noise near the Monastery will be managed to avoid short-term disturbances and impacts caused by the construction of roads, utility lines, and new social buildings in the vicinity of the Monastery. Access to and from the Monastery, and normal activity within the Monastery must not be disrupted. New Heating Plants The three new coal-fired heating plants to be built in Denjiin 1000 (32 MW), Selbe (48 MW) and Bayankhoshuu (32.5 MW) will represent the three largest single point sources of industrial construction disturbance. The disturbances will arise from the different types of civil works and mechanical construction activities required to build the 3 new plants. Movement of equipment and construction materials vehicles will occur steadily to/from the site. A separate impact mitigation sub-plan in the EMP (& CEMP) will be developed for the heating plants which will highlight plant specific construction activities and scheduling. The high efficiency Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) boilers that are planned for the three heating plants are expected meet the current national and international emission standards (SOx NOX, PM) for small boilers by design.

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Flood control measures The flood control measures in the subcentres will be primarily construction of new tertiary drainage ditches connecting to the existing natural drainage network which can cause soil erosion and dust. Of particular importance is to ensure the existing drainage network, to which the new tertiary network will connect, is not flooded with silt and sediment from the upstream excavation and earthworks activities. Thus, the tertiary drainage ditch works should not be conducted during rainy periods, and ditch sites should be surrounded by silt berms and traps to keep the down-drainage areas clear. Batch concrete and asphalt plants. Best practice methods must be conducted to manage the creation, operation, and decommissioning of all batch plants. The contractor under supervision of MUB must follow international guidelines stipulated by the World Bank (IFC) EHS Guidelines for 1) Cement & Lime Manufacturing, 2) Construction Material Extraction; and 3) Retail Petroleum Networks. The recent USEPA (2014) Code of practice Concrete batch processing can also be consulted. Operation Phase Operation of the expanded roads network could potential cause increased vehicle accidents, and increased GHG production. The former can be addressed with enforced, clearly marked speed limits. Increased GHG production from increased vehicle traffic can be managed with reduced speed limits, and legislated requirements for vehicles to be good working condition. Following completion of new roads the local subcentre and Khorool municipal governments should budget and monitor traffic and traffic accidents to determine if traffic and the incidence of traffic accidents increases. Operational issues of the new water supply and sewerage networks concern potential failure of pipeline lines leading to leakage or mass spills. A regular inspection and maintenance program must be developed and administered by USUG for the new water supply and sewerage network to ensure sustainability of the networks.

Similarly, potential operational issues of the new heating supply network concern failure and rupture of a pipeline at, or between the 20+ line substations in the two subcentres. A regular inspection and maintenance program should be developed, budgeted, and administered by the Ulaanbaatar Heating Supply Network Company.

. All five new heating pants require formal maintenance programs. The stack emission quality of the heating plants should be monitored. Conclusions and Recommendations. The IEE concludes that the description of the feasibility design of the Project 2 subcomponents in Dambadarjaa, and Denjiin 1000, along with the supplementary heating plants in Selbe and Bayankhoshuu combined with available information on the affected environments is sufficient to identify the scope of potential environmental impacts of Project 2. Providing that significant changes do not occur to the design of one or more of Project 2 subcomponents, and that new sensitive environmental or social receptor data are not discovered, Project 2 will remain Category B for environment and will not require further detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA).

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The EMP developed for Project 2 provides impact mitigation plans, environmental monitoring plans, and specify the institutional responsibilities and capacity needs for the environmental management of Project 2. The EMP will be updated at the detailed design phase to ensure that EMP fully addresses the potential impacts of the final Project 2 subcomponent designs.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3

I. INTRODUCTION 11

A. Background to IEE 11 A. Status of Project I 12 B. Summary of Project 2 12 C. Assessment Context 12 D. Structure of report 13

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 14

A. Environmental Impact Assessment 14 B. Legal Framework for Environmental Protection 15 C. ADB Safeguard Policy 20

III. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 2 21

A. Infrastructure and Services Improvement 21 B. Social Facility Development 42 C. Improved Service Provider 51 D. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Development 53

IV. DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 55

A. Physical Environment 55 B. Ecological Resources 69 C. Socioeconomic Profile 70 D. Features of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres 73 E. Summary of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu subcentres 76

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 76

A. Identification of Stakeholders 76 B. Procedure of Consultation 77 C. Discussion guide 77 D. Results of Public Consultation in Dambadarjaa 78 E. Results of Public Consultation in Denjiin 1000 82

VI. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS 86

A. Benefits to Denjiin 1000, Dambadarjaa, Selbe, and Bayankhoshuu Subcentres 86 B. Component Impacts and Mitigations 87 C. Linked Facilities 93 D. Induced and Cumulative Impacts 93 E. Climate Change 94

VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 95

VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 96

A. Information Disclosure 96 B. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 97

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 100

A. Introduction 100 B. Overview of Project 2 100 C. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities 101 D. Summary of Potential Impacts 105

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E. Public Consultation 107 F. Mitigation Plan 107 G. Monitoring Plan 124

X. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY & TRAINING NEEDS 130

XI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 131

A. Project Risks and Assurances 131

APPENDIX A: NATIONAL STANDARDS RELEVANT TO PROJECT 2 134

APPENDIX B: WATER QUALITY OF TUUL AND SELBE RIVERS IN ULAANBAATAR 138

APPENDIX C: GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT WELLS IN PROJECT 2 SUBCENTRES 139

APPENDIX D: MONGOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS 140

APPENDIX E: RESULTS OF IBAT ANALYSIS OF PROJECT 2 AREA 144

APPENDIX F: TABLE OF CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT 147

Table 1. Summary of Project 2 for subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa .....................12 Table 2. Summary of laws applicable to Project 2. ....................................................................15 Table 3. Relevant international conventions to which Mongolia is signatory ..............................20 Table 4. Road components of Denjiin 1000 ...............................................................................22 Table 5. Road development* in Dambadarjaa ...........................................................................23 Table 6. Summary water supply in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa...........................................24 Table 7. Water supply components of Denjiin 1000 ..................................................................26 Table 8. Water supply components of Dambadarjaa .................................................................28 Table 9. Sewerage components of Dambadarjaa ......................................................................28 Table 10. Heating Plant and distribution Network of Denjiin 1000 .............................................30 Table 11. Heating plant and distribution network of Dambadarjaa .............................................31 Table 12. Heating system of Bayankhoshuu .............................................................................32 Table 13. Heating system of Selbe ............................................................................................33 Table 14. Mongolian and IFC/EHS boiler emission standards ...................................................34 Table 15. Summary comparison of boiler technologies .............................................................35 Table 16. Telecommunication cable network of Denjiin 1000 ....................................................38 Table 17. Telecommunication cable network of Dambadarjaa ..................................................40 Table 18. Existing social facilities in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres ......................42 Table 19. Socio-Economic facilities of Project 2 .........................................................................42 Table 20. Improvements to services of Project 2 ........................................................................51 Table 21. Summary of key roles and responsibilities .................................................................53 Table 22. Major sources of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar Area ....................................................56 Table 23. Air quality in city centre and outlying districts of Ulaanbaatar ....................................57 Table 24. National and international ambient air quality standards ............................................58 Table 25. National and international groundwater quality standards ..........................................62 Table 26. Water quality in Selbe river at boundary of Dambadarjaa ..........................................63 Table 27. Mongolia surface water quality standards ..................................................................65 Table 28. EPA Surface water quality criteria .............................................................................65 Table 29. Heavy metal concentrations (mg/l) in Soil, 2003-2007 *.............................................67 Table 30. Soil quality in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa ...........................................................67 Table 31. Canadian soil quality standards .................................................................................68 Table 32. Ambient noise in Ulaanbaatar (dB) ............................................................................68 Table 33. Population and density in Denjiin 1000 ......................................................................70

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Table 34. Population and density in Dambadarjaa ....................................................................70 Table 35. Poverty in Denjiin 1000 ..............................................................................................71 Table 36. Poverty in Dambadarjaa ............................................................................................72 Table 37. Environmental components to guide discussions. .....................................................77 Table 38. Guiding Questions and Information Requests for Stakeholder Consultations ............78 Table 39. Summary of concerns and issues of stakeholders in Dambadarjaa ...........................79 Table 40. Participants of Dambadarjaa .....................................................................................81 Table 41. Summary of concerns and issues of stakeholders in Denjiin 1000 ............................83 Table 42. Participants of Denjiin 1000 .......................................................................................84 Table 43. Mean, monthly & annual average air temperature, 1940-2008 (oC) ...........................94 Table 44. Total annual rainfall, Ulaanbaatar, 2000-2010 ...........................................................94 Table 45. Summary of Project 2 subcomponents .................................................................... 101 Table 46. Responsible implementing agencies of EMP (updated from Tranche 1) .................. 103 Table 47. Responsible persons of Project 2 ............................................................................ 104 Table 48. Summary of potential impacts of Project 2............................................................... 105 Table 49. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...................................................................... 108 Table 50. Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................ 125 Table 51. Performance Monitoring Indicators for Project 2 ...................................................... 128 Table 52. Estimated costs for EMP ......................................................................................... 129 Figure 1. Location of subcentres of Project 1 and 2 of GADIP. ..................................................11 Figure 2. Road development* in Denjiin 1000 ............................................................................22 Figure 3. Road development in Dambadarjaa ...........................................................................23 Figure 4. Water and sewage lines in single trench along roads ..................................................25 Figure 5. Water supply network for Denjiin 1000 .......................................................................26 Figure 6. Sewerage network for Denjiin 1000 ............................................................................27 Figure 7. Water supply network for Dambadarjaa .....................................................................28 Figure 8. Sewerage network form Dambadarjaa .......................................................................29 Figure 9. Heating plant (large box) & substation network (small boxes) in Denjiin 1000 ............31 Figure 10. Heating plant (HP2), & substations (small boxes) in Dambadarjaa ...........................31 Figure 11. Heating Plant 2 and network (blue) in Bayankhoshuu ..............................................32 Figure 12. Heating plant 2 in Selbe ...........................................................................................33 Figure 13. Electricity supply network of Denjiin 1000 ................................................................37 Figure 14. Telecommunication network of Denjiin 1000 ............................................................38 Figure 15. Electricity supply network of Dambadarjaa ...............................................................39 Figure 16. Telecommunication network of Dambadarjaa ...........................................................40 Figure 17. Flood protection in Denjiin 1000 ................................................................................41 Figure 18. Flood protection in Dambadarjaa ..............................................................................41 Figure 19. Location of social facilities in Denjiin 1000 & Dambadarjaa .......................................44 Figure 20. Plan view of a CDSC. ................................................................................................46 Figure 21. Concept plan of public toilet ......................................................................................47 Figure 22. Example plan of transitional house for Denjiin 1000 ...................................................48 Figure 23. Plan view of Kindergartens in subcentres. .................................................................48 Figure 24. Location of kindergartens in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa ....................................49 Figure 25. Denjiin 1000 park located between residential areas .................................................50 Figure 26. Ravine improvement and park in Bayankhoshuu......................................................50 Figure 27. Plan view of conceptual Sport Centres ......................................................................51 Figure 28. Air quality sampling sites in Denjiin 1000 .................................................................59 Figure 29. Air quality sampling sites at Dambadarjaa ................................................................59 Figure 30. Monthly average SO2 levels in the subcentres from Feb 2015 .................................60 Figure 31. Suspended particulate (PM2.5) levels in 4 ger areas .................................................61

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Figure 32. Employment in Denjiin 1000 .....................................................................................72 Figure 33. Employment in Dambadarjaa ....................................................................................73 Figure 34. Ger areas in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres .........................................74 Figure 35. Public consultations in Dambadarjaa ........................................................................82 Figure 36. Public consultations in Denjiin 1000 .........................................................................85 Figure 37. Project 1 and 2 Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................99

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background to IEE 1. Tranche 2 (Project 2) of the Multi-tranche Financing Facility (MFF) established for the Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program (GADIP) has been prepared. Project 2 follows the ongoing implementation of the suburban developments in the Ger District subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu of Tranche 1 (Project 1). The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Project 1 is reported under separate cover5. 2. The primary Ger subcentres of Project 2 are Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa which are near the subcentres of Project 1 at geographic coordinates of 47o56’30.6”N, 106o53’59.3”E, and 47o58’ 47.9”N, 106o56’14”E, respectively. Supplementary activities in the nearby Project 1 subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu will also occur.

Figure 1. Location of subcentres of Project 1 and 2 of GADIP6.

5 2013, Initial Environmental Examination of Urban Service and Ger Areas development Investment Program (MFF,

Project 1), 114 pgs + 8 Annexes. 6 Tranche 2 will install a heating plant in Bayankhoshuu subcentre to supplement Tranche 1 component.

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A. Status of Project I

3. The detailed design of Project I was completed in October 2016. Subcomponents of Project 1 are being implemented such as the wastewater trunk lines in Bayankhoshuu subcentre. Outstanding issues with the T1-EMP stemmed from the 1st Environmental Monitoring Report which indicated uncertainty with the water supply, sewerage, road and heating system subcomponents of T1. These issues have been resolved. B. Summary of Project 2

4. The urban development components of Project 2 are similar to the components of Project 1 which are summarized in Table 1 from the and engineering updates of Project 2 Components (26/9/16)7 which supplements the Feasibility Design of Tranche 28.

Table 1. Summary of Project 2 for subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa



Infrastructure and Services Improvement

Roads and Drainage Water and Sanitation Heating Trunk Lines & District Heating

facilities Drainage and Flood Control Power and Communications

Social Facility Development10

Community Development Social Centers

Kindergartens Transitional Housing Sports Facilities Parks

Improved Service Provider Efficiency11 Upgrades to Water Supply Network Upgrades to Wastewater Network

Capacity Building & Training Support to implementing agencies

C. Assessment Context

5. Similar to Project 1, Project 2 is category B for environment pursuant to ADB’s 2009 Safeguard Policy Statement12 and recent good practice sourcebook.13 A category B project will 7 Footnote #1 8 Footnote #2 9 Tranche 2 subcomponents updated from Categorization Form. 10 Type of social facilities expanded from facilities identified in Tranche 2 Categorization Form 11 Subcomponents will be implemented as part of “Infrastructure and Services Improvement” Component 12 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila. 13 ADB. 2012. Environmental Safeguards, A Good Practice Sourcebook, Draft. Manila.

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have potential adverse impacts that are less adverse than those of a Category A project, are site-specific, largely reversible, and can be mitigated with an environmental management plan (EMP).14 Project 2 required that a detailed EIA (DEIA) be prepared pursuant to the requirements of the MET and the Mongolian Law for EIA. The DEIA will be approved by MET in December, 2016. Impact Footprints 6. Similar to Project 1, the impact footprints of suburban development in the Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres of Project 2 already exist which were established as the Ger areas were developed over the last few decades. The impact footprints stem from the construction of the traditional Ger and more modern houses, outbuildings, garages, the network of access roads, and from the various business activities that have been developed throughout the Ger areas. 7. The impacts of the planned component developments of Project 2 (Table 1) in the two subcentres will be largely construction-phase related. With careful implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Project 2 the potential environmental impacts of the Component developments will be marginal to the past development impacts on the affected Ger areas, and restricted to construction-related to disturbances. 8. The IEE was prepared for the feasibility design of the Component developments using available data and information on sensitive ecological and cultural receptors that exist for the two subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa. Detailed designs of the subcentre components will follow Project 2 approval. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that has been prepared for the subcentre developments will be updated where necessary to meet the final detailed designs of the Component developments. D. Structure of report

9. The report on the IEE follows closely the format of an EIA in Annex 1, Appendix 1 of the SPS (2009) as dictated by EARF15 prepared for the Multi-tranche Financing Facility. The IEE was conducted and results presented by individual subcentre. Common environments and assessment results are presented together in order to minimize redundancy. The report structure is consistent with and supports the single EMP that has been prepared for the component developments of the two subcentres, and which is developed from the results of the IEE. 10. The extensive background information on the development of the Ger Areas Development investment Program provided in the IEE for Tranche 1 was excluded here. Given the similarity of the Component developments and affected environments of Projects 1 and 2, the focus of the IEE reported herein is on the marginal impacts of the Component developments on the main project 2 subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa, and the supplemental subcomponents in Selbe and Bayankhoshuu.

14 Footnote 13, pg 19. 15 2013 (Updated 2016). Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) prepared for the MFF for the

Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program.

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II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Impact Assessment

11. Environmental impact assessment in Mongolia is guided by the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (2012) which is administered by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). The EIA protocol for all project interventions is two tiered defined by a general EIA (GEIA) - initial screening, or a full detailed EIA (DEIA). 12. The initial step in the EIA process is the project owner submitting an application to the MET for a GEIA to be conducted on the proposed project by the MET. The initial application is comprised of the following main information components: i) detailed baseline description of the affected environment; ii) detailed description of the proposed project including drawings; and iii) technical and economic justification for the project. The possible outcomes of the GEIA are:

(i) project may be implemented without conducting a detailed environmental impact assessment (DEIA);

(ii) project may be implemented without conducting a detailed environmental impact assessment (DEIA), but with specific conditions and/or impact mitigation measures;

(iii) project requires a further DEIA; or

(iv) project rejected on grounds of non-conformity with relevant legislation, or the adverse impact of the equipment and technology on the environment are too great, or absence of the project in the land management.

13. The Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB) who is the owner of the Ger Areas Development investment Program submitted an application for the requisite GEIA. The outcome of the GEIA was the requirement of a DEIA of Project 2. The DEIA of project 2 was completed, and submitted to MET for review and approval. 14. A DEIA report is comprised of the following chapters:

(i) Environmental baseline data; (ii) Project and technology alternatives; (iii) Recommended measures to mitigate and eliminate potential; adverse impacts; (iv) Analysis of the extent and distribution of adverse impacts and consequences; (v) Risks assessment; (vi) Environmental management plan to include environmental protection (mitigation) plan

and environmental monitoring program; (vii) Opinions and comments of affected households in the project area; (viii) If applicable other issues regarding cultural heritage in the project area and special

nature of the project; and (ix) If applicable a rehabilitation plan.

15. While the DEIA is a required safeguard document for the government, the document is also helpful to the IEE and environmental safeguards required of the SPS (2009). In particular are the original site-specific environmental baseline information, and analysis of socio-cultural impacts of a project that the DEIA provides. This information is both needed and provides

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important local context to the IEE. B. Legal Framework for Environmental Protection

16. The Government of Mongolia has established specific laws and environmental standards for the protection of the environment, resources, and protected areas, and for pollution management. The relevant elements of the legal framework for Project 2 are summarized in Table 2. The relevant environmental and technical standards for Project 2 are in Appendix A. These standards will be used together with the IFC EHS standards. When applicable the more stringent standards will be applied. Both standards are presented in Chapter IV.

Table 2. Summary of laws applicable to Project 2.

Summary of National Law

Relevant Chapter

1. Law on the Development Policy Planning

Convene public consultation with the affected communities on the scope and impacts of policies, strategies and programs.

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2. Law on Legal Status of the Capital City

Any entities and organizations in the capital city regardless of the type of ownership will be liable for: (i) Comply with administrative directives by the municipality and other

legislations and keep informed their employees; (ii) Provide support to the implementation of the capital city specific programs

by the municipality; (iii) Operations and maintenance of private properties (land, buildings etc.) and

the surrounding public amenities will comply with requirements and standards.

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3. Law on Water

Protection of water resources 22

Protection of water resources from pollution: Dismiss water use rights of entities in case of excessive discharge of waste water or non-compliance with applicable standards

24

The Government will establish fees for water pollution and depletion of water resources

25

Conditions for termination of the water use contracts 29

Obligations of water users 30

Water use fees and tariffs 31

4. Law on Fees for Water Pollution

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Relevant Chapter

Determination and registration of water polluters 4

Subject for water pollution fees 5

Exemptions and discounts from water pollution fees 8

Operations of urban water supply and sewerage network 9

Tasks and compositions of the Regulatory Commissions for Water Supply and Sewerage Network

9

Technical specifications for the operations of urban water supply and sewerage networks

11

Special permits and licenses 12

Contracts 13

Obligations of the service providers

The service provider will not be allowed to impede consumers rights without legal basis and reject applications for the technical specifications

14

Users rights and obligations 15

Conditions for suspension of water supply and sewerage services 16

Protection zone for sewerage line and it is not allowed to construct facilities and utilities within 6 meters from sewerage line.

17

The technical requirements for locations of wastewater treatment plants 18

5. Law on Land

Transfer of the land title 39

The land leaser will release land on the expiration of land possession certificate 41

The public land owner will pay compensation for premature termination of the land lease agreement

43

Use of land for special and public purposes 46

Use of third party land for temporary and transit uses 48

The requirements for proper use of land 50

Public health requirements for land use 51

Proper use and protection of urban land 56

Compensation for land damage 61

6. Law on Re-Development of Urban Settlements

The re-development of urban settlements will comply with the requirements and principles set forth in the Paragraph 4.1 of the Law on Urban Planning.

5

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Relevant Chapter

The top priority is to represent interests of the residents.

Types of re-development activities will include 12.1.3 re-development of ger areas land

12

Regarding planning of the ger areas 17

Rights and obligations of the developers 23

Tripartite agreement will be made between the land possessor, developer and respective administrative unit Governors

24

The land title will be transferred to the developer in accordance with terms and conditions of the tripartite agreement

25

7. Law on Land Privatization

Rights and obligations of the land owner 27

Termination of the land ownership rights 31

Re-possession of the land right by the state 32

Conditions for the servitude 33

Confiscation of the land 35

Conditions for resettlement 37

8. Law on Land Fees

Determination of the Land Use Fee payers 3

The Subjects to Land Fees 4

Exemptions from land fees 8

Liabilities of land fee payers 12

9. Law on Environmental Protection

Rights and obligation of citizen with regard to environmental protection 4

Immunity of natural resources 6

Protection of environment from pollution 21

Rights and obligations of entities and organizations 31

Compensation for damage to environment 49, 57

10. Law on Soil Protection and Preventing Desertification

Soils protection measures 6

Compensation for damages to soil 9

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Relevant Chapter

11. Law on Environmental Impact Assessment

Detailed EIA 8

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 9

Obligations of program and project proponents 14

Rights and obligations of the licensed EIA entity 15

Financing institutions will refrain from supporting project with adverse environmental and public health impacts

17

Public consultation process in EIA 18

Compensation for damages from non-compliance with EIA and EMP 20

12. Law on Air

Rights and obligations of individuals and organizations 9

Air quality data 12

Principles and measures to reduce air pollution 13

Critical zone to improve air quality 15

List of prohibited activities in the critical zone 16

Air emissions 20

Technical requirements for construction works to protect air quality 21

13. Law on Fees for Air Pollution

Registration of air polluters 4

Physical factors to determine air polluters fee 6

Fees 7

Exemptions and discounts of fees 8

14. Law on Construction

Permits for construction 7

Technical requirements for design, construction materials and civil works 11,12, 13

Requirements for construction sites 16

Servitude in accordance with civil code and other applicable legislations 17

The client for construction projects will not be entitled to modify the original 37

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Relevant Chapter

design without prior consent of the author

15. Law on Wildlife

Protect wildlife 6

Compensation for damage to wildlife 37

16. Law on Plant Protection

Obligations of individuals and organizations on plant protection 13

Plant quarantine 14

17. Law on Protection of Cultural Heritage

Registration and database on cultural heritage 21

Any activities related to mining, agriculture and construction of infrastructure are prohibited in historical sites.

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18. Law on Work and Health Safety

Work safety requirements for construction and production sites 7

Safety requirements for work equipment and tools 9

Fire safety requirements 13

Obligations of the employers with regard to work safety and public health 28

Response to industrial disaster and employment injuries 29

State compliance inspections 33

19. Law on Fire Safety

Rights and obligations of individuals on fire safety 16

General requirements for fire safety 19

Technical requirements for fire control equipment 23

20. Law on Solid Waste

General rights and obligations of citizen and entities with regard to solid waste 9

Disposal of solid wastes 11

Collection and transportation of solid wastes 12

21. Law on Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals

Basic requirements for handling of toxic and hazardous chemicals 13

Risk assessment 17

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Relevant Chapter

22. Law on Sanitation

Sanitary requirements to environment 4

Sanitary requirements to urban planning and construction 5

Sanitary requirement to work place 6

17. Mongolia is signatory to many international environmental treaties and conventions which provide a comprehensive legal framework related to environmental management. Table 3 outlines these conventions.

Table 3. Relevant international conventions to which Mongolia is signatory16

International Convention / Protocol Year of Party

World Heritage Convention 1990 (a)

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1993 (r)

Kyoto Protocol 1999 (a)

Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 (r)

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 1996 (r)

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1996 (a)

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer 1996 (a)

Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora (CITES)

1996 (a)

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of the Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

1997 (a)

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance 1998 (e)

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade

2001 (r)

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2004 (r) (a) accession; (e) entry into force; (r) ratification. C. ADB Safeguard Policy

18. The ADB safeguard policy statement (ADB 2009) along with the recent Good Practice Safeguard Sourcebook clarify the rationale, scope and content of an environmental assessment and supported by technical guidelines (e.g., Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003). 16 From IEE of Project 1.

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Projects are initially screened to determine the level of assessment that is required according to the following three environmental categories (A, B, or C). 19. Category A is assigned to projects that normally cause significant or major environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented such as hydroelectric dams (an Environmental Impact Assessment is required). Category B projects have potential adverse impacts that are less adverse than those of category A, are site-specific, largely reversible, and for which mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects (an Initial Environmental Examination is required). Category C projects are likely to have minimal or no negative environmental impacts. An environmental assessment for Category C projects is not required but environmental implications need to be reviewed. As indicated above Project 2 of the Ger Areas Development Investment Program is category B for environment. The structure of the required IEE follows Annex 1 of Appendix 1 of the SPS (2009). 20. The SPS (2009) requires a stakeholder consultation strategy be developed that embodies the principles of meaningful engagement, transparency, participation, and inclusiveness to ensure that affected and marginalized groups such as women and the poor were given equal opportunities to participate in the design of the project. To support stakeholder engagement a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is required for project 2. The GRM will ensure that any issues or concerns of all potentially affected persons can easily be heard by the authorities.

III. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 2

21. The descriptions of the Components and Subcomponents of Project 2 provided below (Table 1) are taken from the supplemental (10/10/16) engineering update17 of the Feasibility Design18 of Project 2. A. Infrastructure and Services Improvement

1. New roads

22. The major roads connecting Ger areas to the city core have been improved over the past 15 years, however, insufficient local access roads within the Ger areas still exist. Unplanned dirt pathways provide limited access to most khashaas which are often unusable during wet or sub-zero conditions. Ger area roads or tracks also serve as uncontrolled drainage courses often running alongside or leading to natural water courses with resultant pollution impacts. Ger area mobility is chronically restricted with residents facing higher transport and commuting costs compared to urban core counterparts. The proposed road developments in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa are described below and shown in Figures 2 and 3.

Denjiin 1000 23. The road network of Denjiin 1000 has been developed to comply with the road network of the Gobi Travel masterplan for the area immediately north of Denjiin 1000 subcentre, and includes a segment of the planned larger Ring Road for the area from the Ulaanbaatar Master 17 Footnote #1 18 Footnote #2

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Plan (UBMP 2030). A 1.2 km, 20m wide section of the Ring Road will cross the middle of Denjiin 1000. This north-south segment of the Ring Road has a very important role in the Subcentre because it provides a shortcut to connect Khailaast Street to Dalan Davkhar Cemetery Street. A bridge is needed to cross a small ephemeral stream in Denjiin 1000. 24. DENJ-4 and 5 roads which will extend 0.86 km and be 11.6m wide (3.5m two carriage ways) will connect the Meat Market to the main Doloon Buudal street forming the east-west main connection of the boundary line. DENJ-11, 2 and 3 roads which are 0.90 km and 11.6m wide will act as secondary main connections from Doloon Buudal street to north of Khailaast. DENJ-1 road provides a shorter connection between Khailaast Street and Narantuul 2 Market. The DENJ-1 road will be widened to 11.6m and made of stone pavement from the current 6m width. DENJ-6, 10 and 12 lines are not included in Project 2 components due to high resettlement costs. The road plan for Denjjin 1000 is summarized in Table 4 and shown in Figure 2.

Table 4. Road components of Denjiin 1000

Ring Road 1.3 km, 20m width (orange line in Figure 2) Road 2.09 km, 11.6m width (dark blue lines in Figure 2) Bridge 1 Length 30m, width 20m Bridge 2 Length 10.6m, width 11.6m

Figure 2. Road development* in Denjiin 1000

* New Ring Road denoted in orange. Other new roads denoted in dark blue

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Dambadarjaa 25. Road development in Dambadarjaa subcentre for Project 2 forms part of the Forumart masterplan (2016) for the area. A total of 3.69 km of roads (Table 5) will be constructed in Dambadarjaa along with 1 bridge (Figure 3). Dambadarjaa is located on flat topography which includes the Selbe river on the western side of subcentre. The western area occasionally floods from intensive rainfall events during the summer. The Monastery and Forest Park are located on the east side of subcentre and need to be protected. The road plan is considered to provide balanced access to the residential blocks, the monastery and forest park, as well as the connection road to the northern summer house area. The new roads are not adjacent to the walls of the Monastery. The road is 11.6m wide, and 6.0m wide along Selbe river. The 80m length bridge will provide a connection to Doloon Buudal Street. All roads will have street lighting and drainage system. A bridge is needed to cross the Selbe river between Selbe and Dambadarjaa.

Table 5. Road development* in Dambadarjaa

Road 2.75 km, 11.6m width (dark blue lines in Figure 3) 0.94 km, 6m width

Bridge Length 80m, 20m width

Figure 3. Road development in Dambadarjaa

* New roads denoted in dark blue lines

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2. Water Supply and Sewerage

26. The objective of this component is to improve water supply and sanitation services to the residents of the Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres and neighboring communities. Currently, almost all residents are not connected to the central water supply system and must carry water to their homes from water kiosks and trucks. There is no centralized sewerage system so most Ger residences still use pit latrines which cause local soil and surface water contamination in the increasingly dense Ger areas. There are public and private facilities that use septic tanks for disposal of waste water.

a. Existing water supply

27. A groundwater based supply network provides drinking water to Denjiin 1000, and Dambadarjaa from Khailaast reservoir (1500 m3) and from the new Dambadarjaa reservoir (1000 m3), respectively. However, to assure sustainable water supplies in both subcentres in conjunction with water supply development for Selbe and Bayankhoshuu subcentres of T1 two new reservoirs located near the television radio tower (TRT) will be constructed by the MoC which will also supply water to Denjiin 1000 in the future. Currently the majority of residents and businesses obtain water for their consumption from 19 and 16 water distribution kiosks in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa respectively. Water consumption in the Ger areas remains as low as 10 litre / capita / day. There are public and private facilities that use deep wells for water supply. New reservoirs will incorporate protective buffer arears to protect the resources. Table 6 summarizes the existing water supply situation in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa.

Table 6. Summary water supply in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

Target Sub Center Population Dec, 2015

Number of Kiosks No. of residents Per kiosk

Denjiin 1000 7,130 19 375 Dambadarjaa 2,158 16 134

b. Existing Sanitation

28. Approximately sixty percent of Ulaanbaatar (approx. 800,000 persons) live in the ger Districts. Almost all the ger residents rely on basic pit latrines constructed within the khashaa which have an average depth of 3 meter which are unlined, or l ined with wood. These latrines are generally poorly built and maintained and may not prevent the spread of fecal matter into the soil thereby contaminating both surface and groundwater. 29. A few households have invested in an internal piped water supply and sewerage system. Water is collected in bulk and stored in a heated room and distributed to kitchens and washrooms through internal plumbing. The discharged waste water is kept under the house at a depth that prevents freezing. This system works well and is attractive but the cost is high and not affordable by most Ger area residents. Vacuum tankers owned by USUG or private operators empty septic tanks of the public institutions and residents in Ger areas on contractual basis and discharge their wastes at 9 designated disposal points. When the sewerage pipe lines are completed in Project 2, the outlet of existing septic tanks currently being operated will be connected to the new sewerage lines.

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30. Domestic hot water will be supplied from the heating plants through the heating exchanger system in heating substations. The main heating and hot water distribution networks are installed along the new road and the individual consumers can pay to install their own connection to hot water lines as well as install their own home hot water and heating receiver. 31. The current situation with water supply and sanitation in the subcentres will continue to contribute to public health problems and environmental degradation stemming from soil and water contamination. Public consultation and surveys of the affected communities indicate that improved health and living conditions are t h e top priority for residents in the subcentres.

a. Improvements to water supply and sewerage

32. The specific objectives of the subcomponents are:

(i) Enable public institutions, business enterprises and residents to connect to, or improve upon current water supplies and sewerage;

(ii) Attract housing developers and commercial enterprises to invest in the territory of the subcentres; and.

(iii) To increase land value to improve housing conditions. 33. Water and sewer pipes will be laid along the newly constructed roads and sidewalks to minimize resettlement impacts and disturbance (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Water and sewage lines in single trench along roads

3. Water supply and sewerage in Denjiin 1000

34. The source for water supply in Denjiin 1000 is the existing Khailaast water reservoir with capacity of 1,500 cubic meters and wastewater will be discharged to the main collector located in eastbound of the sub center. The current Khailaast reservoir is under operations of USUG and intended to supply water to the neighboring water supply kiosks. The planned water supply

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network has a length of 5.6 km (Table 7) which is shown in Figure 5, (dark blue lines). The existing water supply lines are scattered along the unpaved pathways and they supply limited facilities from Khailaast water reservoir. The new water network will be connected to the existing lines. The population density in target year 2030 is assumed to be 200 person/ha and the daily maximum water consumption per day is estimated at 7,962 m3. Essential services for the successful operation of Project 2 include water supply. During the site assessment and selection the responsible government persons from the respective District/Khoroos confirmed that these services are available, and will be operated in accordance with the national laws and regulations. 35. A 5.2 km sewerage network is planned with the main sewerage collector line of Denjiin 1000. The D150 – 500 mm line runs along Doloon Buudal street toward the summer house area north of Ulaanbaatar (Figure 6, purple lines).

Table 7. Water supply components of Denjiin 1000

DN 150 to 300mm, Steel wire reinforced thermoplastic composite pipe(SRTP) and Steep pipe(SP) 5.6 km

Measuring point(flow & pressure) 2

Figure 5. Water supply network for Denjiin 1000

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Figure 6. Sewerage network for Denjiin 1000

4. Water supply and sewerage - Dambadarjaa

36. Currently, 86% of the population and 66% of business in the Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcenters obtain water for their domestic and sanitary needs from water kiosks from 10 AM to 8 PM. Water consumption in 2030 is estimated as 8,125 m3/day in Dambadarjaa. To fill up the required quantity, the water reservoirs are planned; a reservoirs with 1,000 m3 in Project 1, and Tolgoit reservoir 1,000 m3 for Project 2. The water supply will be used with two ways-direct city supply line and water reservoir supply line. Current kiosk use is meant to be eventually replaced by piped water supply.

37. A 3.5 km network is planned. The Dari-akh pump station supplies the existing 11 water kiosks in the subcentre. The initial supply will be connected directly to the existing network with the future water network supplied by a new Dambadarjaa water reservoir (1,000 m3) to be constructed 1.2 km north of Dambadarjaa as described in the program of Tranche 1. Water supply for the “Dambadarjaa sports complex” will be from a well which is drilled next to the sports complex building which is near the Selbe river. The District Committees for Sports and Physical Culture will operate and maintain the swimming pool. Groundwater water quality will be treated to meet activity hygiene requirements through an adequate water treatment system such as filtering, and chlorination as per MNS 900:2005.

38. The city water supply from new water reservoir will be considered after MUB makes an overall plan to supply the Belkh area. Only the new water supply pipeline for Project 2 is itemized in Table 8 and shown in Figure 7 (purple lines).

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Table 8. Water supply components of Dambadarjaa

DN 150 to 200mm, Steel wire reinforced thermoplastic composite pipe(SRTP) and Steep pipe(SP) 3.5 km

Measuring point(flow & pressure) 3 Well Point (Q=50m3/day) 1

Figure 7. Water supply network for Dambadarjaa

39. Construction of the main 300m sewerage collector along Selbe River started as part of in Tranche 1 in 2016 which will be extended to Dambadarjaa subcentre. The internal collecting sewer pipe will be connected to the main line. The total length of Project 2 sewerage pipe is itemized in Table 9 along with the D300 main from Selbe. Figure 8 shows the Project 2 sewerage lines in Dambadarjaa (purple lines).

Table 9. Sewerage components of Dambadarjaa

DN 150 to 300mm, Ductile Iron Pipe(DIP) 4.0 km External Sewerage Collector main, DN 300 0.6 km

Septic Tank (Q=50m3/day) 1

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Figure 8. Sewerage network form Dambadarjaa

5. Heating

Current Situation 40. The city heating system of UB is divided into two parts: i) the CBD and newly developed southern part of Ulaanbaatar, where the topography is gentle compared to the northern ger area, are supplied by the central heating distribution network; and ii) ger area scattered in the northern area of UB city where 60% of UB population reside and high elevations compared to the CBD has many restrictions that should be supplied by the central heating system. Ger areas rely on small “heat only” low-pressure boilers plants for public and institutional facilities and residential heating is run by coal/wood-fired stoves which contribute to severe air pollution that affects the entire city. 41. The central heating system in UB was rehabilitated and extended by MUB over the last 3 years. In order to provide the increasing demand and increase the supply network system, MUB invested approximately 280 billion Tugriks (US$140 million) for the new heating plant and rehabilitation of equipment of the existing heating plants as well as extension of existing heating distribution network.

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42. Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa are located respectively, 1.9km and 9.3km from the central heating line on land that is higher than the location of central heating plant. To extend the heating pipes to the remote northern ger areas of UB city more financial investment and technical solutions are required. Even though the existing central heating plants have increased their capacities, and extend the heating supply line in the downtown area, it is still not enough to supply the subcenters in T2. 43. The capacity of the heating supply plan of Project 2 considers the total population of both subcentres which consists of >11,000 and > 5,800 people of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres, respectively. However, the timeline for phasing out the existing single khashaa home coal stoves over service from the central heating trunk lines is unclear at this time. The immediate goal of the heating trunk lines of Project 2 [and Project 1] is not to provide connections to individual khashaa households. Rather, to service future densified households through, for example private sector housing development, such as the parallel AHURP (ADB TA 9030). Tertiary connections to the existing low density 500m2 khashaas households from the future Ger Areas Development Investment Program trunk lines would be prohibitively expensive. 44. The heating pipe network design of Project 2 will be the same as with Project 1. The heating pipe network of Project 1 consists of steel pipes with urethane foam insulation. The water temperature in the pipes will be 120 Co. No pipe erosion will occur.

Denjiin 1000

45. Denjiin 1000 is located at 1,330 – 1,370 msl and belongs to Khailaast master plan. The master plan has its own heating distribution network and heating demands. Denjiin 1000 is partially included in the master plan, so the heating plant of whole area has been influenced by the Master Planning Agency in MUB which recommends small size Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) type boilers for Denjiin 1000 to mitigate the environmental emissions. A 32 MW coal boiler heating plant is planned for Denjiin 1000. Figure 9 shows the required heating plant and supply network of Project 2 in Denjiin 1000 which is summarized in Table 10. Dambadarjaa 46. The 18 MW heating requirement of Dambadarjaa will be supplied from a new 48 MW CFBC heating plant in Selbe subcentre which is included in Project 2 as supplementary enhancement of Project 1 (see below). A 3.0 km of pipeline and substations will be constructed which will connect to Dambadarjaa subcentre via a pipeline along the existing bridge across the Selbe river. Figure 10 shows the heating network of Project 2 in Dambadarjaa including the new heating plant in Selbe which is summarized in Table 11.

Table 10. Heating Plant and distribution Network of Denjiin 1000

DN200-300 2.8 km Heating Plant(CFBC boiler) 32MW

Substations 15

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Figure 9. Heating plant (large box) & substation network (small boxes) in Denjiin 1000

Table 11. Heating plant and distribution network of Dambadarjaa

DN200-300 3.2 km Heating Plant (CFBC boiler) Supplied from 48MW Heating Plant in Selbe

Substations 9

Figure 10. Heating plant (HP2), & substations (small boxes) in Dambadarjaa

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Bayankhoshuu

47. To supplement the heating subcomponent of Project 1 (Heating Plant 1), an additional 32.5 MW CFBC heating plant (Heating Plant 2) will be built in Bayankhoshuu subcentre in Project 2 (Figure 11). Shaded areas in Figure 11 depict area of power plant influence. The forecasted development and population growth (UBMP 2030) indicates that Heating Plant 2 is needed. Heating Plant 2 will be constructed as part of Tranche 2. However, the distribution network for Heating Plant 2 will be completed as part of Tranche 1. The areas affected (shaded areas) by the two heating plants in Bayankhoshuu are shown in Figure 11, and itemized in Table 12. The design detail of the infrastructure network for Heating Plant 2 is provided by Tranche 1.

Table 12. Heating system of Bayankhoshuu

Tranche 2 DN350 350m

Substation 1 Heating Plant 2 32.5MW x 1

Tranche 1 (implemented) DN150-350 4.33 km

Substation 16 Heating Plant 1 16.8MW x 1

Figure 11. Heating Plant 2 and network (blue) in Bayankhoshuu19

19 Footnote #1

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Selbe

48. Similar to Bayankhoshuu, a second heating plant (Heating Plant 2) will be constructed in Project 2 to meet the needs of the subcentre, and to meet heating needs of adjacent Dambadarjaa subcentre. Heating Plant 1 is part of Project 1, and distribution network for new Project 2 HOB in Selbe is part of Project 1. The 48 MW heating plant of Project 2 will be constructed with infrastructure network to Dambadarjaa across the Selbe river (Figures 10 & 12). Similar to Figure 11, the areas of influence of the two heating plants in Selbe are shown in Figure 12, and itemized in Table 13.

Table 13. Heating system of Selbe

Tranche 2 Heating Plant 2 48MW x 1

Tranche 1 (implemented) DN150-500 4.4 km

Heating Plant 1 25.2MW x 1 Substation 15

Figure 12. Heating plant 2 in Selbe

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Heating Plant Emissions

49. A major goal of the three tranches of the Ger Areas Development Investment Program is to reduce air pollution by introducing more efficient and less polluting central heating to the ger districts, thereby, stopping the extensive air pollution caused by the 10s of thousands of extremely polluting home coal-fired cooking stoves. Thus, the objective of the heating subcomponent of Project 2 is to reduce air pollution in the subcentre areas with the use of efficient and clean CFBC boiler technology, and to meet the Mongolian and international emission standards for small boilers from MNS 6298:2011 “Maximum permissible level and measuring method of air pollutants in the flue gas of new Thermal Plants for PM, SOx, NOx, and CO emissions” (Table 14). The CFBC technology produces lower CO2 emissions that existing boilers in UB. Based on Project 1 projections, less than 62,000 tCO2e /yr of CO2 should be produced all new Project 2 HOBs combined. To achieve emission specs fabric filter/baghouse, FGD and denitrification equipment operating at 99-99.7% efficiency for PM, 95% efficiency for SO2 and 60-90% efficiency for NOx, will be installed. Based on the estimated combined 62,000 tCO2e /yr of CO2 for Project 1 HOBs, Project 2 should emit less CO2.

Table 14. Mongolian and IFC/EHS boiler emission standards

Indicator Parameter (in mg/Nm3) MNS 6298:2011 (mg/m3) EHS Guidelines *

SO2 400 urban

600 remote areas 2000

NOx 450-1,100

Based on volatile coal 650

PM 50-200 50-150 Dry Gas

Excess O2 content (%)

- 6

CO 180 (population density>10 p/km2 )

300 (population density<10 p/km2 )

-

*- small combustible facilities emission guidelines (3Meth-50MWth) – for boilers using solid fuel MWth- Megawatt thermal Nm3 is at one atmospheric pressure, 0oC. 50. A comparison of boiler technologies in Table 15 from Project 2 Feasibility Design Report20 shows the CFBC boiler to be more environmental friendly in terms of emissions.

20 Footnote 1

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Table 15. Summary comparison of boiler technologies

Boiler technology Chain grate boiler Pulverized coal fired

boiler Circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler

Environmental impact

Cannot comply with MNS6298:2011 standard

Comply with MNS6298:2011 standard

Comply with MNS6298:2011 standard

Investment Low High High Technology feasibility

Most proven technology in Mongolia

Not proven technology in Mongolia

Proven technology in Mongolia

Boiler efficiency 75-80% 88-93% 85-93% Constructability Boiler delivered as

packaged Boiler delivered as packaged

Boiler supplied as a parts and erection should be done at the site, needs more time for construction

Operation Sufficient operation experience

No operation experience

Skilled workers and operators required

Maintenance Sufficient maintenance experience

Skilled maintenance contractor required

Skilled maintenance contractor required

Others Coal preparation plant required in order to provide appropriate fuel to the heating plant

Minimum capacity of the boiler is 4.2MW in the Chinese market

6. Electricity and Telecommunication Development

Current situation 51. The Denjiin 1000 subcentre area main electricity power supply is through 10/0.4kV substations which are connected to the 10kV feeders of Selbe-110/35/10kV 2x25MWa substation. Currently the Selbe substation peak load reached to its installed capacity T1-80%, T2-98%. 52. Power supply options are summarized as follows. Area located close to the existing “Selbe”-110/35/10kV 2x25MWa substation and new “7th Khoroolol” 110/35/10kV 2x40MWa substations and it shows there are potential power sources to provide new electricity loads. The assessment of the existing power supply shows existing Selbe substation operating under its full capacity during peak load period and it is limiting to evacuate and supply new customers. However “7th district” substation is constructed in 2015 and adequate possibility to evacuate power for planned area. As per initial estimation of the power demand, it is necessary to build 10kV distribution stations in center, and two 2x400kWa, eight 2x630kWa, respective double

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circuit 10kV underground cables which connects power sources to the planned distribution station and substations. 53. The Dambadarjaa area main electricity power supply is through 10/0.4kV substations which connected to the 10kV feeders of Selbe-110/35/10kV 2x25MWa substation and “Dornod-2” 110/35/10kV substation. Currently peak loads of substations reached to its installed capacity Selbe: T1-80%, T2-98%, Dornod-2: T1 & T2 – aprox.80%. 54. Power supply options are summarized as follows. Area located closest to existing “Selbe”-110/35/10kV 2x25MWa substation however it is difficult to evacuate power from Selbe substation. As per our planning for Selbe subcentre, the ministry of energy issues technical acceptance to build new 35/10kV 2x25MWa substation which will be supplied from 35kV feeders of new “7th Khoroolol” 110/35/10kV 2x40MWa substations. The Project 2 design team and the MPA are considering two locations for new 35/10kV substations and planning to place north-east of Selbe Subcentre, thus it enable to evacuate power supply to Dambadarjaa Subcentre through 10kV voltage. It is necessary to build 10/0.4kV two 2x400kVa, four 2x630kVa substations and double circuit 10kV power cable underground cable networks which connects power sources to the planned distribution station and substations. Denjiin 1000 Electricity Supply 55. The electricity supply in Denjiin 1000 will be comprised of 3.4 km of 10V cable, 5 km of overhead 35kV lines, and 7 substations. The area located close to the existing substations “Umard”-110/35/10kV 2x40MWa, “Selbe”-110/35/10kV 2x25MWa and new “Radio Televiz” 110/35/10kV 2x40MWa substations show there are potential power sources to provide new electricity loads. The assessment by the Project 2 design team and the MPA of the existing power supply shows the existing Umard substation operating under its full capacity during peak load period and there is limited power to supply for the new customers. However new “7th district” and “Radio Televiz” substations were constructed in 2015, there is an adequate capacity to generate power for newly planned area. The initial assessment considered two power sources one from Radio Televiz 110kV substation and the other come from 7th khorool substation. With this power supply solution “Umard” substation load will be reduced and will be able to supply power to other central business district customers (downtown). As per preliminary estimation of the power demand, it is necessary to build 10kV distribution stations in the center of load, and two 2x400kWa, eight 2x630kWa, and respective double circuit 10kV underground cables which connect power sources to the planned distribution station and substations. The capacity and number of indoor substations will be adjusted considering final city planning information by the MPA. The preliminary electricity power supply shown in Figure 13.

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Figure 13. Electricity supply network of Denjiin 1000

Denjiin 1000 Telecommunications 56. Telecommunication planning in the Denjiin 1000 area for FS for Tranche 2 of Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program has been prepared based on Mongolian construction code of “Regulation for urban planning and construction” CCR 30-01-04 and Mongolian standard of Concepts for information and telecommunication sector of “Reinforced steel concrete manhole for telecommunication” MNS 3966:1987, “Manhole for cables of telephone network and its technical requirement” MNS 5016:2001, “Plastic pipe for telephone channelling and its technical requirement” MNS 5017:2001, “Installation of information and telecommunication network in apartment buildings and its technical requirement” MNS 6581:2016, “Planning of information and telecommunication network in apartment buildings and its technical requirement” MNS 6580:2016 and “Detailed design of telecommunication cable lines” MNS 6305:2012. 57. All of information and telecommunication services includiing telephone, CaTV, data, internet, Wifi, internal and external network, ATM, EFTPOS, E-post, microwave transmission, radio and television will be provided at the area. The facilities of manhole and duct will be planned with 6pcs, 8pcs and 9pcs of plastic pipes at the districts and 4pcs and 6pcs of plastic pipes in the towns. 58. In order to provide the telecommunication services to the planned apartment buildings, schools and kindergartens in the Denjiin 1000 area, it has been planned to connect through manhole and duct with 6-8 pcs of pipes from the existing S-C 01-12 manhole of “Mongolia Telecom Company” in Ulaanbaatar city to Telecommunication office building at the area. At the installed duct, 144 core optical fiber cables will be installed pulling from the existing АТС-35 station to the office building as well as a switch. In order to be connected with the network, the existing S-C 01-12 manhole will be located at the opposite side of the existing road, thus duct and manhole with 8 lanes will be constructed under the road. The distance between the

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manholes will be no more than 120m. The proposed telecommunications network in Denjiin 1000 is shown in Figure 14, and summarized in Table 16.

Figure 14. Telecommunication network of Denjiin 1000

Table 16. Telecommunication cable network of Denjiin 1000

6+0 5.9 km 8+0 1.01km

Dambadarjaa electrical supply 59. The electricity supply in Dambadarjaa will be comprised of 3.7 km of 10V cable, 0.5 km of overhead 110kV lines, and 7 substations. The Dashshoinhor 35kV A and B overhead line goes through the area. As per planning for Selbe subcentre, the ministry of energy issues a technical acceptance to build new 35/10kV 2x25MWa substation in Selbe subcentre area which will be supplied from 35kV feeders of new “7th Khoroolol” 110/35/10kV 2x40MWa substations. Two locations are considered for new 35/10kV substations in Selbe subcentre. The most potential locations is North-East of Selbe subcentre, thus it supplies power to Dambadarjaa subcentre through 10kV voltage as an option. It is necessary to build 10/0.4kV t wo 2x400kVa, f o u r 2x630kVa substations and double circuit 10kV power cable underground cable networks so that the power sources are connected to the planned distribution station and substations. The main power supply source will be Salkhit feeder of Dashchoinhor 35kV substation. If it is required, the other power source could be supplied by new 35/10kV Substation in Selbe subcentre. The preliminary electricity power supply is shown in Figure 15.

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Figure 15. Electricity supply network of Dambadarjaa

Dambadarjaa Telecommunications 60. Telecommunication planning in Denjiin 1000 area for the FS for Tranche 2 of Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program has been prepared based on Mongolian construction code of “Regulation for urban planning and construction” CCR 30-01-04 and Mongolian standard of Concepts for information and telecommunication sector of “Reinforced steel concrete manhole for telecommunication” MNS 3966:1987, “Manhole for cables of telephone network and its technical requirement” MNS 5016:2001, “Plastic pipe for telephone channelling and its technical requirement” MNS 5017:2001, “Installation of information and telecommunication network in apartment buildings and its technical requirement” MNS 6581:2016, “Planning of information and telecommunication network in apartment buildings and its technical requirement” MNS 6580:2016 and “Detailed design of telecommunication cable lines” MNS 6305:2012. 61. All of information and telecommunication services includiing telephone, CaTV, data, internet, Wifi, internal and external network, ATM, EFTPOS, E-post, microwave transmission, radio and television will be provided. The facilities for manhole and duct will be planned with 6pcs, 8pcs and 9pcs of plastic pipes at the districts and 4pcs and 6pcs of plastic pipes in the towns. 62. In order to provide the telecommunication services to the planned apartment buildings, schools and kindergartens in the Dambadarjaa area, it has been planned to connect through manhole and duct with 4-6 pcs of pipes from the existing S-D 03-2-5 manhole of “Mongolia Telecom Company” in Ulaanbaatar city to Telecommunication office building at the area. At the installed duct, 144 core optical fiber cables will be installed from the existing АТС-35 station to the office building, and switch will be built. The distance between the manholes will be no more than 120m. The proposed telecommunications network in Dambadarjaa is shown in Figure 16,

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and summarized in Table 17.

Figure 16. Telecommunication network of Dambadarjaa

Table 17. Telecommunication cable network of Dambadarjaa

4+0 1.6 km 6+0 3.3 km

7. Flood Control and Drainage

Denjiin 1000 63. The creek t h a t runs down from the hilly ger area to Doloon Buudal road is generally dry except d u r i n g occasional summer rains. Abrupt and intensive rainfall causes the flooding in the creek and vicinity including the Meat Market area. The MUB has improved the flood protection along the down part of creek from Doloon Buudal road to 1.5km Narantuul 2 market.

64. Flood protection is designed to enhance the retention of the existing upper creek which is 1.6km from the end of improved section of the creek. Slope erosion into creek will be prevented with concreted slopes, and installation of road drainage will occur to prevent chronic flooding in front of Meat market during heavy rainfall events (Figure 17).

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Figure 17. Flood protection in Denjiin 1000

Dambadarjaa

65. A 4,298 m drainage network along roads will be implemented in Dambadarjaa subcentre. The areas adjacent to the Selbe River, in particular, accumulate significant amounts rain water run-off resulting in flooded roads, Khashaas and other open urban areas impeding mobility, threatening health and causing loss of assets. The drainage investments will address this issue. Figure 18 illustrates the current drainage patterns and proposed drainage and flood control measures for Dambadarjaa.

Figure 18. Flood protection in Dambadarjaa

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B. Social Facility Development

66. In support of the UB Master Plan21 new social facilities in the two subcentres are planned for project 2. Ger areas have lacked sufficient social facilities as a result of the unofficial informal nature of their development. Table 17 summarizes existing social facilities in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres. Table 18 presents a summary of new social facilities in both subcentres proposed in Project 2, and Figure 19 shows the consolidated locations of the new social facilities in each subcentre.

Table 18. Existing social facilities in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres

Projected area’s

name by district/ khoroo

Denjiin 1000 (Chingeltei 11,12,13 khoroos)

Dambadarjaa (Sukhbaatar 16,17,18 khoroo)

11thkhoroo 12thkhoroo 13thkhoroo 16th

khoroo 17th

khoroo 18th

khoroo Number of schools 1 1 2 0 1 1 Number of kindergarten

2 2 4 5 3 3

Non-formal education center

1

Family development centre

1

Aged people centre 1 Nursery hospital 1 Monastery 1

Source: Chingeltei district 11th ,12th,13th and Sukhbaatar district 16th ,17th khoroo statistic. http://www.manaikhoroo.mn

Table 19. Socio-Economic facilities of Project 2

Facility Description

Community Development Service Center (CDSC) 2 buildings 5,000 m2 floor area, 1,000 m2 open area

Denjiin 1000 Market,

3,000 m2 floor area (including 1000m2 transition

house) 500 m2 open area + solar panels

2,000m2 floor area, 500m2 open area *land size 1,970m2

Dambadarjaa,

2,000 m2 floor area, 500 m2 open area + solar panels

2,000m2 floor area, 500m2 open area *land size 1,000m2

“Green” Kindergarten 4 stand-alone, 4,800m2

Denjiin 1000 Market

1,200 m2 floor area + 350 m2 open area

21 Ulaanbaatar 2020 Master Plan and Development Approaches for 2030

http://www.manaikhoroo.mn/

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Facility Description

floor area + 1,400m2 open area Dambadarjaa


Bayankhoshuu


Selbe


Urban Park

3 areas (28,770m2), public toilet 2pc

Denjiin 1000 park green area

3,770 m2 plus 1 public toilets

Bayankhoshuu

ravine park

25,000 m2 + 1 public toilet

Sports Complex

2pc, 4,000m2 floor area + 8,000m2 open area

Bayankhoshuu

3,200 m2 floor area + 2,000 m2 open area (car park & green space)

Dambadarjaa

800 m2 floor area + 6000 m2 open area (ground)

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Figure 19. Location of social facilities in Denjiin 1000 & Dambadarjaa

Denjiin 1000

Dambadarjaa

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General design and utility services

67. The feasibility designs of the new social service and recreational buildings call for 1 or 2 story buildings. The sports facility includes outdoor and indoor facilities which include a pool which may be constructed partially below grade. All buildings will be serviced with electricity & communications, heat, and water and wastewater collection. The domestic solid and liquid waste from the social building will enter the new wastewater collection networks and system of subcentres. Water quality in the new swimming pool will be maintained for recreational use with the same water hygiene system used in the several other swimming pools in UB.

1. Community Development Service Centers

68. The Community Development Service Center (CDSC) will provide economic and social services to residents of the subcentres (Figure 20). The centers will closely work with and coordinate with the respective Khoroo administration and social staff, district educational, social and employment services departments. The CDSC will consist of the following components:

(i) Community Social Services (CSS) Children Day Care Elderly Care Services Counseling Services Family Support Service and Group Activities Community Development Council Office

(ii) Commercial and Business Services (CBS) Training Facilities and Business Incubator Business Development Resource and Advisory Unit Public Service Facilities (laundry, toilets, bath house etc.)

69. The CDSCs will be constructed in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa as multi-purpose facilities. Overall facility management will be the responsibility of central government, and MUB, but devolved to Khoroo level with the potential to devolve further to CDCs. Responsibility for creating, funding and managing the actual programs held in the facility may be a combination of government, NGO, CBO and private sector responsibility. Some of the facilities, such as public laundry, for example, could be run as private businesses. CDSCs will need good and reliable water, sanitation, power and communication infrastructure along with public-transit served road access. Full accessibility by the elderly, very young and disabled is an essential part of the design. Location selection should take all of these criteria into consideration. The building will be approximately 2,000m2 in floor area with a capacity of about 200 users (Figure 20). The CDSCs also present an excellent “green” demonstration opportunity and should be designed with a variety of eco-friendly siting and landscape management, efficient passive energy elements, solar voltaic and water heating equipment, water and waste water conservation and recycling, and even serve as the location for community-based waste recycling programs. All of these initiatives should also be presented as well publicized awareness information to the community promoting the wider use of the technologies.

a. Business Incubators

70. Business Incubator centers have been identified in both subcentres to provide access to start-up facilities including well-serviced, secure workshop or commercial/office space, start-up

46

financial support and additional, practical business training. This can include support developing links to business/trade associations, accessing markets, sourcing raw materials and additional supporting human resource skills, practical budget preparation, business management skills. Business incubator centers will be located in strong potential market locations with good transportation linkages

b. Elder Support Programs

71. Space will be provided for a variety of community or NGO-operated recreation and counseling for the elderly in the ger areas. The CDSCs will be easily accessible from the community, and designed for the mobility needs of the elderly and/or disabled persons.

. c. Health and Wellness Programs

72. Multi-purpose space will be provided for a wide variety of existing and yet to be defined wellness programs run by government, the community, NGOs, etc.

Figure 20. Plan view of a CDSC.

d. Community Meetings

73. The same multi-purpose space may be utilized for any variety of community meetings organized by the Khoroo office, or other development initiatives needing space to promote citizen participation in the affairs of the community.

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e. Market Space

74. Public market space will be provided for the many products created by home - based, informal-sector businesses in the ger areas. Either dedicated indoor/outdoor space, or the same multi-purpose space will provide a venue for this activity, daily, weekly, monthly event as decided by a suggested CBO Market Group that could be created with Khoroo/NGO assistance. Solid waste management is included in T2 design.

f. Public Laundry and Toilet Facilities

75. Toilets and space for laundry washing will be provided at or near the CDSCs with the necessary security and guaranteed access to water, wastewater, power, heating and road access. Other recommended locations include Denjiin 1000 Meat Market, Denjiin 1000 park, Dambadarjaa entrance plaza, and Bayankhoshuu Ravine park. Figure 21 shows plan for a public toilet.

g. Transitional Housing

76. An emergency shelter will be constructed in Denjiin 1000 subcentre (Table 14). Denjiin 1000 is in particular need for transitional house. The modest shelter will be constructed to accommodate primarily 10 women (Figure 22). The shelter will be operated by women. The MUB indicated that the respective district Social Services Division will look after the women, and maintain the facilities. However, this MUB proposal must be ratified by all concerned parties after a business plan and operational guidelines are developed for the facilities.

Figure 21. Concept plan of public toilet

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Figure 22. Example plan of transitional house for Denjiin 1000

2. “Green” Kindergartens

77. Similar to Project 1, four new stand-alone kindergartens (Figures 23 and 24) will be constructed in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres to accommodate 100 children each. Teachers will be recruited from UB-centre or freshly trained. The buildings housing the kindergartens will be located close to major employment centers and education facilities for easy access by parents. The kindergartens will also be designed as “green” kindergartens22 incorporating a variety of energy saving, climate response and environmental friendly features. Figures 23 shows a plan view of a kindergarten, and Figure 24 the locations of the kindergartens.

Figure 23. Plan view of Kindergartens in subcentres.

22 See page 56- 58 of Appendix 2 “ Subcenter development plans” and Annex 1 of FSR

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Source: Green technology center, “Samples and assessment for the educational green building in Mongolia”.2016

Figure 24. Location of kindergartens in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

3. Urban Parks

78. Park space will be constructed in Denjiin 1000 and Bayankhoshuu subcentres (Figures 25 and 26). In Bayankhoshuu subcentre an existing ravine will be developed into a park. The unused ravine will be cleaned of accumulated garbage, and the ravine slopes will be stabilized with slump-resistant material, and a box culvert installed below grade to channel runoff. The ravine will be landscaped to provide a nice place for residents to go and enjoy. The garbage removed from the ravine will be disposed of at either the Narangiin Enger or Ulaanchuluut, landfills located approximately within 15 and 20 km to the west of Bayankhoshuu and Selbe, respectively. The Municipal Agency for Sports and Physical Culture will be in charge of Sports Facilities and Parks as stated in their commitment letter to the Project.

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Figure 25. Denjiin 1000 park located between residential areas

Figure 26. Ravine improvement and park in Bayankhoshuu

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4. Sports Centre

79. Similar to Tranche 1, new sports facilities will be developed in Dambadarjaa and Bayankhoshuu subcentres. Figure 27 provides the conceptual plan view of the sport facilities. The respective District Committee for Sports and Physical Culture will operate and maintain the new sport facilities. The sports centres and all other public facilities such as the open market bazaar will be equipped with the necessary number and size of solid waste bins, all of which will be emptied in a regular disposal program at the existing landfills near Bayankhoshuu and Selbe.

Figure 27. Plan view of conceptual Sport Centres

C. Improved Service Provider

80. Project 2 will continue the Improved Service Providers subcomponents of Project 1. This Component is presented separately here for clarity but the subcomponents will be implemented with the Water Supply and Sewerage subcomponents of the Infrastructure and Services Improvement Component. Thus, the potential environmental impacts or issues with the service provider investments are addressed as part of the Water Supply and Sewerage subcomponents. The activities of improvements to the provision of services are summarized in Table 20.

Table 20. Improvements to services of Project 2

Items Description Assessment/Impact

Land Resettlement Engineering Social

Water Supply

Water reservoir in Tolgoit V= 2 x 500 m3,

Minimum Indirect. Newly planned Tolgoit ger area will be connected to central network

Residents will have access to centralized water supply.

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Items Description Assessment/Impact

Land Resettlement Engineering Social

Rehabilitation of 2.1 km of D150 pipe to D250mm pipeline from Makh Impex to Orchlon horool Apartment town.

Minimum The existing pipeline has constructed in 1966. Direct impact on balanced network supply.

By expansion of its diameter and rehabilitation, water supply in areas surrounding Songinokhairkhan district will be improved.

Rehabilitation of 0.8km of outlet pipeline f rom D500 to D600mm from Tasganii reservoir

Minimum Directly impact to central water supply network in City’s west part, Will indirectly support the balanced water supply in areas surrounding Denjiin 1000 area. High maintenance cost due to overlapped alignment with 10Kv electric grid line.

The strengthened. more reliable water supply line will greatly benefit residents in Denjiin 1000.

4.0 km D900 mm pipeline from northeastern region to reservoir to Tasganii km.

partially affected

Balancing use of the UB city water resource.

A major requirement and issue with expanding the city water supplies is developing a balanced supply to urban and suburban users.

Sewerage

1.8 km D400 mm sewage line in Tsaiz market area

minimum No direct or indirect impact to project component.

Residents in BZD 16, 19, 22 khoroos will be connected to sewage line. Approx: 25,300 people

Rehabilitation of 1 . 2 km o f main collector 12a, 12b D500 mm

minimum Existing ceramic pipeline is over 50 years old. No indirect or indirect impact to Projects component

Residents in BZD 1, 2, 3 , 7 khoroos will be connected

Rehabilitation of 4.2 km of Collector 24, from D300 to D600 mm.

minimum Existing plastic pipe installed between 2008- 2009 does not meet a standard requirement. Indirect impact. Old pipe will be either be re-conditioned for another application or be disposed in existing landfill

Collection and conveyance of sewage will be enhanced

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D. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Development

81. The Feasibility Study Report for Tranche 223 provides an extensive review of the current institutional arrangements and responsibilities for the Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Development investment Program, and the areas of required capacity development and training of implementing agencies and service providers. A summary of the roles of the key institutions of Project 2 identified by the feasibility design team are summarized in Table 21.

Table 21. Summary of key roles and responsibilities

Program Implementation Organizations

Management Roles and Responsibilities Proposed

Asian Development Bank

Oversees program implementation, including compliance by executing and implementing agencies of their obligations and responsibilities for project implementation in accordance with ADB's policies and procedures.

Oversees program implementation, including compliance by executing and implementing agencies of their obligations and responsibilities for project implementation in accordance with ADB's policies and procedures.

The Government The Borrower’s representative who:

Ensures that the MUB provides timely counterpart funding

Screens and approves withdrawal applications

Establishes three imprest accounts (for loan and grant funds, respectively) in a commercial bank acceptable to ADB

Ensures annual audit of the project accounts

Negotiates project and loan agreements

The Borrower’s representative who: Ministry of Finance • Ensures that the MUB provides timely

counterpart funding • Screens and approves withdrawal

applications • Establishes three imprest accounts (for

loan and grant funds, respectively) in a commercial bank acceptable to ADB

• Ensures annual audit of the project accounts

• Negotiates project and loan agreements

Program Steering Committee

Chaired by the Mayor of Ulaanbaatar Comprise representatives of the Ministry of Economic Development; MOF; Ministry of Construction and Urban Development; Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Education; and other agencies concerned, as needed. The PSC:

Oversees progress on the Investment program

Provides strategic guidance on program implementation

Meets at least once every 6 months until program completion

Chaired by the Mayor . PSC’s secretary is PMO coordinator Comprise representatives of the Ministry of Construction and Urban Development; Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Education; and other agencies concerned, as needed. The PSC:

Oversees progress on the Investment program

Provides strategic guidance on program implementation

Meets every month until program completion

Secretary: General Architect/Head Of Master Planning Agency

Sets up multimodal coordination committee and follows up the action plan

23 Footnote #1

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Assists the MUB in procurement and management of works, goods supply, and consulting services contracts (with support from relevant municipal bodies)

Submits progress reports and audit reports, to ADB and the MUB on time

Maintains the program imprest accounts

Submits the withdrawal applications to ADB, collects and keeps supporting documents, submits reporting requirements, including the annual report and financial statements

Executing Agency –Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB)

Responsible for program oversight and administration, including:

Sets up multimodal coordination committee and follows up the action plan

Oversees implementation of investment program road maps

Submits progress reports to the steering committee for decision making

Prepares subsequent tranches

Endorses withdrawal applications

Ensures compliance with project covenants

Holds quarterly meetings with the program management office

Program Director is the Vice Mayor for Ger Area Infrastructure Development Responsible for program oversight and administration, including: • Oversees implementation of investment

program road maps • Submits progress reports to the steering

committee for decision making • Prepares subsequent tranches • Endorses withdrawal applications • Ensures compliance with project

covenants Holds regular meetings with the program

management office

Implementing Agency – Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB)

Responsible for implementation of the program, including finance and administration, technical and procurement matters, monitoring and evaluation, and safeguards compliance

Responsible for implementation of the program, including finance and administration, technical and procurement matters, monitoring and evaluation, and safeguards compliance.

Program Management Office, and Procurement Committee

Responsible for program implementation and management, including:

Establishes and maintains program performance management system

Manages detailed surveys, investigations and engineering designs for all subcomponents

Prepares/updates and implements all necessary documents related to land acquisition and resettlement, environmental and social safeguards

Secures technical and ecological expertise for all civil works prior to bidding

Assists the MUB in procurement and management of works, goods supply, and consulting services contracts (with support from relevant municipal bodies)

PSC’s Secretary is PMO coordinator. Responsible for program implementation and management, including: • Establishes and maintains program

performance management system • Manages detailed surveys, investigations

and engineering designs for all subcomponents

• Prepares/updates and implements all necessary documents related to land acquisition and resettlement, environmental and social safeguards

• Secures technical and ecological expertise for all civil works prior to bidding

• Ensures monitoring and quality control of construction works with necessary safety measures

• Coordinates with ADB on matters related to

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Ensures monitoring and quality control of construction works with necessary safety measures

Coordinates with ADB on matters related to disbursements, including preparation of withdrawal/replenishment applications for endorsement by the MUB and the MOF, and retaining of supporting documents

Submits progress reports and audit reports, to ADB and the MUB on time

Maintains the program imprest accounts

Submits the withdrawal applications to ADB, collects and keeps supporting documents, submits reporting requirements, including the annual report and financial statements

disbursements, including preparation of withdrawal/replenishment applications for endorsement by the MUB and the MOF, and retaining of supporting documents

• Submits progress reports and audit reports, to ADB and the MUB on time

IV. DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT A. Physical Environment

1. Topography and Geography 82. Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, has a population of 1.3 million people. The municipality spans of an administrative area of about 4,704 km2 which consists of 9 districts (düüregs), and 152 subdistricts (khoroos). 83. The city is situated in the Tuul River valley at 1,350 msl, and surrounded by the foothills of the Khentii mountain range that includes the Bogd Khan Uul in the south, Chingeltei Uul in the north, Bayanzurkh Uul in the east and Songino Khairkhan Uul mountain range in the west and north west. The terrain which is flat in the city center becomes gently to steeply rolling in the outlying peri-urban areas. To the east, elevation rises up to about 1,400 m; to the west, about 1,250 m; to the north, between 1,600 and 1,800; and to south, 1,800 m. 84. The east-west Tuul river bisects the city which is bordered to the south by the Bogd Khan Uul National Park. The ger districts represent the expansion of the city to the north, and northeast and northwest. Similar to the subcentres of Project 1 the subcentres of the ger areas of Project 2 are located in relatively flat to rolling terrain.

2. Geology 85. The municipality of Ulaanbaatar area is underlain by Cambrian, Devonian and Carboniferous sandstone and mudstone, and located on the alluvial plain of the Tuul river. Upper soils are fine and easily wind and rain eroded. Gullying and erosion is visible on the steep slopes in the ger areas to the north, including in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres. The geological structure underlying the Tuul river basin consists of granite and sedimentary formations from the Jurassic and Triassic periods. Tertiary (Neocene, Paleocene) sediments with clay average 80 m in thickness. The Tuul river basin is generally in a mountainous area

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and bounded by mountain ranges, foothills, narrow ravines and streams.

3. Climate 86. Ulaanbaatar lies in the North Temperate Zone and experiences a severe continental climate of long winters and short summers24. The city reputedly is the coldest capital city with annual temperatures ranging from approximately -30oC to nearly +25oC. From 1978-2008 the Ulaanbaatar Met Station recorded monthly average air temperature ranging from -21.7oC in January to +18.2oC in July with an annual average air temperature of -0.36oC. 87. The city area experiences an average of 40-70 days of rain, and 25-30 days of snow a year. Between 2000 and 2010 total annual precipitation in Ulaanbaatar ranged from 161.3 mm to 288 mm. In general, about 95% of the precipitation falls from beginning of spring to end of fall, with over 70% of it falling in the summer months. 88. Average monthly morning relative humidity ranges from 65-85%, and 40-70% in the evening period. Spring is the driest period with average monthly relative humidity between 40 and 65%. The highest average monthly relative humidity level occurs in the winter months of December and January sometimes reaching 83-85%. 89. The dominant wind direction in Ulaanbaatar is northwest Average monthly wind speed is from 1.6 m/sec (in January and December) to 4.4 m/sec (in May). Based on 1961-1990 records, the annual average mean daily sunshine duration was 7.7 hours.

4. Air Quality 90. The National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 2000 refers to air pollution as among the pressing environmental and natural resource issues confronting Mongolia. Major sources of air pollution include (i) vehicle emissions; (ii) emissions from boilers and power plants; (iii) emissions from burning coal, wood and/or garbage/plastics in household heating stoves; (iv) dry land, eroded soil and unpaved roads; (v) forest fires; and (vi) solid waste disposal sites Table 22) . 91. Air quality in project area is strongly influenced by the seasons. In winter, SO2, NO2 and PM concentrations reach levels that are multiples of those in the summer, as indicated in the monitoring results for Songino Khairkhan and Sukhbaatar Districts and the City Center presented in Table 22. Tables 23 and 24 indicate that it is common for the ambient air quality to exceed national (MNS) and international standards (WHO) as tabled.

Table 22. Major sources of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar Area

Source Air Pollutants (%) PM Black C S Pb

Vehicle emissions 12 13 0 68 Coal burning 35 70 86 32

Wood burning 3 11 5 0 Wind transport of 50 6 9 0

24 from: a) 2007-Environmental Outlook of the Ulaanbaatar City. Asia-Pacific Global Environmental Outlook, Data

Portal Project. 2006-2010, UNEP. October 2009. b) Hong Kong Observatory, at www.hko.GOM.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/china/ulaanbaatar_e.htm#. c) Mongolian Statistical Yearbooks 2003, 2007 and 2010. National Statistics Office of Mongolia. iv) www.weatherbase.com.

http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/china/ulaanbaatar_e.htm

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Source Air Pollutants (%) PM Black C S Pb

dust TOTAL 100 100 100 100

Source: Mongolian National University, Board of Nuclear Energy, Scientific Research Department, June 2007. (Lifted from 2007-Environmental Outlook of the Ulaanbaatar city, Asia-Pacific Global Environmental Outlook, Data Portal Project 2006-2010, UNEP, October 2009)

Table 23. Air quality in city centre and outlying districts of Ulaanbaatar

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Table 24. National and international ambient air quality standards

92. Air quality was sampled in Dambadarjaa and Denjiin 1000 in 2015-16 (Figures 28 and 29). Monthly SO2 levels at the two subcentres from Feb 2015 to present show the seasonality of air pollution of the ger districts caused by burning or coal and wood (Figure 30). The locations of the air quality sampling sites chosen by the local firm which conducted the DEIA of Project 2 were selected to represent the areas of greatest ger resident density, any location of other sources of air pollution such as small industry, and prevailing wind. The sample sites will allow comparison of air quality before, during construction, and post construction operation phase of Project 2.

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Figure 28. Air quality sampling sites in Denjiin 1000

Figure 29. Air quality sampling sites at Dambadarjaa

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Figure 30. Monthly average SO2 levels in the subcentres from Feb 2015

93. Figure 30 shows clearly the winter heating months spike in air pollution due to the widespread burning of coal and wood for heat and cooking in the ger areas which exceed national standards, and which also exceed composite standards of WHO and EHS (2005) (Table 19 & Appendix D). 94. Figure 31 shows measured PM2.5 concentrations at 4 sites in ger areas north of Ulaanbaatar which also reflect the winter elevated levels of smoke from coal burning. Similarly,

24 hour average (microgram/m3)

MNS 4585:2007 Max. allowed level

80

60

40

20

0

24 hour average (microgram/m3) MNS 4585:2007 Max. allowed level

μg/m

3

μg/m

3

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Figure 31. Suspended particulate (PM2.5) levels in 4 ger areas25

the data in Figure 31 show that the most important ambient environmental indicator of respiratory health is adversely affected in the ger areas during the heating season. National and international standards for PM2.5 are much less than the measured values shown in Figure 31 and Table 23).

5. Groundwater 95. Ulaanbaatar and outlying ger areas depend on groundwater for its water supply. Groundwater exists in unconfined aquifers at depths between 4-30 m. However, extractions of groundwater can cause the water table to drop from 10-13 m in winter to 15-19 m in summer. Nonetheless groundwater resources are considered abundant and sustainable by the T2 design team. Studies by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (2012), the Water Authority (2005 and 2010) and JICA estimate that a capacity of 339,700 m3/d of groundwater is available26 JICA carried out preliminary studies regarding the recharging of groundwater. Assuming a 9% rate of recharge and an annual precipitation of 342 mm/year, groundwater recharge is estimated at approximately 540,000 m3/day. This would show that groundwater is not overused, at present, but that with increasing abstractions this could soon be the case. 96. Groundwater quality was sampled at Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa wells (Appendix C). Only ammonium NH4 exceeded national standard (MNS 900: 2005) of 1.5 mg/l at 2 sites, and equaled the criterion at 2 other sites (Table 25). The selection of sampling sites was restricted by available wells, which were then selected to represent as many ger households as possible. Sites mid to low in elevation were chosen to attempt to capture subsurface flow.

25 2014, MET. Air Pollution and Health in Ulaanbaatar, 14 pgs, + 8 Appendices. 26 JICA. Study on the strategic planning for water supply and sewerage sector in Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia

(interim report October 2012) 26 MEGD. 2012. Integrated water management national assessment report.

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Table 25. National and international groundwater quality standards

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6. Surface waters 97. The Tuul river system dominates the surface waters of the study area. The willow Tuul River flows east to west through the southern part of the City, has a catchment of 49,840 km2, and a length and average width of 704 km, and 35 to 75 m, respectively during normal conditions. Its long-term annual average discharge near Ulaanbaatar is about 26.6 m/s with low summer flows reaching 1.86 m/s. The river is typically frozen from November to March/April. The Tuul river basin contains comparatively high content of groundwater resources. The mountains surrounding the river basin become a recharge region of groundwater. 98. The Selbe river, a tributary of the Tuul river, flows south 30 km from the headwaters in Khentii mountain range along the border of Dambadarjaa subcentre to join the Tuul river in the middle of the city. It has a catchment area of 303 sq. km which includes 10 tributaries from the east and west sides of the basin. The principal recharge mechanism of the Selbe River is rainwater in summer and autumn; therefore, water levels fluctuate considerably. The water remaining after the autumn rain is frozen during winter. Even at high flows the river through the subcentres does not cover the entire wide riverbed which has become a solid waste dumping ground for ger areas.

7. Surface water quality 99. The Tuul River upstream of Ulaanbaatar is unpolluted as a result of minimal human activity in the upper basin to the east. The quality of the river decreases from human activity as it flows west through the city with the largest single point source of pollution being the effluent from the CWWTP in the east of the city. Appendix B provides water quality of Tuul river in Ulaanbaatar in 2011 – 2012. 100. Water quality in the Selbe river at the southwest boundary of the Dambadarjaa subcentre was measured for Project 2 (Figure 29, Table 26). The data indicate water quality during August /16 did not exceed national standards. The water quality was also well within international standards. However, coliform bacteria was not sampled.

Table 26. Water quality in Selbe river at boundary of Dambadarjaa

No. 1

MNS 4586-1998 Water quality

General requirements

MNS 0900-2005 Environment.

Health protection. Safety. Drinking water.

Hygienically requirements, assessment of the quality

and safety

Lab № 4968 Sampling point Selbe river

Measuring unit Mg/l Mg-Eq/l

K+ 1.93 0.05 Na+ 16.06 0.7 200.0 mg/l NH4

+ 0.078 0 1.5 mg/l Ca2+ 33.07 1.65 100.0 mg/l Mg2+ 8.51 0.7 30.0 mg/l

Total cations 59.64 3.1 Cr- 6.74 0.19 300 mg/l 350.0 mg/l

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No. 1

MNS 4586-1998 Water quality

General requirements

MNS 0900-2005 Environment.

Health protection. Safety. Drinking water.

Hygienically requirements, assessment of the quality

and safety

Lab № 4968 Sampling point Selbe river

Measuring unit Mg/l Mg-Eq/l

SO42- 30.45 0.63 500.0 mg/l

NO22- 0.98 0.02 1.0 mg/l

NO3- 0.07 0 50.0 mg/l

CO32- <1.5

HCO3- 134.24 2.2

Total anions 172.5 3.05 Total ions 232.1

pH 6.62 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 H2SiO3 7.39

TSS 172.4 1000.0 mg/l Hardness 2.35 7.0 mg-Eq/l

As 0.001 0.01 mg/l Cd <0.001 0.005 mg/l 0.003 mg/l Cr 0.002 0.05 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Pb <0.001 0.01 mg/l Zn <0.001 0.01 mg/l

101. Water quality data of the Selbe river near the mouth of the river in Ulaanbaatar is found in Appendix B. The Selbe river below the ger areas exceeds national standards (Table 27) for BOD and nutrients (nitrogen & phosphorus) which reflects the diffuse discharges of untreated domestic waste from the upstream ger settlements in such as from Dambadarjaa subcentre. United States EPA water quality criteria are listed in Table 28.

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Table 27. Mongolia surface water quality standards

Table 28. EPA Surface water quality criteria

Parameter Unit Potable water

Fish consumption

Agriculture supply Navigation

DO > 4.0 average

> 4.0 average > 4.0 average

> 4.0 average BOD Not exceed level that would depress DO below standard

Alkalinity millig/l < 20 < 600 Conductance, Specific

micromhos/cm

< 50% above background

< 50% above background

< 4,000

Dissolved Solids millig/l < 500 monthly avg

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Parameter Unit Potable water

Fish consumption

Agriculture supply Navigation

Coliform Bacteria Most Probable Number (MPN)

MPN < 800 any day, < 200 monthly mean

MPN < 800 any day, < 14 monthly mean .

Aluminum millig/l < 1.5 Cadmium microg/l < 8.8

< 8.8

Copper microg/l

< 3.7 3.7 < 500 < 500 Cyanide microg/l

< 5.2 < 1.0 < 5.0 < 5.0

Chromium microg/l < 11 < 50 < 11 < 11. Iron mg/l < 1.0 < 0.3 < 1.0

Lead microg/l < 8.5 8.5 < 50 < 50 Manganese millig/l < 0.1 Mercury microg/l 0.012 0.025 < 0.2 < 0.2 Antimony mg/l < 14.0 < 4,300 Arsenic microg/l 10 < 50 < 50 < 50 Nickel Microg/l < 8.3

< 8.3 < 100

Barium millig/l < 1 Benzene Micrograms

/L < 1.18 < 71.3

ann avg.

Ammonia (NH3)

mg/l < 0.02 Chlorine millig/l < 0.01 < 0.01 Nitrate millig/l as N < 10

Phosphorus microg/l < 0.1

8. Soil Quality 102. The soil crust of Ulaanbaatar is classed in two zones namely, city central and green area27. The city central soil crust has been severely degraded and has completely lost its fertility. The green area soil crust has not been degraded heavily and has kept its original nature. The green area is defined as the UB national park and vicinity of Tuul river. 103. In the ger areas, due to soil erosion, the nutrient soil crust has disappeared, exposing the lower level of soil including gravel and rocks. In recent years, soil erosion has reportedly increased. Research in 2007 indicates the heavy metal contamination level in soil had remained below the permitted level, however, on the Tuul River plains contamination shows an increasing trend in recent years as exemplified in (Error! Reference source not found.). 104. Natural soil quality varies widely within a location and more so regionally due the diversity of geology, topography, and climate. Assessing soil quality in relation to human activity is best focused on the particular locale, and more importantly for the soil quality standards developed for the area.

27 2007-Environmental Outlook of the Ulaanbaatar City. Asia-Pacific Global Environmental Outlook, Data Portal

Project. 2006-2010, UNEP. October 2009.

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Table 29. Heavy metal concentrations (mg/l) in Soil, 2003-2007 *

Heavy Metal Contaminant Mn Zn Sr Pb Cd Cr Co Cu Ni Hg

Average 447.3 52.4 364.0 45.7 1.85 89.4 6.5 44.4 30.0 0.352 Minimum 68.5 9.6 18.3 5.0 0.10 4.8 0.0 1.5 1.6 0.024 Maximum 793.4 558.1 845.0 533.4 4.80 373.0 26.0 682.2 84.0 1.900

MNS 5850-2008 - 300.0 800.0 100.0 3.00 150.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 2.000

Basic content, Tuul River basin 709 42.0 471.0 20.0 1.20 73.0 10.5 16.0 27.0 0.250

* 2007-Environmental Outlook of the Ulaanbaatar City. Asia-Pacific Global Environmental Outlook. Data Portal Project. UNEP. October 2009.

Maximum levels exceeding MNS 5850-2008

105. Soil quality was sampled in Dambadarjaa and Denjiin 1000 subcentres for Project 2 (Figures 28 and 29). The soil quality at the sites is summarized in Table 30. The data indicate that the heavy metal levels in the soil are well within allowable limits of Mongolian standards (MNS 5850:2008). Canadian soil quality standards are shown in Table 31 (CCME 2010).

Table 30. Soil quality in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

Sample # depth, m Content of heavy metals, (mg/kg) Cr PB Cd Ni Zn

Denjiin 1000 - 01 0-5 10.8 36.4 0.263 8.4 206.9 Denjiin 1000 - 02 0-5 11.1 44.4 0.125 9.6 208.6 Denjiin 1000 - 03 0-5 13.3 12.9 0.15 13.5 198 Denjiin 1000 - 04 0-5 10.3 35.3 0.063 9.1 186.5 Dambadarjaa -

01 0-5 9.9 20.9 0.125 8 209.8 Dambadarjaa -

02 0-5 11.6 21 0.163 7.4 195.9 Dambadarjaa -

03 0-5 9.1 15.8 0.125 8.6 184.6 Dambadarjaa -

04 0-5 10.6 25.5 0.05 9.6 198.1

Mongolian Standard (MNS 5850:2008): Maximum allowed concentration 150 100 3 150 300

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Table 31. Canadian soil quality standards

Land Use Substance Agricultural Residential Commercial Industrial Published Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine

Arsenic (inorganic) 1997 12 12 12 12 Barium Benzene

Surface

2003

2004

750

0.030 0.0068

500

0.030 0.0068

2000 0.030 0.0068

2000 0.030 0.0068

Subsoil 2004 0.030 0.0068 0.030 0.0068 0.030 0.0068 0.030 0.0068

Lead 1999 70 140 260 600 Mercury (inorganic) 1999 6.6 6.6 24 50 Naphthalene 1997 0.1 0.6 22 22 Nickel 1999 50 50 50 50 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 0.5 1.3 33 33

Zinc 1999 200 200 200 200

Conductivity [dS/m] 1991 2 2 4 4

pH 1991 6 to 8 6 to 8 6 to 8 6 to 8

9. Noise 106. Ambient noise levels28 throughout the city centre are consistent with little fluctuations (Error! Reference source not found.). These data are further supported by monitoring for a domestic EIA report29, which observed noise levels in the City at 62 dB at the curbside in peak hour traffic, dropping slightly to 61 dB at the wall of the closest building at ground level. This figure reduces to 59 dB at 4 meters above ground. The average noise levels exceeded the daytime WHO guideline of 55 db. The noise level in the ger subcentres is expected to be similar.

Table 32. Ambient noise in Ulaanbaatar (dB)

Monitoring Point Location 2009 Average * 2010 Average ** N1 Tolgoit 53.7 49.00 N2 Devshil 56.7 No data N3 Yarmag 56.5 49.25 N4 Bayankhoshuu 54.5 50.25

28 Sourced: IEE Report for Mongolia: Urban Transport development Investment Program (MFF, tranche 1). MUB.

February 2012 (Revised in December 2012). 29 Domestic EIA Report. Construction of a Leveled Interchanged, West of Main Intersection. Edem. 2009.

Benzo(a)pyrene 1997 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 Cadmium 1999 1.4 10 22 22 Chromium

Total chromium 1997 64 64 87 87 Hexavalent chromium 1999 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.4

Copper 1999 63 63 91 91 Cyanide (free) 1997 0.9 0.9 8.0 8.0 DDT (total) 1999 0.7 0.7 12 12

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Monitoring Point Location 2009 Average * 2010 Average ** N5 Zuragt 57.0 No data N6 3rd Hospital 56.4 No data N7 Tsengeldeh 55.8 No data N8 Duuri 59.0 No data N9 4th school 61.3 No data N10 17th school 57.2 No data N11 Ulaankhuaran 53.2 59.00 N12 Amgalan 52.5 51.75 N13 Sansar 55.6 57.50 N14 5 buudal (most relevant to Selbe) No data 55.75

MNS 4585-2007 Daytime 60 WHO guidelines Outdoor daytime sound level 55

Source: Central Laboratory of MEGD. * Based on 5 months morning and evening data. ** Based on 2 months morning and evening data.

Exceeds WHO guidelines. Exceeds both national standard limits and WHO guidelines.

B. Ecological Resources

1. Local wildlife and biodiversity 107. Expectedly, the established per-urban ger environments of the Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres support a depauperate wildlife community comprised of some birds (e.g., sparrow, crow), and dogs, and large and small rodents. The vegetation of the subcentres consists of grasses, shrubs, and some scrub trees. The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) identified the Mongolian Marmot and a species of falcon as inhabiting the local ger area (Appendix E). However, these species have not been reported in Project 2 in the area. Specifically, 940 Mongolian marmots (marmota sibirica) were enumerated across 358 ha of land in 2015 within the territory Ulaanbaatar. However, the closest specimen to the Project 2 subcentres was in the Selkhe valley which over 10 km north of Dambadarjaa30. 108. Conversely, the upper headwater area of the Selbe River basin provides habitat for 7 types of trees and bush, 183 plants and animals such as the hedgehog, rabbit, squirrel, steppe fox and grey wolf, and migrating animals such as the wild pig, roe, deer, elk and lynx. The upper Tuul River is home to the critically endangered sturgeon, endangered taimen, nearly threatened ide and arctic grayling.31 However, these, and the IBAT- generated wildlife species do not inhabit areas anywhere near the project 2 ger subcentres just north of UB.

2. Ecological protected areas 109. Following the surveys of the subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu conducted for Project 1, similar data review and site investigations of the adjacent subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa were conducted. There are no ecological protected areas near the subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa. The closest protected areas or parks are the Bogd Khan Uul National Park which forms the southern boundary of Ulaanbaatar south of the 30 2015. Ulaanbaatar Wildlife Assessment Report, pg 50. 31 Tuul River Basin Integrated Water Resources Management Assessment Report. Ministry of Environment and

Tourism. 2012.

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Tuul river, the Gorkhi-Terelj Nature Park at the eastern side of the city, and two registered natural resource conservation areas; the Bayanzurkh Mountain located between the Bogd Khan Uul SPA and the Gorkhi-Terelj NP, and the Bayangol Naramsal Resort, located northwest of the city 110. The headwaters of the Selbe river approximately 30 km north of Dambadarjaa subcentre was declared a special protected area by the Citizens Representative Khural (City Council) in 2012. The protected area is approximately 2,072 ha.

3. Physical Cultural Resources

111. The cultural resources and values of the project area are dominated by the schools, social centres, and hospitals of the subcentres. The largest single cultural resources are the Monastery on the western side of Dambadarjaa subcentre, and the large, closed Dalan Davkar cemetery that borders the eastern side of Denjiin 1000 subcentre. Other important social-cultural features are the two markets in Denjiin 1000. C. Socioeconomic Profile

1. Demographics

a. Denjiin 1000 subcentre

112. The Denjiin 1000 sub-Center has an estimated population of 5,802 representing about 1,130 households, at an average household size of approximately 4.5 persons (Table 33).

Table 33. Population and density in Denjiin 1000

Project Site Affected Total Area Total Pop. % Area Incl. Incl. Proj. Est. Include Estimated Estimated Density

Khoroo (note 1) in Proj. Site Area (ha) Proj. Pop. Households Khasaas pers/ha

(note 2) Denjiin 1000 Khoroo 11 56.0 6,040 45.40% 25.4 3,110 691 346 Khoroo 12 355.0 14,691 15.80% 56.1 2,664 592 296 Khoroo 19 91.0 10,839 0.26% 0.2 28 6 3 Total 502.0 31,570.0 81.8 5,802 1,289 644.6 71.0

Note 1: Source: Mongolia NSO website. Note that estimates vary between sources thus all calculations may not agree.

Note 2: Consultant extrapolation/adjustment from GIS calculations, adjusted for settled area

Note 3: Dambadarjaa pop. % adjusted to consider settled area only

Note 4: Calculated from Khoroo statistics

Note 5: Consultant estimate

b. Dambadarjaa subcentre

113. The Dambadarjaa subcentre has an estimated population of 2,340, representing about 474 households at an average household size is approximately 3.75 persons (Table 34).

Table 34. Population and density in Dambadarjaa

Project Site Affected Total Area Total Pop. % Area Incl. Incl. Proj. Est. Include Estimated Estimated Density

Khoroo (note 1) in Proj. Site Area (ha) Proj. Pop. Households Khasaas pers/ha

(note 2)

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Dambadarjaa Khoroo 16 750.0 11,713 5.00% 37.5 491 131 87 Khoroo 17 183.0 6,709 28.35% 51.9 1,849 493 329 Total 933.0 18,422.0 89.4 2,340 474 416.0 26.2

Note 1: Source: Mongolia NSO website. Note that estimates vary between sources thus all calculations may not agree.

Note 2: Consultant extrapolation/adjustment from GIS calculations, adjusted for settled area

Note 3: Dambadarjaa pop. % adjusted to consider settled area only

Note 4: Calculated from Khoroo statistics

Note 5: Consultant estimate

114. The difference in population between the two subcentres is because Denjiin 1000 has more commercial development with the major Meat and Narantul markets, and other places of business. Whereas Dambadarjaa is a center dominated by Tourism (e.g., Monastery), and residential area.

2. Poverty and Employment

a. Denjiin 1000 subcentre

115. There is an estimated 94 poor households in the Denjiin 1000 (Table 35) which represents only 7.3% of the total. There are an estimated total of 145 disabled persons in the subcentre of which 59 are women and 14 children. Out of the total households, 86 are female-headed. Poverty level data was compiled directly from Khoroo office databases. There is discrepancy between these data and overall UB-level statistics that would put the poverty level at closer to the 20% range last reported for 2014. However, it is only the Khoroo-level data that is disaggregated to that geographic level. Another potential source of difference may be that the Khoroo offices report on those who have registered with them, and may therefore be missing others. A willingness to pay (WTP) survey was not conducted for Project 2 as the nature of the trunk infrastructure being developed means there are no individuals directly receiving any new/improved services for which they would be expected to pay. That direct impact and need for assessment will come when the next level of secondary infrastructure is installed allowing for potential individual connections.

Table 35. Poverty in Denjiin 1000

Factor Total HH Denjiin 1000 Khoroo 11 Khoroo 12 Khoroo 19 Project Denjiin 1000 Denjiin 1000 Denjiin

1000 Area 45.4% 15.8% 0.3%

Households 7,258 1,288 1,522 691 3,747 592 1,989 5

Female Headed 86 91 41 282 45 193 1

Poor Households (note 1) 94 158 72 139 22 38 0

Total Number of Disabled Persons 145 179 81 398 63 238 1

Number of Disabled Women 59 70 32 170 27 0 0

Number of Disabled Children 14 17 8 36 6 59 0

Homeless People 21 28 13 50 8 3 0

Source: Khoroo Office statistics gathered in accordance with NSO standards

Note 1: Derived from NSO prepared questionnaire using Multi-Dimensional Poverty Approach

116. There are no readily available employment statistics disaggregated for the Denjiin 1000 subcentre. Figure 32 shows that males and females are equally economically active. However,

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there are almost 3 times as many males as females. Unemployment is higher than the national average (8.3%) at approximately 10.9%. A notable source of employment in Denjiin 1000 is the large meat market. The Khoroo offices are again the source of the data as UB-wide data is not disaggregated to that level. Data may have the same limitations as for poverty data above – only those reporting to the Khoroo office are captured in the data.

Figure 32. Employment in Denjiin 1000

b. Dambadarjaa subcentre

117. There are approximately 49 poor households in the subcentre (Table 36). There is an estimated total of 68 disabled persons in the subcentre of which 30 are women and 3 are children. Out of the total households, 82 (13%) are female-headed.

Table 36. Poverty in Dambadarjaa

Factor Total HH Dambad. Khoroo 16 Khoroo 17 Project Dambad. Dambad.

Area 5.0% 28.0%

Households 4,376 623 2,617 131 1,759 493

Female Headed Households 82 135 7 270 76

Poor Households (note 1) 49 280 14 126 35

Total Number of Disabled Persons 68 288 14 193 54

Number of Disabled Women 30 125 6 86 24

Number of Disabled Children 3 22 1 7 2

Homeless People 0 0 0 1 0

Source: Khoroo Office statistics gathered in accordance with NSO standards

Note 1: Derived from NSO prepared questionnaire using Multi-Dimensional Poverty Approach

Total 11th khoroo Female from Total 12th khoroo Female from2

12000

10000 9670

8000

6000 4990 4122

4000 3029

1955 2000

1637 685

1133 1069

435 244 728

0 Economically active

population Employed Looking for job (registered

by khoroo)

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118. Similar to Denjiin 1000 disaggregated employment statistics are not available for the subcentre. Figure 33 indicates that approximately half of the economically active in the subcentre are female, and slightly less than half of those formally employed are female. This suggests a slightly higher proportion of women active in the informal economic sector.

Figure 33. Employment in Dambadarjaa

Total (16th khoroo) Female from Total (17th khoroo) Female from2

6755

5753

4459

D. Features of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres

119. Figure 34 shows example ger areas in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres. Denjiin 1000 is notably more hilly than Dambadarjaa. Note the sparse vegetation. 120. Figure 34c shows the Selbe river bordering Dambadarjaa on the right (east), with other subcentres across river to the west. 121. Figure 34d shows the main road through Dambadarjaa. The road forms the western boundary of the Monastery which is located on left side (east) of road and subcentre.

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Figure 34. Ger areas in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres

Fig 34a

Fig 34b

75

Fig 34c,

Selbe river

Fig 34d,

Main road in Dambadarjaa

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E. Summary of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu subcentres32

122. As indicated, Project 2 will add facilities to Bayankhoshuu and Selbe subcentres to supplement Project 1. Selbe and Bayankhoshuu are situated close to Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres (Figure 1) and thus are comprised of very similar natural and social environments. Selbe and Dambadarjaa are adjacent and share the Selbe river as the mutual boundary with Denjiin 1000 located about 1.5 km south closer to UB centre. Bayankhoshuu is situated a few km west of the three subcentres. Two small creeks run through Bayankhoshuu subcentre. The most recent air quality, ground water quality and soil quality sampling results collected for Dambadarjaa are also applicable to Selbe and Bayankhoshuu as these sub centers are adjacent. Similarly, original environmental quality data collected for Project 1 are representative of the subcentres of Project 2. 123. Similar to Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa, Selbe and Bayankhoshuu consist of low density residential zones with neighborhood commercial nodes along major roads. About 150 ha of Bayankhoshuu is residential (including roads and open areas) with approximately 7.5 ha devoted to public amenities including a 0.5 ha bus station. About 98% of Selbe (153 ha) is residential (including roads and open areas) with 1.8 ha devoted to public amenities and a bus station. Similar to Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa, both Project 1 subcenters have spontaneous unpaved road networks of variable widths resulting from historical uncontrolled allocations of khashaa plots of land.

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 124. The stakeholder consultation strategy embodied the principles of meaningful engagement, transparency, participation, and inclusiveness to ensure that affected and marginalized groups such as women and the poor were given equal opportunities to participate in the design of the project, in accordance with the requirements ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). 125. Stakeholder consultations for the environment were conducted in the two Project 2 subcentres of Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa. The approach to the stakeholder consultations for environmental concerns or issues in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa sub-centres followed procedures following the requirements of the ADB, which also met the policy of the government of Mongolia. A. Identification of Stakeholders 126. Stakeholders were identified and engaged in a participatory manner with assistance from the PMO/MUB, Khoroo leaders, and the national consultant team. The stakeholders involved in consultations included:

PMO/MUB of Project 2;

Representatives of all 5 affected Khoroos and Khashaas;

32 Summarized from IEE of Project 1.

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Khashaa representatives living beside the subcentres who have an interest in identifying measures to enhance or maximize the benefits, and who may be directly and/or adversely affected;

Representatives of business, individual households, and religious groups; and Local EIA firm, and national firm co-managing the feasibility design of Project 2.

B. Procedure of Consultation The following steps occur at each consultation meeting in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres:

1. Representative of PMO/MUB who is the owner of Project 2 opened the consultations.

2. Project 2 EIA firm introduced the objectives and purpose of consultations.

3. The PMO introduced Project 2 to participants by explaining the Project 2 subcomponents in detail including subcomponent locations. Large maps and figures of the subcomponents in the subcentres were used.

4. Staff of EIA firm initiated and led discussions. Open ended guiding questions and

examples of potentially affected environmental and social components were introduced to help orient participants (see below).

5. PMO/MUB staff responded to all issues and concerns of participants.

6. Staff of EIA firm recorded all issues and concerns identified, and responses of

PMO/MUB. C. Discussion guide

127. To help orient participants for Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres to the discussions on their environmental issues and concerns of Project 2 a list of environmental components (Table 37) were introduced to the participants ahead of the question and answer period. The example components of environment helped participants understand what is meant by environment. The participants were encouraged to identify, and add their own components of environment to the discussions.

Table 37. Environmental components to guide discussions.

drinking water quality and availability surface water quality and quantity groundwater quality and quantity air quality climate land and soil quality rivers, reservoirs, trees, other vegetation, terrestrial resources e.g., forests,

terrestrial and aquatic animals, e.g., fish, birds, small mammals

ecological protected areas (e.g., national parks, wildlife sanctuaries),

land uses (e.g., agriculture, fisheries, forestry, navigation, aquaculture, commercial, other),

public safety public movement and access

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minerals, soil physical cultural values (e.g., temples, cemeteries, monuments)

128. Five open-ended questions, and information requests (Table 38) were posed to guide discussions of the stakeholders.

Table 38. Guiding Questions and Information Requests for Stakeholder Consultations

1. What will be the benefits of Project 2?

Please list benefits of Project 2.

2. Do you have any environmental concerns with Project 2?

Please list environmental concerns of Project 2.

3. Do you any have environmental concerns with the construction activities of Project

2?

Please list environmental concerns of construction phase activities.

4. Do you have environmental concerns with the completed operation phase of the completed Project 2?

Please list environmental concerns of the operation of completed Project 2.

5. Do you think the design or operation of Project 2 should be changed to prevent negative environmental, or community impacts?

Please list changes to Project 2 that you think will prevent or reduce negative environmental, or community impacts?

D. Results of Public Consultation in Dambadarjaa

129. Mr. Otgonbaatar, Director, Projects and International Relations Department of the MUB and office of PMO opened the consultations. He introduced Project 2 subcomponents to the participants, and the need for the project to obtain input from affected residents of Dambadarjaa subcentre on their concerns key environmental and public health issues problems, and perceived environmental and public health impacts of the implementation of the project. Mr. Otgonbaatar also discussed implementation and financing arrangements or Project 2, and the anticipated roles of the affected communities.

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130. The EIA Specialist of the meeting introduced the proposed methodology for the consultation meeting to the participants, and the expected outcome. After introductions and general discussion of Project 2 subcomponents were conducted a survey form was distributed for participants to collect and organize their views on Project 2 which are summarized in Table 39. Participants are listed in Table 40.

Table 39. Summary of concerns and issues of stakeholders in Dambadarjaa

Issue or Concern Response of PMO/MUB Response of EIA firm Response of EMP

Resettlement process should be accelerated in relation to ger areas re-development

The resettlement policy of the project is to offer adequate compensation for the affected communities. But the purpose of this meeting is to discuss potential environmental impacts of the project.

Our plan is to minimize resettlement impact and the community initiatives are important

Clarification of required resettlement and compensation with responsible authorities is initial step in Pre-construction phase of EMP.

We need to protect Selbe River from traffic and does the project have component to protect the river? We need to protect the upstream of the river.

The project does not have specific component for the river protection.

Our goal is to ensure protection of the river during implementation of the project.

The EMP specifies measure to protect the Selbe river from the construction phase of the subcomponents adjacent the river including the heating and utility pipelines laid across the existing Selbe river from Selbe subcentre.

We need to include the component for improving the current practices of pit latrines.

The purpose of the project is to extend water supply and sewerage services to the residents

A primary goal of Project 2 is to ultimately reduce use of pit latrines. EMP specifies need to monitor soil quality.

Improving solid waste handling facilities

The project has component to improve the current solid waste management practices

The EMP specifies mitigation subplan for managing construction solid waste created during construction phase

The proposed project would improve living conditions of residents we will endure disturbances from construction of the project.

Prevention or minimization of noise and vibration caused by construction activities is specified in EMP.

During construction During construction Specific mitigation

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Issue or Concern Response of PMO/MUB Response of EIA firm Response of EMP

of the project the main negative impacts are dust, increased traffic and blockage of access.

stage, the project will disclose environmental management plan to the affected communities

subplans to minimize and control increased traffic congestion, blocked access & movement in ger areas are specified in EMP.

How individual plots will be connected to the municipal infrastructure extended close to the ger residents

The individual connection is responsibility of the private owner.

Design factor, outside EMP

After construction the contractors need to comply with the requirements for rehabilitation of trenches and secure public safety

This will be included in the EMP under supervision of the consultants and client

Site restoration of all construction excavations and earthworks areas is specified in EMP

Contractor should provide clear sign on the scope and schedule for construction works to avoid disturbance for the affected communities.

The EMP specifies requirements of contractor and PMO/PIS to notify al residents of construction activities and schedule during the pre-construction phase.

Timely implementation of the project to meet expectation of the residents

As per overall subcomponent construction schedules set by PMO and contractors

Lack of educational facilities and they had to travel long distance to have access to schools and kindergartens

As per design of Social Services Component 2

Ger residents need to explore alternative sources for heating (electricity, solar panel etc.) to reduce air pollution.

As per goal and design of Component 1.

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Table 40. Participants of Dambadarjaa

№ Name Age Sex Khoroo Telephone 1 N. Baasankhuu 82 F 17h Khoroo 96166079 2 G. Erdenechimeg 61 F 18th Khoroo 91221953 3 S. Enkhtuya 58 F 18th Khoroo 91142942 4 Ts. Dulamart 60 F 17th Khoroo 96674749 5 M. Enkhtsetseg 40 F 17th Khoroo 88913826 6 Kh. Enkhtuya 60 F 17th Khoroo 99192091 7 Tsetseglen 22 F 17th Khoroo 88663457 8 Ts. Enebish 68 M 17th Khoroo 88480722 9 N. Odontungalag 31 F 17th Khoroo 99897023 10 G. Tuguldur 22 17th Khoroo 95863747 11 S. Ganchimeg 47 F 17th Khoroo 98707789 12 P. Urangoo F 17th Khoroo 88006168 13 B. Oyuntsetseg 49 F 17th Khoroo 99767602 14 B. Oyunchimeg 51 F 17th Khoroo 88178923 15 Sh. Erdenechimeg 42 F 17th Khoroo 88803381 16 Ts. Bolormaa 48 F 17th Khoroo 89890961 17 Sunduijav Oyunchimeg 60 F 17th Khoroo 88159905 18 Tsolmon Byambajargal 29 F 18th Khoroo 91172577 19 Namsraijav Altannyam 58 F 18th Khoroo 88754882 20 Ch. Serjin 60 F 17th Khoroo 95772813 21 Sainbayar Sarantuya 60 F 18th Khoroo 91713645 22 V. Chantsaldulam 32 F 18th Khoroo 98113622 23 D. Battsetseg 41 F 18th Khoroo 88721234 24 Ts. Uranbayar 46 F 18th Khoroo 99125715 25 B. Ulziibayar M 18th Khoroo 99271442 26 B. Bayantulga 36 M 18th Khoroo 99270905 27 Yu. Tsolmon 52 F 16th Khoroo 96008283 28 Enkhtsetseg 51 F 16th Khoroo 96019421 29 Altankhuyag M 16th Khoroo 88814003 30 Enkhtuya 52 F 16th Khoroo 91310689 31 Bold 58 M 16th Khoroo 86841786 32 Sambuu 58 M 16th Khoroo 33 Otgontuya 30 F 16th Khoroo 88668180 34 Amarbayasgalan F 16th Khoroo 88530527 35 Badruush 60 F 18th Khoroo 96698876 36 B. Buyandelger F 16th Khoroo 99165332

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Figure 35. Public consultations in Dambadarjaa

E. Results of Public Consultation in Denjiin 1000

131. Ms. Khorolsuren, Environmental and Social Officer of the Project Management Office (PMO) opened the consultations. The participatory approach to be deployed during all phases of the Project 2 design was emphasized. The objectives of the consultations were introduced.

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132. The EIA Specialist of the meeting introduced the subcomponents of Project 2 using detailed maps and figures. The specialist invited questions and comments from the participants. Environmental issues of the area, and perceived impacts of the implementation of physical components of the Project 2 were discussed openly by participants. Participant questions and comments are summarized in Table 41 with participants listed in Table 42.

Table 41. Summary of concerns and issues of stakeholders in Denjiin 1000

Issue or Concern Response of PMO/MUB Response of EIA team

Response of EMP

Size of the sub center and number of the affected households and residents

The total area is about 110 ha and total population is 5,800 persons divided into 1130 households.

Design factor, outside EMP

Sidewalks and pedestrians to the linkage road to be carefully designed to ensure the full accessibility by disabled and isolated persons.

The design standard will include these parameters.

Explicit in EMP is protection of all existing pedestrian walkways to ensure uninterrupted access to domestic water supply from kiosks.

Soil contamination is the serious issue as the sub center was emerged in the late 1950 and there are many buried and exiting pit latrines.

The purpose of the project is to mitigated further soil contamination with improved water supply and sanitation facilities.

The EIA establishes baseline environmental indicators to be monitored during implementation.

A primary goal of Project 2 is to ultimately reduce use of pit latrines. EMP specifies need to monitor soil quality.

Water supply is issue and more kiosks are needed to outreach to residents

Design factor. Goal of Project 2 is future less reliance on kiosks for water.

Solid waste is a big problem in the sub center.

Project will equip the linkage roads with solid waste collection bunkers. The municipal service company will collect wastes from the bunkers which will be transported to the designated landfill for a monthly flat rate fee.

The EMP specifies mitigation subplan for managing construction solid waste created during construction phase

The contractor should comply with the labor safety standards

Compliance with MON regulations and policy for worker and public safety is specified in EMP.

Sometimes, there are solid wastes are The EMP specifies

mitigation subplan for

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Issue or Concern Response of PMO/MUB Response of EIA team

Response of EMP

generated from construction works

managing construction solid waste created during construction phase

The individual connection is important for ensuring sustainability of municipal services. How you foresee individual connections?

This is responsibility of plot owner to connect municipal infrastructure and the affected communities should join their forces to connect.

n/a to EMP

We want know the alignments of roads and layouts of infrastructure and social facilities to plan future business and livelihoods?

The exact locations of municipal services and social facilities will be finalized during the detailed design of the Project 2.

Disclosure of Project 2 subcomponents at any time by affected residents is specified by EMP

The project needs to identify free land or unoccupied areas for public facilities.

We need to consider technical and social consideration of the project facilities with regard to actual locations.

As per designs of Component 2

Promote more public awareness with distribution of pamphlets and brochures on the scope of project and outreach to all households.

UN HABITAT is engaged for community mobilization and therefore the project will closely interact during the detailed design and implementation.

Formal disclosure of all aspects of Project 2 is part of designs, and specified in EMP

Table 42. Participants of Denjiin 1000

№ Name Age Sex Khoroo Telephone/Утас 1 Tsedevdorj Enkhtsetseg 53 F 11th Khoroo 91143801 2 Duguushiv Batujin 59 F 11th Khoroo 96200861 3 Bayasgalan Tsogtbaatar M 11th Khoroo 99236020 4 Baldangombo Oyungerel F 11th Khoroo 91278940 5 Shiilegdamba

Amartuvshin 45 M 11th Khoroo 95017889

6 Bujiikhuu Tsetsegmaa 41 F 11th Khoroo 91864888 7 Namkhai Balgansuren 62 M 11th Khoroo 89978877 8 Zandraa Delgermaa 58 F 11th Khoroo 96761632 9 Batjargal 65 F 12th Khoroo 91690666 10 Samdan Nergui F 13th Khoroo 89570631 11 Erdenechimeg F 12th Khoroo 98620117 12 Narantuya F 11th Khoroo 91624333

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13 Oyuna F 11th Khoroo 91596811 14 Zoyo F 12th Khoroo 96636124 15 Monkhor Jargalsaikhan F 12th Khoroo 99789896 16 Gal-Och Munkh-Erdene M 12th Khoroo 96195323 17 Amartuul F 12th Khoroo 95267663 18 Altantuya F 12th Khoroo 99517746 19 Ch. Munkhjargal 48 F 12th Khoroo 88931266 20 G. Munkhjargal 40 F 12th Khoroo 88891299 21 Ts. Nyamsuren 40 F 12th Khoroo 88205130 22 D. Khishigjargal 55 F 12th Khoroo 95404034 23 D. Narantsetseg 49 F 12th Khoroo 90800837 24 N. Shurentsetseg 57 F 12th Khoroo 94615923 25 G. Guchin-Ye 57 M 12th Khoroo 88779539 26 D. Erdenetsetseg 59 M 12th Khoroo 89990939 27 Ts. Altantsetseg 48 F 12th Khoroo 95608224 28 A. Oyungerel 57 F 12th Khoroo 99258457 29 P. Uyanga 33 F 12th Khoroo 91144049

Figure 36. Public consultations in Denjiin 1000

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VI. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS

133. The assessment of potential impacts of Project 2 on Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa subcentres is structured by the three development phases define by:

a) Pre-construction;

b) Construction; and

c) Post-construction operational, to distinguish the important impact periods of Component implementation, and to prevent redundancy in the assessment and reporting. This assessment structure is carried forward and used to structure the environmental management plan (EMP) prepared for the project Components. 134. To further prevent redundancy in the assessment potential impacts that are common to all project Components are identified and discussed together. This enables clearer assessment and discussion of project Component – specific potential impacts. A. Benefits to Denjiin 1000, Dambadarjaa, Selbe, and Bayankhoshuu Subcentres 135. The major benefits of Project 2 are summarized as follows:

Ger homes and businesses will have access to a piped potable water supply;

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The infrastructure to collect and convey domestic waste away from ger homes and

businesses for proper treatment will increase environmental quality (e.g., soil & groundwater) thereby reducing sickness and disease, and improve overall quality of life in the subcentres;

The provision of access to central heating will greatly improve quality of life, and most significantly cause major improvements to ambient winter air quality from reductions in smog, and the critical health impairing PM2.5 from coal and wood burning. Potential removal, or significant reduction in the use of coal-fired cooking stoves for heating will also significantly improve indoor air quality.

New and improved roadways and sidewalks in ger subcentres will greatly improve mobility, and along with water supply and sewerage, will attract much needed commerce and income development in the subcentres; and

The physical social service support facilities to be constructed will be greatly improve the quality of life and reduce domestic stress in the subcentres.

B. Component Impacts and Mitigations

1. Pre-construction Phase

136. Potential negative impacts associated with the pre-construction phase of Project 2 focus on land acquisition, and the resettlement that will be required for the new roads, and some of the new buildings required for heating plants, and the new social service facilities. Resettlement and Compensation 137. The extent of resettlement has been in flux with the feasibility design of Project 2 due primarily to the unconfirmed extent of new road development. The current assessment of the resettlement and inventory of Losses (IoL) that have been prepared for both Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa are found in the supplementary engineering summary report of the FFM33 which is summarized below. 138. The current total number of affected Khashaas is 412 with estimated resettlement of 241, and land acquisition from 171 with an estimated compensation cost o f USD $12.6 million. If the linkage road between Bayankhoshuu subcentre and Selbe subcentre is included in Tranche 2, the total compensation cost will be USD $15.9 million for 524 Khashaas. The planned linkage road is 5.43 km and 11.6m wide. Moreover, if the MUB-preferred 20m wide linkage road is built, total compensation will be USD $17.4 million affecting 570 Khashaas. 139. By design the water supply, sewerage, and heating pipelines, and communication networks (e.g., fibre optic cables) will be laid along roadways or existing service conduits to avoid resettlement, some land acquisition may still be required in order to establish unobstructed maintenance access to the new infrastructure. Compensation will be set according to Mongolian and ADB policy requirements.

33 Footnote #2

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a. Updating EMPs

140. It is possible that the EMP for Project 2 may need to be updated during the pre-construction detailed design stage to ensure the EMP meets the final detailed designs of Project Components in all four subcentres. This will involve finalization of the mitigation sub-plans to manage potential impact areas such as erosion, sedimentation of surface waters, noise, dust and air quality, spoil disposal, traffic control, and worker and public safety at the project component sites. The impact mitigations of the pre-construction phase are detailed in the EMP (Chapter IX). 141. Key impact mitigation measures of the pre-construction phase are:

1) Initiation of compensation, and resettlement plans for the affected households and businesses;

2) Completion of detailed designs of the project Components of each subcentre including review to ensure important cultural-socio resources such as the Dambadarjaa Monastery, Denjiin 1000 cemetery and markets, and all schools & other social service centres are buffered from all project Components; and

3) Updating and initiation the Project 2 EMP.

142. Updating the EMP also involves updating the environmental baseline descriptions of the subcentres where needed to better understand potential impacts of project Components, and to maximize effectiveness of required mitigations.

2. Construction Phase

a. Common potential impacts of project Components

143. The potential environmental impacts of the construction of Components 1 – 3 will be primarily from construction phase disturbances. Common impacts and disturbances of the civil works will consist of for example, reduced and/or blocked public movement & access in subcentres, disrupted business and recreation activity, noise & dust caused by earthworks, heavy truck movement, & equipment use, homestead soil pollution caused by equipment operation and maintenance, risk of public and worker accidents & injury, increased traffic congestion & traffic accidents, land erosion and sedimentation of Selbe river, drainage canals, and subcentre home gardens. Temporary localized drainage and flooding problems can arise. Solid waste and domestic pollution from temporary worker camps can occur, as well as potential communicable disease and subcentre community problems caused by migrant workers. These short-term impacts and disturbances will occur at different levels of magnitude depending on the civil works activity and the subcentre site. These impacts were also identified by for Project 1. Potential exposure to soil contaminated from pit latrines is a potential impact due to the number of home pit latrines in the Project 2 area. 144. The construction phase is expected to cause the number of vehicles and traffic in the subcentres to increase by an estimate 10-20% at peak periods near work sites. The increased traffic will be in the form of trucks carrying loads of aggregate, wet and formed concrete, various pipe, and construction materials. The resultant increases in noise and dust levels that will be caused by materials transport is difficult to quantify. More important, is to focus now on

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establishing the well-known and best practices for mitigating the noise and dust during civil works construction, which are detailed further Mitigation Plan of EMP.

i. Common mitigation measures

145. Construction management measures to mitigate common potential impacts associated with project Components 1-3 are presented below. The mitigations follow standard construction management best practice, and are consistent with World Bank/IFC Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) Guidelines (2007) for Infrastructure (i.e., toll roads, water & sanitation, telecommunications, elements of health and tourism facilities, & waste management). The mitigation measures are detailed further in the EMP.

1. All open excavations should be fenced, and trenches covered where public walkways or vehicles must cross.

2. A cultural chance find management plan must be in place for cultural artifacts and property.

3. Extra protection against physical disturbance of Dambadarjaa Monastery, closed cemetery adjacent to Denjiin 1000, and Denjiin 1000 markets must be implemented (see below).

4. Regular use of wetting agents must be employed along all sections of the roads that are undergoing civil works, or used by construction vehicles to minimize dust.

5. All construction vehicles and equipment should be maintained in proper working order, and not operated at night if possible to minimize noise.

6. Speed limits should be posted and adhered to by construction vehicles, and the public. 7. Where possible construction vehicles should use different access roads or dedicated

temporary lanes to access construction areas to minimize interference with road use by the public.

8. Trees and other vegetation along road corridors should be protected. All tree removal must be minimized.

9. All trees removed for new road and landfill must be replaced with 3 three trees for each tree removed.

10. Present and past land use along road alignments should be reviewed to assess whether excavated soils are contaminated. Contaminated spoil should be disposed at the existing landfills or locations approved by the MET. Disposal of construction wastes is the responsibility of contractors and EMP will specify that the contractors are obliged to contract to municipal service company for removal of solid wastes and disposal at the designated landfill.

11. Berms and/or silt curtains should be constructed around all excavation/trench sites and along exposed sections of Selbe river bank, and along all drainage ditches to prevent soil erosion and surface water sedimentation.

12. Construction activities of the new bridges to be included with new roads of Denjiin 1000, and 1 across Selbe river from Dambadarjaa must be isolated with earthen berms, plastic sheeting which extend laterally and underneath the structures prevent erosion, sedimentation, and pollution of adjacent lands and waterways.

13. Local workers should be used as much as possible to prevent or minimize influx of migrant workers, and incidence of social disease and community unrest.

14. The temporary worker camps must have adequate domestic waste collection facilities and sufficient pit latrines that are located away from public areas and surface waters.

15. Dedicated fuel storage areas must be established away from public areas and marked clearly.

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16. To minimize the impact of the road construction works on the public and workers the existing Mongolian Worker, Occupational, Health, and Safety (OHS) legislation or policy should be followed. Additionally the equivalent World Bank (IFC) Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines (2007) for Occupational Health and Public Safety should be followed to supplement Mongolian directives.

17. Borrow pits and quarries must fenced during operation, and restored to a safe and vegetated condition after use is finished.

18. Aggregates (e.g., sand, gravel, rock) that are transported by truck must be covered. 19. Prolonged use of temporary storage piles along the roads should be avoided, or

covered, or wetted regularly to prevent dust and erosion. 20. Sand extraction from Selbe river and local streams should not occur. 21. Storage of bulk fuel should be on covered concrete pads away from the public and

worker camp. Fuel storage areas and tanks must be clearly marked, protected and lighted. Contractors should be required to have an emergency plan to handle fuel and oil spillage.

22. Contaminated soil from under or near household pit latrines must be disposed of in either the Narangiin Enger landfill located approximately within 15 km to the west of Bayankhoshuu and Selbe, respectively, or at Lorin Davaa landfill, within 25 and 30 km to the southwest of Bayankhoshuu and Selbe, respectively.

146. Narangiin Enger is the largest and operating sanitary landfill in Ulaanbaatar and will likely be the destination for solid waste generated during construction in Project 2. Morin Davaa disposal site has been operating as an open dump site since 1958. It was improved to a semi-sanitary landfill in 2011. A third landfill; Ulaan Chuluut was the largest disposal site of Ulaanbaatar City. Because it was an open dump site many environmental problems, such as dispersion of waste and frequent outbreak of fire took place. It was closed in 2009 when the disposal capacity of this site was reached. Essential services for the successful operation of Project 2 include landfill management. During the site assessment and selection the responsible government persons from the respective District/Khoroos confirmed that these services are available, and will be operated in accordance with the national laws and regulations.

b. Specific impacts and mitigation

Safe and sustainable water supply in subcentres 147. The households and businesses of both ger areas rely on obtaining drinking water from nearby kiosks, and transporting the bottled water primarily by foot back to homes and businesses. The children of families are mostly responsible for fetching and carrying the family water to the home. It is critical that this single domestic activity is not disrupted. Moreover, children must be able to walk safely and freely near the construction sites while laden with the daily/weekly supply of water. Normal pedestrian routes must be protected with barriers between construction sites and walkways, or temporary protected routes created for water transport. The supply of bottled water supply from Ulaanbaatar to the distribution kiosks must also not be interrupted from construction activities. Equally important is that the quantity and quality of domestic water currently taken from local reservoirs must not be affected from construction activities. Extra care must be taken to not cause sedimentation and introduce contaminants to expanded existing, and planned new water supply reservoirs from civil works activities.

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Denjiin 1000 Cemetery & Meat Market 148. The construction of western end of the proposed Ring Road which will extend northeast from near the boundary of the cemetery just west of Denjiin 1000, along with the planned parallel placement of water & sewerage pipelines in the same alignment could affect the outer walls and interior of the sacred closed cemetery. 149. Extra care must be taken to place physical barriers between the excavation and civil works activities and the cemetery wall. No heavy equipment or trucks should be parked at or near the cemetery wall, on no access to cemetery grounds must be allowed. 150. Of particular importance is full dust control within 200m from the cemetery wall. Excavation works should not occur if the prevailing wind is from the east, northeast or southeast. Dambadarjaa Monastery 151. Similar to the road developments in Denjiin 1000, the disturbances and impacts caused by the construction of the new roads, utility lines, and new buildings that are near the Monastery must be managed with extra care. In addition to noise and dust, access to and from the Monastery must not be inhibited. Normal activity within the Monastery must not be disrupted. Heating Plants in Denjiin 1000, Selbe, and Bayankhoshuu 152. The three heating plants to be built in Denjiin 1000, Selbe, and Bayankhoshuu will represent the largest single point sources of industrial construction disturbance. The disturbances could arise from the different types of civil works and heavy mechanical construction activities required to build the plant. Heavy equipment operation, and construction materials vehicles movement will occur steadily to/from the site. Flood control measures 153. The measures to be implemented to control flooding in the subcentres will be primarily construction of new tertiary drainage ditches that are connected to the existing natural drainage network. Similar to the road works, the civil works activities will create disturbances of erosion, dust, noise, and reduced movement and access. The same focused disturbance and impact mitigation measures must be applied. Project 2 will stabilize the slopes of the existing ditches with concrete pads, and clear existing ditches of debris and garbage to return natural flow. Existing ditch drainage will be extended with construction of tertiary ditches to allow movement of more water out of the micro-basins, and where ponding currently occurs during rainfall events. During construction protection of disabled persons will occur as it will occur for all new road and sidewalk developments. There are no associated facilities. 154. Of particular importance is to ensure the existing drainage network, to which the new tertiary network will connect, is not flooded with silt and sediment from the upstream excavation and earthworks activities. Thus, the tertiary drainage ditch works should not be conducted during rainy periods, and drainage ditch work sites should be surrounded by silt berms and traps to keep the down-drainage areas clear.

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155. Integrated with the design of the flood control measures is consideration of climate change in the region. Specifically, changes to average seasonal rainfall, and more importantly, the change in the frequency and severity of rainfall events.

Batch concrete and asphalt plants

156. Existing or temporary batch plants for asphalt and concrete will be used to provide new road surfaces and concrete structures, respectively. Batch plants potentially act as point sources of environmental and aesthetic pollution for the affected sites and local community. The issues arise from potential wind and water erosion (dust & sedimentation) from stockpiles of the raw materials of sands and other aggregates, chronic noise and public safety risks from batch processing and heavy truck traffic to/from the plants. Improper handling and storage of raw materials can also cause soil and surface water pollution from the curing chemicals in cement and hydrocarbons from (e.g., oil & thinners) for asphalt. 157. The volumes of wet and formed concrete, and asphalt, as well as volumes of different aggregates (e.g., sand gravel) that will be needed for the roads and civil works of the project 2 subcomponents can only be determined during detailed design phase. This information was not available at the feasibility design phase. Suffice to indicate that large amounts of these materials will need to be transported to subcentre sites, and which will need to be managed during the construction phase. 158. Best practice methods must be conducted to manage the creation, operation, and decommissioning of all batch plant. The contractor under supervision of MUB must follow international guidelines stipulated by the World Bank (IFC) EHS Guidelines for 1) Cement & Lime Manufacturing, 2) Construction Material Extraction; and 3) Retail Petroleum Networks. The recent USEPA (2014) Code of practice Concrete batch processing can also be consulted.

3. Operation Phase

a. Roads

159. The operational issues of the new roads in the subcentres concern increased vehicle accidents, and increased GHG production. The former can be addressed with enforced, clearly marked speed limits. Increased GHG production from increased vehicle traffic can be managed with reduced speed limits, and legislated requirements for vehicles which use the road to be good working condition. .

b. Water supply and sewerage networks

160. The operational issues concern failure of the pipeline lines leading to leakage or mass spills. A regular inspection and maintenance program must be developed and administered by USUG for the new water supply and sewerage network to ensure sustainability of the networks. The increased in wastewater generated by the increases in water supply will need to be managed. The capacity of the CWTTP will need to be able to handle the increases in untreated wastewater volume. Similarly, the increased treatment pond sludge will need to be disposed of in likely new sites approved by MET.

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c. Heated water supply

161. The anticipated stack emissions from the 3 new heating plants provided in the project description above indicate that the emissions will be managed to within allowable national (MNS) and international standards (EHS). These projected feasibility heating plant emissions will need to be validated at detail design, and later with regular stack emission monitoring. 162. Similar to water supply and sewerage, the potential operational issues concern failure and rupture of a pipeline at, or between the 20+ heating line substations in the subcentres. A regular inspection and maintenance program must be developed and administered. The heating plants in all three subcentres require formal maintenance programs. 163. The ash that will be produced from the new heating plants will need to be disposed in the same manner ash from the central heating plant, and all other existing small heating systems in the city. Fly ash will be treated as part of plant emissions management by the CFBC boiler technology, while bottom ash will likely be recycled 164. Community centers will be integrated into the current municipal service network for collection, transportation and disposal of domestic wastes. Attached to the municipal waste disposal program will be re-use and recycling programs within each social centre. C. Linked Facilities

165. There are no associated facilities in Project 2. All Project 2 facilities are either new stand-alone facilities such as the new heating plants and social facility buildings, or are new facilities such as wastewater, electricity, and water supply lines that are linked to new Project 1 facilities. The linked facilities therefore are all in good working order. D. Induced and Cumulative Impacts

166. During construction phase the different and common civil works activities required for the diverse array of subcomponents could compound construction disturbances and impacts on subcentre living. The potential cumulative impacts and disturbances will need to be avoided with careful planning and scheduling among the contractors as coordinated by the PMO during the detailed design phase. This will also act to prevent unnecessary extra cost. The EMP calls for careful planning and scheduling of construction packages

167. After construction phase is completed for all subcomponents, potential induced spatial and temporal cumulative impacts of Project 2 would stem from the new roads and the increased access, and movement within the subcentres. The increased traffic could increase risk of traffic accidents, injury, and expense. Increased outsider access and traffic to the subcentres could increase commercial development pressure in the area that is not sustainable.

168. The ultimate goal is for ger businesses and ultimately households to enjoy and benefit from a centralized water supply and domestic wastewater treatment. However, that dependence could become a negative issue if there were future failures or major disruptions of water supply, sewerage, or sewage treatment. Such events would cause major disruptions to normal household and business activities. Back-up system provisions must be built into the centralized designs to be able to manage such situations.

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E. Climate Change

169. Mongolia has experienced a change in climate. The annual average temperature in the 30-year period of 1961-1990 was -2.5oC which rose 1.0oC over the next 18-year period (1991-2008) to -1.4oC (Table 43). Error! Reference source not found.44 shows that total annual rainfall during the last decade decreased from over 300 mm in 2000 to 161-288 mm through the decade. Thus, the number of hot/dry days has reportedly increased raising the city’s vulnerability to forest fires.

Table 43. Mean, monthly & annual average air temperature, 1940-2008 (oC)

Period Month Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Byant Ukhaa Sta.

1940-2008 -25.8

-21.2

-10.1 1.0 8.6 15.2 17.3 15.2 7.8 -1.3 -

14.0 -

23.2 -

2.54

1961-1990 -24.7

-20.8 -9.9 0.3 8.9 14.6 16.6 14.7 7.4 -1.2 -

13.4 -

22.1 -

2.47

1991-2008 -25.4

-19.1 -8.8 2.8 9.0 16.3 18.8 16.4 8.9 -0.7 -

13.3 -

22.3 -

1.45 Average change 0.7 1.7 1.1 2.5 0.1 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 1.02 Ulaanbaatar Sta.

1978-2008 -21.7

-16.7 -7.6 1.8 10.0 15.8 18.2 16.0 9.3 0.6 -

11.0 -

19.0 -

0.36

1978-1990 -21.5

-17.6 -8.5 0.9 9.8 14.7 16.9 14.8 8.4 0.5 -

11.3 -

18.7 -

0.97

1991-2008 -21.8

-16.0 -6.9 2.4 10.2 16.5 19.1 16.8 9.9 0.6 -

10.8 -

19.3 -

0.06 Average change 0.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.5 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.5 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.91

Byant Ukhaa Sta. is located at the Chinggis Khan International Airport. Ulaanbaatar Sta. is located at the center of the city.

Table 44. Total annual rainfall, Ulaanbaatar, 2000-2010

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Rainfall, mm * 323.0 201.1 190.2 288.0 261.0 193.3 257.8 181.7 161.3 274.1 236.0

* National Statistical Yearbooks 2003, 2007, 2010. National Statistics Office of Mongolia.

1. Climate change projections

The results of modelled effects of estimated GHG emissions scenarios34 on climate over the next 100 years indicate that:

Winter air temperatures will increase by 2.6 oC, and summer air temperatures will increase by 2.4 oC. This indicates that winter will be more warmed compared to the summer season. The difference reflects the loss of the albedo effect (sun reflection) of snow.

34 2012, Integrated Water Management National Assessment Report of MEGD

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Intra-winter precipitation changes by <50% and its value will increase by 23%. Intra-

summer precipitation is changing by <20% and its value will increase by only 3%. Winter precipitation will increase faster than summer precipitation. Generally, Mongolian winters are expected to become wetter while summers drier. Dryness will be intensified due to high evaporation and the small increase in summer precipitation.

2. Climate Risk and Vulnerability35

170. The sensitivity of Project 2 to climate change is considered equal among the subcentres. Project 2 was screened with climate risk at Medium. However, given the projected drier conditions for future climate change the greatest possible sensitivity is groundwater supply due to potential reductions in surface water and natural seepage recharge from higher up in the river basins. According to the 2007 water inventory, 887 of 5,121 rivers, 2,096 of 9,340 springs, 1,166 of 3,732 ponds have dried out which represents a loss of 20% since the 2003 water inventory. However, the Project 2 design team asserts that there are sufficient and sustainable groundwater resources available for the project.

3. Mitigation and Adaptation

171. Similar to project 1, the design of the subcomponents of Project 2 include explicit consideration of the impact of climate change as primarily defined by increases in the frequency and severity of rainfall and wind events. The design of the Project 2 Components, in particular flood control measures, road grades, and water supply and sewerage embody the projected climate change for the region. Consideration of climate change includes measures to reduce the contribution of the rehabilitated roads to greenhouse gas production. Effort needs to be taken to reduce the carbon footprint of the roads by ensuring that posted speed limits along the roads are enforced, and that all vehicles using the roads are in good working condition. All lighting installed along the roads should use light bulbs that are energy efficient.

VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

172. Because the Project 2 is a continuation of Project 1 with components of Project 2 almost the same as Project 1 components, alternatives to Project 2 were minimal because the alternatives were essentially assessed by Project 1 (adapted from IEE of Tranche 1). Without Project Alternative 173. The subcentres would continue embracing the following significant development challenges:

(i) Reliance on local kiosks for water which restricts average consumption to 10l/c/d;

(ii) Chronic health issues and major negative living aesthetics from reliance on pit latrines for sanitation, and exposure to associated contaminated soil and surface water;

35 ADB (2014) Climate Proofing ADB Investment in the Transport Sector: Initial Experience, 88 pgs + Appendices

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(iii) Bad in-house and ambient air quality from reliance on burning coal and wood with homestead cooking stoves for heating;

(iv) Movement within, and access to/from ger areas restricted from extremely bad roads and sidewalks, and which is also dangerous in winter;

(v) Insufficient access to schools, hospitals, and recreation and community social facilities.

With Project Alternative

174. The project will greatly improve the quality, standard of living, and health of the residents of the Ger subcentres, and at the same time significantly improve the quality of the local environment by reducing the hardships summarized above.

Alternatives to Project 2 Design 175. The significant changes to the project design are those that affect resettlement, such as the addition of, or changes to planned roads. The changes to the number roads, or road alignments that occurred through the FS design, and thus to placement of water/wastewater pipelines, and communication lines do not influence environmental impacts of project 2. 176. The number and size of HOBs changed during the FS. The initial greater number of small HOBs were replaced with fewer larger HOBs to improve the emission quality of the heating component. The efficient CFBC technology requires a larger boiler to be effective. Thus, the shift to the larger boilers with CFBC technology will improve emission quality and result in the heating component producing better local air quality.

VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Information Disclosure

177. The extensive community and household consultations and surveys the Project 2 ger subcentres to clarify the needs, preferences, and understanding of Project 2 reported separately as part of the social dimensions of Project 2 began, and set the stage for continued information disclosure to the public and stakeholders. The separate public consultations for environment supplement the more extensive social data collections. 178. In addition to regular renewal and updates to the socioeconomic information collected above, the IEE will be easily available to all residents and stakeholders contacted during project preparation, in written and verbal forms, and in local language. At a minimum the Executive Summary of the IEE should be translated to Mongolian and distributed to all APs. The IEE should be available on the PMO/MUB and MET web sites, at their respective head and district offices, and at the 5 subcentre Khoroo offices. 179. Similarly, all Project 2 reporting with specific reference to stakeholder consultation minutes, environmental monitoring, and reports on EMP implementation released by the EA/PMO should be available at the same offices and web sites. The IEE will also be available

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on the ADB web site. During implementation, an after completion of the subcentre subcomponents all environmental and EMP reporting submitted by the EA/PMO will also be available on the project and ADB web site. 180. As a means to determine community involvement and interest in Project 2, and to learn from the level and type of interests, the type and frequency of information and report requests by the community will be monitored. This includes environmental monitoring reports prepared by the PMO. The “number of hits” on the webs sites and documents requests should be monitored. B. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

181. The detailed design team for project 1 (Tranche 1) simplified the overly complex GRM that was articulated and included with the IEE of project 1. The simplified GRM which has been adopted by project 2 is provided below. 182. The project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of AP’s concerns, complaints, and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project. All project agencies will be aware of the GRM and inform the PMO of any complaints received. 183. The PMO will establish and maintain the project GRM to receive and facilitate resolution of any social or environment-related concerns or grievances about the project. The GRM will address affected people’s issues promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all stakeholders at no cost and without retribution. The GRM does not impede access to the national legal system. 184. The GRM will be introduced during community consultations and made publicly available to stakeholders throughout the project phases (i.e., pre-construction, construction, post-construction operation). In the event of a grievance issue, up to three stages will be implemented, as follows.

(i) Stage 1 (maximum 7 days): If a concern arises during construction, the affected

person may raise the issue with the contractor, PMO, Design Supervision Consultants (CS1) or community or choro representatives. All agencies will be aware of the GRM and will be requested to immediately report any incidents to the PMO. If the issue is resolved directly between the affected person and contractor, no follow-up is required. But the log/record will be saved in the GRM logbook at the PMO.

(ii) Stage 2 (maximum 15 days): If the issue is not resolved, the affected person can submit an oral or written complaint to the MUB. The MUB and PMO will reply within two weeks and keep a written record of the whole process.

(iii) Stage 3 (maximum 20 days): If the issue is still not resolved, the PMO will, if

agreed by the affected person, arrange a meeting with MUB, PMO, and relevant community and choro representatives to identify a solution. If the issue still cannot be resolved it will be referred to the relevant higher level authorities. The PMU may report the process to ADB at any of Stages 1–3, but will do so immediately if Stage 3 is reached.

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185. Community - wide public awareness campaigns will ensure that awareness on grievance redress procedures is generated through the campaign. The project management office (PMO) designated focal person (environment and social issue) and community development consultants (CS -3) will conduct community -wide awareness campaigns to ensure that poor and vulnerable households are made aware of grievance redress procedures and entitlements, and will work with the PMO and, supervision consultants (CS1) to help ensure that their grievances are addressed. 186. Affected persons (APs) will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance redress/suggestion forms in one stop shops that have already been installed by MUB or through telephone hotlines at accessible locations, by e-mail, by post, or by writing in a complaints register in one stop shop. 187. Weather-protected Complaint Boxes will be placed at all constructions sites, existing social service buildings, and at Khorool offices as a formal location for people to submit written comments/issues during construction phase. Information at al boxes will be updated contact names for the PMO, local contractor, and local implementing units. Also included at each box will be simple forms and pencils to facilitate the communication process. 188. Careful documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken. The project management office (PMO) officer (who will responsible for environment and social issue) will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redresses on environmental and social safeguards issues. Figure 37 summarizes the GRM.

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Figure 37. Project 1 and 2 Grievance Redress Mechanism

Note: MUB- Municipality of Ulaanbaatar, PMO- Project Management Office, DSC- Design Supervision Consultants

Affected person

1st level Grievance

2nd level Grievance

3rd level Grievance

Field Level Contractor, PMO designated focal person (environment and social issue), DSC or khoroo representatives

MUB Designated person of MUB and PMO designated focal person (environment and social issue).

PMO Level PMO designated focal person (environment and social issue), MUB, khoroo representatives

Grievance redress and record keeping



Yes Within 7 days

Yes Within 15 days

Yes Within 20 days

100

Record keeping. 189. Records of all grievances logged, including contact details of complainant, date complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions, date grievance addressed, and final outcome will be kept by the PMO. The number of grievances recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the PMO office, MUB, and on the web, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on a semi-annual basis. Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned. 190. The PMO officer (responsible for environment and social) will periodically review the functioning of the GRM in each khoroo and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the project’s ability to prevent and address grievances

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Introduction

191. The environmental management plan (EMP) for the primary subcomponents of the Project 2 ger subcentres of Denjiin 100 and Dambadarjaa subcentres, and the supplementary subcomponents of the Project 1 subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu Project has prepared. The EMP will guide the implementation of the subcomponents through the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction operation phases to ensure that unnecessary environmental and social impacts identified in the IEE (Chapter VI) do not occur, and to measure and document any unexpected impacts of the subcomponents. 192. The EMP provided herein will guide Contractors develop their contractor EMPs (CEMP) for their construction package bidding documents. For the feasibility design of Project 2 the EMP is decidedly comprehensive, and developed as stand-alone management tool. B. Overview of Project 2

193. Project 2 in the ger district subcentres of Denjiin 1000, Dambadarjaa, Selbe, and Bayankhoshuu consist of 5 Components and approximately 12 subcomponents which range from hard infrastructure developments to training and capacity development of project owners, and implementing agencies and utilities (Table 45). 194. The Components of Project 2 which are summarized below are summarized from the Feasibility Design Report (28/8/16)36, and the supplemental engineering Fact Finding Mission Report (26/9/16)37 for Tranche 2.

36 Dohwa et al. 28/8/2016. Ulaanbaatar Urban Services & Ger Areas Development Investment Program. Draft Final

Feasibility Study for Project 2, 109 pgs + 22 Appendices. 37 Sept 26/16. Components Update Report, 60 pgs.

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Table 45. Summary of Project 2 subcomponents



1) Infrastructure and Services Improvement

Roads and Drainage Water and Sanitation Heating Trunk Lines & District

Heating Facilities Drainage and Flood Control Power and Communications

2) Social Facility Development39 Community Development Social

Centers Kindergartens Transitional Housing Sports Facilities Parks

3) Improved Service Provider Efficiency40

Upgrades to Water Supply Network Upgrades to Wastewater Network

4) Capacity Building & Training Support to implementing agencies

C. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities

195. At feasibility design stage the primary management framework41 responsible for the implementation of the environmental management plan (EMP) for Project 2 of the Ulaanbaatar Urban Services and Ger Areas Development Investment Program is summarized as follows. The Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB) which is the executing agency (EA) for Project 2 will take overall responsibility for successful implementation of the EMP with assistance from a Project Steering Committee (PSC) established for Project 2. Internal support of MUB will be from the Subcentre Redevelopment Authority (SRA) established under jurisdiction of Vice Mayor as a city-owned enterprise for Urban Development. 196. The Mayor-appointed Project Management Office (PMO) of MUB will manage directly the successful completion of the EMP with appointed Environmental Safeguard Staff (ESS). The Ulaanbaatar Water and Sewage Authority (USUG) will provide required technical assistance to the PMO for the EMP. The Project Units (PU) within the SRA will assist the PMO with the EMP at the subcentre level. A licensed Mongolian Institute & Laboratory will be retained to conduct all required analyses of monitoring samples collected for the Monitoring Plan of the EMP.

38 Detailed Tranche 2 subcomponents updated from Categorization Form. 39 Type of social facilities expanded from facilities identified in Tranche 2 Categorization Form 40 Subcomponents to be implemented with Infrastructure and Services Improvement Component 41 Adapted from IEE of Tranche I, 2013

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197. Externally, support for implementation of the EMP by the PMO/MUB will be provided by an international Project Implementation Support Team (PIS) which will include EMP compliance monitoring and reporting. The construction package contractors will be responsible for implanting the EMP through their own contractor EMPs (CEMP) that they develop from the EMP as part of their bid documents. 198. Major and minor responsibilities of institutions and personnel for environmental management of Project 2 are further defined below. Tables 46 and 47 consolidate responsibilities at a glance. 199. Municipality of Ulaanbaatar (MUB) being the EA & Program implementation agency, is responsible for obtaining necessary input from Ministry of Environment, and Tourism (MET) for required environmental assessment of the Program. 200. Project Steering Committee (PSC) is responsible for; (i) deciding on environmental management matters that require action from senior management; and (ii) ensuring allocation and timely disbursement of adequate resources for monitoring EMP implementation, and required environmental monitoring of Environmental Monitoring Plan by the implementing agency. 201. Subcentre Re-development Authority (SRA). The SRA is a special purpose delivery vehicle that will facilitate, coordinate, and manage the re-development and densification process. It will assist in realizing Subcentre Development Plans (SDPs) and ensure strict application of the development plan, principles, land use ratios, construction standards; and supervise private sector participation in the construction of residential units/compounds, in accordance with community needs and expectations, and private sector interests. The SRA will also: (i) facilitate the necessary inputs and/or assistance from the subcentre khoroos, communities and concerned private sector to meet environmental safeguard obligations; and (ii) firm up collaboration with subcentre khoroos in consultations and information disclosure, environmental monitoring, and implementation/observance of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM). 202. Ulaanbaatar Water and Sewerage Authority (USUG) is the sub-implementing agency, responsible for: (i) providing technical assistance and support to the PMO in EMP implementation; (ii) operations of completed water and sewerage structures, observing the Program GRM, and implementing environmental mitigation and monitoring measures the Project EMP. 203. Program Management Office (PMO) will be responsible for undertaking and managing day-to-day activities of Project 2. Its Environmental Safeguard Staff (ESS) will coordinate and supervise EMP implementation, including but not limited to: (a) update the P2-EMP after detail project design; (b) oversee incorporation of EMP recommendations into the contractor design/bid documents, and ensure procurement of environmentally responsible contractors; (c) ensure that DEIA prepared for MET is approved prior to the awarding of civil works contracts; (d) establish baseline ambient air quality, noise & vibration levels, ground- & surface water quality & baseline statistics on incidence of diseases, road accidents and crimes occurring at night in the unlit roads in affected khoroos; (e) establish and coordinate grievance redress mechanism (GRM); (f) review and clear CEMPs of the selected Contractors; (g) monitor contractors to ensure adherence to the EMP; (h) prepare monthly reports on EMP implementation to the PMO; (i) conduct consultation meetings with local stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, and updating stakeholders on latest

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project development activities, GRM, etc.; and (j) support training conducted by environmental specialist (ES) of the Project Implementation Support Team (PIS) (see below), EMP compliance reviews, annual reporting, etc.

Table 46. Responsible implementing agencies of EMP (updated from Tranche 1)

Phase Responsible Agencies Environmental Responsibilities

Project Preparation

MET Conduct General EIA

Review and approve DEIAs

EA, PMO Request MEGD to conduct General EIA, comply with MEGD instructions

Conduct IEE in accordance with ADB SPS (2009), and DEIAs in accordance with Law on EIA (2012)

PPTA Consultants Support EA in preparing request to MEGD and IEE

ADB Review and approve IEE and EMP, disclose on ADB website

Detailed Design

Design institutes Incorporation of environmental mitigation measures in detailed designs, and bidding documents.

PMO, SRA Update EMP to meet detailed design

Provide updated EMP to Design Institutes

ADB Approve updated EMP

Tendering

PMO, SRA, tendering company, DI

Incorporate mitigation measures and the EMP clauses in tender documents, civil contracts, and contractor construction management plans.

PIS, ADB Review tender documents, and confirm project readiness

Construction

EA, IA Advise on implementation of mitigation measures

Contractors Prepare and submit Contractor EMP that is fully responsive to P2-EMP;

Implement mitigation measures and conduct internal monitoring/ supervision

PMO-ESS Coordinate GRM, supervise EMP implementation, conduct regular site inspections, prepare monthly EMP progress reports, conduct training, and support PIS in preparing annual EMP monitoring and progress report

Licensed institute Conduct quarterly environmental monitoring & prepare monitoring reports

PIS (PIS-ES)

Advise on the mitigation measures, provide comprehensive technical support to PMO for environmental management, conduct training, conduct annual EMP compliance review, and prepare annual EMP monitoring and progress reports.

ADB Conduct review missions, review and approve annual EMP monitoring and progress report, including disclosure

Operation

PMO Conduct EMP compliance review, instruct IAs on environmental management requirements, and prepare EMP monitoring and progress reports until PCR is issued

SRA Implementation of mitigation measures defined in EMP

Licensed institute Conduct environmental monitoring of approved Monitoring Plan

ADB Review and approve EMP monitoring and progress reports, and disclose on ADB project website

104

ADB = Asia Development Bank; DI = Design Institute(s); PIS = Project Implementation Support, PMO = Project Management Office; PMO-ESS = Project Management Office Environmental Safeguard Staff, EA = Executive Agency; IA = Implementing Agency; MET = Ministry of Environment and Tourism; DEIA = Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment; IEE = Initial Environmental Examination; EMP = Environmental Management Plan;

Table 47. Responsible persons of Project 2

Responsible Person Name

Leader of executing agency (EA) in MUB

S.Batbold

S. Ochirbat D. Otgonbaatar

Chairperson, or members of Project Steering Committee (PSC) tbd1

Leader of Subcentre Redevelopment Authority (SRA) tbd

Project Units (PU) in the SRA tbd

Leader of Project Management Office (PMO) T. Bayarsaikhan L. Sainthugs

Environmental and Social Safeguards (ESS) Officer of PMO D. Khorolsuren

Ulaanbaatar Water and Sewage Authority (USUG) J. Dagvasuren Batsukh

Name of Licensed Mongolian Institute and Laboratory, and contact person who will conduct environmental sampling for EMP

tbd

1 to be determined

204. Project Units (PUs) under the SRA are responsible for assisting the SRA and PMO in environmental management at the subcentre level, particularly in consultations and information disclosure, IEC campaign, environmental monitoring, and implementation of Project grievance redress mechanism (GRM). 205. Contractors will develop, implement, and (internally) monitor implementation of their Contractor EMPs (CEMP) that are fully responsive the P2-EMP, adhere to the clauses the PMO and PIS-ES establish for incorporation into bidding procedures: (a) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (b) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (c) the full P2-EMP in Mongolian. 206. Affected Khoroos through their designated counterpart with PMO will actively participate in: (a) public disclosure of Project 2 IEE, EMP and EMRs, (b) the community awareness program on health and safety impacts of Project 2 implementation; (c) establishment of health and safety baseline data prior to construction; (d) review EMRs & results of environmental monitoring by Contractors, and (e) ensure necessary corrective actions are taken for reported environmental/social exceedances that are confirmed as being caused by Contractor negligence; 207. Licensed Institute. will be engaged to conduct baseline monitoring prior to construction, and quarterly environmental monitoring during project construction and operation following the

105

Monitoring Plan of this EMP (Table 49). The Institute will comply with Mongolian Quality Assurance/Control procedures and regulations for sampling and monitoring of environmental media, and assess compliance with Mongolian environmental quality standards for ambient air, water and noise quality. The laboratory, to be contracted by the PMO, will submit quarterly environmental impact monitoring reports to the PMO. 208. Project Implementation Support (PIS) Team, and the Environmental Specialist (PIS-ES), is responsible for imparting technical advice, guidance, and “hands-on training” to the PMO and SRA, particularly its ESS, in EMP implementation of Project 2. The PIS-ES will support the PMO, the PMO-ESS, SRA, and USUG with (a) project preparation; (b) training, (c) yearly environmental progress & EMP compliance monitoring; (d) annual EMP monitoring and progress reporting; (e) identifying environment-related implementation issues & necessary corrective actions; and (f) undertaking site visits as required. 209. Asian Development Bank (ADB) is responsible for reviewing relevant documents for clearance purposes, and conducting periodic review missions to review, amongst other things, the environmental aspects of Project 2. For example, clearance will be required for the updated EMP at detailed design phase of Project 2, and subsequent environmental monitoring reports (EMR) during implementation phase of Project 2. D. Summary of Potential Impacts

210. The potential impacts of the subcomponents of Project 2 from the IEE in chapter VI are summarized in Table 48. The impacts focus on resettlement and compensation for land acquired for new roads, and buildings during the pre-construction, and primarily from the disturbances and short-term impacts caused by the civil and earth works activities during the construction phase of Project 2. 211. Resettlement and compensation will be addressed by the separate Land Acquisition & Resettlement Plan (LARP) for Project 2. The short-term construction disturbances concern noise, dust, reduced access, increased traffic and risk of traffic accidents, worker and public safety, and local soil erosion & surface water sedimentation, and solid and liquid waste. These short-term impacts will be managed and mitigated with Mitigation Plan provided below.

Table 48. Summary of potential impacts of Project 2

Pre-construction Phase

Resettlement and land acquisition.

Construction Phase

Disrupted domestic water supplies The universal practice of manual transport of bottled water from local Kiosks for

domestic use could easily become disrupted from construction activities.

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New roads, & parallel heating, water, sewerage, and communications lines Relatively widespread disturbances and impacts from civil works defined by reduced

and/or blocked public access and pedestrian movement in subcentres, disrupted business and recreation, noise, dust and air pollution caused by increased truck traffic and equipment use, soil and Selbe river pollution caused by equipment operation and maintenance and soil erosion, public and worker accidents, disruption of traffic and increased traffic accidents, solid and domestic waste from temporary worker camps, social issues and community problems caused by migrant workers, potential damage to Denjiin 1000 cemetery, and possible disruption of normal activities at Dambadarjaa Monastery and Denjiin 1000 markets. Activities should give 100 m buffer to Denjiin 1000 cemetery and Dambadarjaa Monastery.

Exposure to contaminated soil under and near pit latrines. Soil to be disposed at 1 of 3 existing landfills used for UB.

Quarries and Borrow Pits Existing borrow pits and quarries west of the city centre will be used. No new pit or

quarry will be created, therefore, no new lands will be disturbed. Thus, only proper and safe site restoration is needed after the pits and quarries are used. As indicated above estimates of quantities of materials transported to subcentres are not available for feasibility design, and must wait for detailed designs.

New social services buildings including 3 heating plants Local building site disturbances and impacts from civil works defined by reduced

and/or blocked public access and pedestrian movement, disrupted local business and recreation, noise, dust and air pollution caused by increased truck traffic and heavy equipment use, local soil pollution caused by equipment operation and maintenance public and worker accidents, disruption of local traffic and increased traffic accidents, solid and domestic waste from temporary worker camps, and potential social issues and community problems caused by migrant workers. No asbestos will be used as insulation in the new buildings.

Flood control measures Disturbances and impacts from earthworks defined by blocked public access,

disrupted business and recreation, noise, dust and air pollution from heavy truck traffic and excavation equipment use, Selbe river, and existing drainage canal network pollution and sedimentation caused by heavy equipment operation and maintenance and soil erosion, public and worker accidents, disruption of traffic and increased traffic accidents, solid and domestic waste from temporary worker camps, and social issues and community problems caused by migrant workers.

Operation Phase

New roads Potential increase in traffic congestion & accidents, and pedestrian injury.

New water supply, sewerage, and hot water heating supply Disrupted service due to failures in supply networks

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E. Public Consultation

212. The stakeholder consultation program that was developed for the IEE will be continued with the start of the pre-construction phase of Project 2. Community wide awareness campaigns will be included in support of the consultations

1. Follow-up Consultation

213. The public and stakeholder concerns of both ger subcentres were noise, dust, and safety during construction with particular concern of injury from unprotected trenches excavated for infrastructure, and flood control measures. Disrupted and unsafe pedestrian movement through the ger is also a concern which is critical for daily transport of water to the homestead. These issues plus any others should be reviewed during follow-up consultations that should be scheduled during the: 1) pre-construction detailed design phase; 2) during construction of major infrastructure subcomponents such as roads; and 3) during operation of the completed Project 2 subcomponents. F. Mitigation Plan

214. The impact mitigation measures of the EMP are presented in a comprehensive Mitigation Plan for Project 2 in Table 49 Similar to IEE the mitigation plan is structured by the three development phases of Project 2 defined by the pre-construction; construction; and post construction operational phase. The mitigation plan addresses the environmental issues and concerns raised at the stakeholder consultation meetings. 215. The mitigation plan combines construction phase impacts that are common to all subcomponents, for which, single mitigation measures are prescribed. In this way common mitigation measures are not re-stated numerous times. However, impacts and required mitigations that are specific to a subcomponent are identified. Or, common mitigations that are particularly important to an environmental or cultural component of a subcentre are underscored. 216. The mitigation plan identifies potential impacts, required mitigations, responsible parties, location, timing, and indicative costs. The mitigation plan by design is comprehensive in order for the plan to be updated easily to meet the final detailed designs of Project 2.

Table 49. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan

Project 2

Activity

Potential Environmental

Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Location Timing

Activity Reporting

Estimated Cost42 (USD)

Responsibility

Supervision Implementation

Pre-Construction, Detailed Design Phase of Project 2 (Components 1-3)

Confirmation of required

resettlement, & compensation

No negative environmental

impacts

1. Affected households well informed well ahead of Project 2 implementation.

All affected persons in subcentre

areas

Before project

implemented See LARP See LARP PMO LARP committees

Disclosure, & engagement of

community

No community impacts

2. Initiate Information Disclosure and Grievance Mechanism of IEE

For all construction

sites.

Beginning of project

Quarterly

Next PubCon report

No marginal

cost43 PMO PMO/PIS

GoM approvals No negative

impact

3. Notify MET of project initiation to ensure DEIA requirements complete, and obtain required project permits and certificates. DEIA then approved by ADB Board

Entire subcentres

Before construction

As required

PMO report

No marginal

cost PMO/MET PIS-ES

42 Costs will need to be updated during detailed design phase. 43 No marginal cost indicates that costs to implement mitigation are to be built into cost estimates of bids of contractors

109

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Detailed designs of Project 2,

Minimize negative

environmental impacts

4. Work with PIS44 to complete detailed designs of the individual subcentre sub components. Ensure the following measures are included:

a) identification of spill management prevention plans, and emergency response plans for all construction sites;

b) careful planning and scheduling of implementation of construction packages to prevent compounded (cumulative) construction phase disturbances and impacts.

c) no disturbance or damage to culture property and values;

d) no unnecessary cutting of trees if possible;

e) locate any required new aggregate borrow pits away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;

f) ensure careful plan developed to ensure no disruption to ger water supplies from kiosks, or electricity with contingency plans for unavoidable disruptions;

g) no disruption to normal pedestrian and vehicle traffic along all ger roads with contingency alternate routes;

h) stack emissions quality requirements of heating plants from MNS 6298

i) for public areas include specific plan to notify & provide residents and merchants of construction activities & schedule to minimize disruption to normal ger commercial and household activities.

j) review measures to prevent or minimize disturbances to all ger schools and social centres

Final siting Before

construction initiated

Once with updated detailed design

documents

No marginal

cost PMO Design Institutes

44 PIS is project implementation support team; to be determined

110

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Update EMP

Positive environmental

impacts

5. Review finalized alignments for all utility pipelines to minimize impact on adjacent property

6. Review measures that will ensure minimal to no erosion and sedimentation of Selbe river

7. Identify any new potential impacts of Project 2 and include in EMP

8. Confirm solid waste disposal site(s) with MET either Narangiin Enger or Ulaanchuluut, landfills located approximately within 15 and 20 km to the west of Bayankhoshuu and Selbe, respectively, or the third landfill in Lorin Davaa, approximately within 25 and 30 km to the southwest of Bayankhoshuu and Selbe.

9. Update mitigation measures and monitoring requirements of EMP where necessary to meet detailed designs, and to protect affected environments.

10. Submit updated EMP including any new potential impacts to ADB to review.

11. Develop individual mitigation management sub-plans for use in CEMPs: a) Construction drainage; b) Soil erosion; c) Noise and dust; d) Contaminated spoil disposal; e) Solid and liquid waste disposal; f) Construction & urban traffic congestion; g) Utility and power disruption; h) Worker and public safety; i) Tree and vegetation removal and site restoration in consultation with MET; j) Construction materials acquisition, transport, & storage, and k) Cultural chance finds.

12. Update baseline water quality & presence of aquatic biota in Selbe river above and below Dambadarjaa subcentre. Also update soil quality (e coliform bacteria) near pit latrines that will be excavated.

13. Update cost of EMP

All sites including

Selbe river

Before construction

initiated

Once with detailed designs

documents

PMO/Design Institutes

PIS-ES

Selbe river Before

construction initiated

Once with updated EMP

See Monitoring Plan below

PMO/Design Institutes

PIS-ES

111

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Confirm GoM approved

construction waste disposal

sites

No negative impact

14. Notify MET to confirm locations of sites for borrow pits and disposal areas for construction for Project 2, and obtain required permits.

Entire subcentres

Before construction

As required in PMO report

No marginal

cost PMO/MET PIS-ES

Develop bid documents


impact

15. Ensure updated EMP is included in contractor tender documents, and that tender documents specify contractor-defined CEMPs must be budgeted.

16. Specify in bid documents that contractor must have experience with designing & implementing CEMPs, or provide staff with the experience.

All subcentre areas

Before construction

begins

Once for all tender documents

No marginal

cost ADB/PMO/SRA

PIS/Tender company

Create awareness of physical

cultural resources in area


impact

17. PMO/PIS to review potential locations of physical cultural resources, and explain possible PCR to contractors

All subcentre areas

Before construction

begins

Once in PMO report

No marginal

cost PMO PIS-ES

Obtain & activate permits and

licenses

Prevent or minimize impacts

18. Contractors to comply with all statutory requirements set out by GoM for use of construction equipment, and operation construction plants such as concrete batching.


sites

Beginning of construction

Once in PMO report

No marginal

cost PMO/SRA PIS/contractors

Capacity development


impact

19. Develop and schedule training plan for PMO/PIS-ES to be able to fully implement EMP, and to manage implementation of mitigation measures by contractors.

20. Create awareness and training plan for contractors whom will implement mitigation measures.

All subcentre areas

Before construction

begins

Initially, refresher later if needed in

PMO training plan

No marginal

cost PMO/PIS PIS

Recruitment of workers

Spread of sexually

transmitted disease

21. Use local workers as much as possible thereby reducing #s of migrant worker

All work forces.

Throughout construction

phase

Worker hiring stages in

procurement plan report

No marginal

cost PMO

Contractor’s bid documents

Construction Phase of Components 1-3

112

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Initiate EMP & sub-plans,

Prevent or minimize impacts

22. Initiate updated EMP & CEMP including individual management sub-plans for different potential impact areas that are completed in pre-construction phase (see sub-plan guidance below).


sites


Once in 1st EMR No marginal

cost PMO/PIS contractor

Operation of worker camps

Pollution and social problems,

e.g., STDs, disputes, fights,

robberies

23. Locate worker camps away from human settlements.

24. Ensure adequate housing and waste disposal facilities including pit latrines and garbage cans.

25. A solid waste collection program must be established and implemented that maintains a clean worker camps

26. Locate separate pit latrines for male and female workers away from worker living and eating areas.

27. A clean-out or infill schedule for pit latrines must be established and implemented to ensure working latrines are available at all times.

28. Worker camps must have adequate drainage.

29. Local food should be provided to worker camps. Guns and weapons not allowed in camps.

30. Transient workers should not be allowed to interact with the local community. HIV Aids education should be given to workers.

31. Camp areas must be restored to original condition after construction completed.

Any temporary

worker camp or staging

area


phase

Monthly Contractor reports

No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Training & capacity

Prevent of impacts through

education

32. Implement training and awareness plan for PMO/PIS-ES and contractors.

PMO office, construction

sites


After each event in PMO EMR report

No marginal cost

PMO/PIS PIS-ES

113

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Operation of borrow pits,

Pollution, injury, increased

construction traffic congestion

33. All borrow pits should be reviewed by MET.

34. Select pits in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction sites.

35. Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.

36. Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, houses, or cultural property or values.

37. All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.

38. All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.

39. After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.

40. Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.

All borrow pits &

construction areas.


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

114

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Transport of construction materials, and storage of materials on site

Pollution, injury, increased

construction traffic congestion

41. Define & schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.

42. Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will transported and handled.

43. All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered.

44. Piles of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non- traffic areas

45. Stored aggregates well away from all human activity and settlements, and cultural (e.g., schools, hospitals), and ecological receptors. Bitumen batch plants & handling areas should be isolated from subcentres.


areas.


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Asphalt production, and

application

Air pollution, land and water

contamination, and traffic &

access problems,

46. Contractors must be well trained and experienced with the production, handling, and application of bitumen.

47. All spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to GoM regulations.

48. Bitumen should only be spread on designated road beds, not on other land, near or in any surface waters, or near any human activities.

49. Bitumen should not be used as a fuel.


areas.


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

115

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Implement Spoil management sub-

plan

Contamination of land and surface

waters from excavated spoil, and construction

waste

50. Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in GoM-designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.

51. Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other culturally or ecologically sensitive feature.

52. Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.

53. A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.

54. Contaminated spoil (e.g., e coliform bacteria near pit latrines) disposal must follow GoM regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.

55. Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per GoM regulations.

56. Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity.

All excavation areas


phase


See Monitoring

Plan for contaminated soil analyses

PMO/PIS contractor

116

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Implement Solid and liquid

construction waste sub-plan

Contamination of land and surface

waters from construction

waste

57. Management of general solid and liquid waste of construction will follow GoM regulations, and will cover, collection, handling, transport, recycling, and disposal of waste created from construction activities and worker force.

58. Areas of disposal of solid and liquid waste to be determined by GoM.

59. Disposed of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.

60. Construction sites should have large garbage bins.

61. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.

62. Solid waste should be separated and recyclables sold to buyers in community.

Hazardous Waste

63. Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must follow GoM regulations.

64. Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)

65. Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition well away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.

66. All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan.

All construction

sites and worker camps


phase


No marginal cost

PMP/PIS contractor

117

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Implement dust sub-plan

Dust

Noise

67. Regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction roads.

68. Cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.

69. Minimize time that excavations and exposed soil are left open/exposed. Backfill immediately after work completed.

All construction

sites. Fulltime


No marginal cost PMO/PIS contractor

Implement noise subplan

70. As much as possible restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00. In particular are activities such as pile driving. Optimal times should be set by APs.

71. Maintain equipment in proper working order

72. Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.

73. Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.

74. Construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas where possible.

All construction

sites. Fulltime



Implement water supply and electricity

disruption sub-plan

Loss or disruption of

water supply and electricity

75. Develop carefully a plan of days and locations where outages in utilities and services will occur, or are expected.

76. Contact local utilities and services with schedule, and identify possible contingency back-up plans for outages.

77. Contact affected community to inform them of planned outages.

78. Try to schedule all outages during low use time such between 24:00 and 06:00. Allow APs to set times.

All construction

sites. Fulltime


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS Electric Utility

company contractor

118

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Implement Tree and vegetation

removal, and site restoration sub-

plan

Damage or loss of trees,

vegetation, and landscape

79. Contact MET for advice on how to minimize damage to trees and vegetation.

80. Restrict all tree and vegetation removal to strict road and utility alignments.

81. Prevent tree removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees that do not need to be removed.

82. All areas to be re-vegetated and landscaped after construction completed. Consult MET to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques. Aim to replant three trees for each tree removed as enforced by MET/PMO.

All construction

sites.

Beginning and end of Project 2


No marginal cost MET/PMO/PIS contractor

Implement Erosion control

sub-plan Land erosion

83. Berms, and plastic sheet fencing should be placed around all excavations and earthwork areas.

84. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

85. Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.

86. Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation, and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.

87. Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work completed.

All construction

sites


phase



119

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Implement worker and public safety

sub-plan

Public and worker injury, and health

88. Proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites and along all roadways.

89. Sufficient signage and information disclosure, and site supervisors and night guards should be placed at all sites.

90. Worker and public safety guidelines of GoM should be followed.

91. Speed limits suitable for the size and type of construction vehicles, and current traffic patterns should be developed, posted, and enforced on all roads used by construction vehicles.

92. Standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in.

93. Worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at beginning of construction phase, and at ideal subsequent monthly frequency. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers.

94. Appropriate safety clothing and footwear should be mandatory for all construction workers.

95. Adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction sites.

96. Drinking water must be provided at all construction sites.

97. Sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work.

98. All construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

All construction

sites. Fulltime


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

120

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Civil works

Degradation of water quality &

aquatic resources

99. Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and Selbe river.

100. Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion.

101. Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.

102. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from Selbe river.

103. No waste of any kind is to be thrown into Selbe river

104. No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.

105. Temporary pit latrines to be located well away from Selbe river, homes, and businesses.

106. All drainage canals and channels to be protected the same way as Selbe river.

All construction

sites


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Civil works Degradation of

terrestrial resources

107. All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled well away from Selbe river.

All construction

sites


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

121

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Implement Construction and urban traffic, and safe access to

kiosk water supply sub-plan

Traffic disruption, accidents, public injury

108. Schedule construction vehicle activity during light traffic periods. Create adequate traffic detours, and sufficient signage & warning lights.

109. Post speed limits, and create dedicated construction vehicle roads or lanes.

110. Inform community of location of construction traffic areas, and provide them with directions on how to best co-exist with construction vehicles on their roads.

111. Demarcate additional locations where pedestrians can develop road crossings away from construction areas.

112. Provide construction road and walkway lighting.

All construction

sites Fulltime


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Implement Construction

Drainage sub-plan

Loss of drainage & flood storage

113. Provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

114. Manage to not allow borrow pits and quarries to fill with water. Pump periodically to land infiltration or nearby water courses.

115. Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites

116. Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing stormwater storage capacity..

All areas near stream

Design & construction

phases


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Civil works & Chance finds sub-

plan

Damage to cultural property or values, and chance finds

117. As per detailed designs all civil works should be located away from all cultural property and values such Dambadarjaa Monastery, and Denjiin 1000 cemetery. EA identified potential sites and types of PCR in pre-con phase.

118. Chance finds of valued relics and cultural values should be anticipated by contractors. Site supervisors should be on the watch for finds.

119. Upon a chance find all work stops immediately, find

All construction

sites

At the start , and

throughout construction

phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS

contractor

122

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


left untouched, and PMO notified to determine if find is valuable. Culture section of MET notified by telephone if valuable.

120. Work at find site will remain stopped until DCST allows work to continue.

Construction of New Roads, and Parallel Utility Lines in Vicinity of Dambadarjaa Monastery

Construction of New Roads, &

parallel utility lines

Disruption of Monastery activities,

damage to property, & dust

depositing

121. Extra care to isolate Monastery from earthworks with physical barriers and sound barriers, and provision of dedicated lanes for automobile access to monastery property. After determining from Monastery management, all civil works must be scheduled to not disrupt visitation and Monastery activities schedules.

122. Protected sidewalks for pedestrian access to Monastery

100 metres from entire perimeter of Monastery

Through construction

phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Construction of Ring Road, and Parallel Utility Lines Near Denjiin 1000 Cemetery

Construction of Ring Road, &

parallel utility lines

Damage to cemetery

wall/property & dust depositing

123. Extra care to isolate cemetery from earthworks of western end of Road D-1000 with physical barriers, and dust retarding agents.

100 metres from eastern

wall of cemetery


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Construction of Heating 3 Plants

Construction of new Heating

Plants & Facilities

Local disturbance of

households and traffic issues

124. Extra care required to contain to site disturbances from excavations, civil works, mechanical construction, and construction vehicle traffic including construction materials and waste transfer to/from site.

100 metres from entire perimeter of

site


phase


No marginal cost

PMO/PIS contractor

Flood Control Measures

123

Project 2

Activity



Activity Reporting


Responsibility


Construction/ excavation of

flood protection channels

Sedimentation of existing primary

drainage channels

Disturbance to local households

125. Temporary earthen berms, or plastic fencing need to be installed along excavation areas to contain loose soil prevent erosion of downstream main flood channels.

126. Physical barriers such as sheet fencing should be placed b/n civil works sites and adjacent homes and businesses.

Along all flood

prevention sites

During all river

earthworks activities


No marginal

cost PMO/PIS contractor

Operation of New Roads

Operation of new roads

Risk of vehicle accidents

Air & land pollution

127. Ensure well marked safe speed limits inside and between ger subcentres are enforced.

128. All vehicles that use the roads should be required to be in good working condition

Along all new ger roads

Fulltime

Biannual

Roads Dept Report

O&M UB Roads Dept.

Operation of New Utility Services

Operation of new utility lines, & heating plants

Risk of equipment

failure leading to spills, and

system outages

129. Regular maintenance and inspections of utility conduits, substations, and plants in each subcentre

Along all utility lines, at

plants Fulltime

Biannual USUG Report

O&M USUG

Operation of New Heating Plants

Operation of heating plants

Stack emission pollution

130. Regular equipment maintenance to ensure each heating plant operating to original design specifications including quality of emissions.

At each heating plant

Biannual Biannual USUG

Report O&M USUG

124

G. Monitoring Plan

217. The environmental monitoring plan for the EMP is provided in Table 50. The monitoring plan is structured by the three phases (pre-construction, construction, post-construction operation) of Project 2 and consists of environmental indicators, sampling locations & frequency, method of data collection, responsible parties, and estimated costs. The purpose of the monitoring plan is to determine the effectiveness of the impact mitigations, and to document unexpected positive or negative environmental impacts of the subcomponents.

1. Environmental Quality Standards for Project 2 Components

218. Environmental quality standards and criteria for Mongolia are listed in Appendix D. The environmental standards provided by the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines of the IFC/World Bank (2007) should also be consulted to supplement GOM standards if required. 219. The licensed Institute will be required to implement the environmental monitoring under the supervision and coordination of the PMO/PIS (Table 50). The Institute will be responsible for the sampling and laboratory analysis of environmental parameters. The PMO and PIS-ES will coordinate monitoring work with the Institute. The PMO/PIS will also provide logistical support to the EMC where necessary for the implementation of environmental monitoring plan. The Institute will comply with Mongolian environmental sampling and analytical procedures and quality standards

2. Performance Monitoring

220. Performance monitoring is required to assess the overall performance of the EMP. A performance monitoring system is normally developed by the EA (MUB) for the entire Project. Select indicators of the environment that will be affected primarily by the construction phase are drawn from the mitigation and monitoring plans and summarized in Table 51.

3. Reporting

221. Regular reporting on the implementation of mitigation measures, and monitoring activities during construction phase of Project 2 is required. Reporting is the responsibility the PMO-PIS and should be conducted in conjunction with regular meetings with stakeholders as part of the continuation of stakeholder communications. The mitigation and monitoring plans (Tables 49 and 50) summarize proposed timing of reporting. Appendix F provides an indicative monitoring report adopted from first monitoring report submitted for Project 1. 222. A report on environmental monitoring and implementation of EMP for the subcomponent sites in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa will be prepared quarterly for the MUB by the PMO. The PMO report will consist of the monthly reports provided by contractor(s), operators and the Institute on monitoring, and input from the ES of the PIS. The semi-annual PMO report will be sent to the MET and ADB. The PMO reports will table all indicators measured with the monitoring plan of EMP including performance monitoring indicators (Table 51), and will reference relevant MET environmental quality standards

125

Table 50. Environmental Monitoring Plan

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING

Environmental Indicators Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Reporting

Responsibility Estimated

Cost (USD)45 Supervision Implementation

Pre-construction Phase – Update Environmental Baseline Conditions

Review environmental baseline, including existing sensitive cultural property & values

Throughout both subcentres including Selbe river

Consultation with community, Once Once PMO/PIS

PIS $200.

A) Update baseline qualitative air quality: dust, noise, and vibration levels in subcentres

B): update baseline river water quality: TSS, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb,) oil and grease, pH, DO, COD, BOD5, temperature, TDS, NH3, other nutrient forms of N & P, coliform bacteria

A): At two points in 4 subcentres B): at Selbe river above and below

Dambadarjaa,

MNS 0017-2-3-16, 1998

MNS OIML R 102:2001

MNS 4047:1988.

A & B: One day and

one night measurement during rainy & dry seasons.

One baseline supplement report before construction phase starts

PMO/PIS

Licensed Institute

A) $700.

B) $700.

C): update groundwater quality at baseline sites: heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, pH, DO, TDS, NH3, other nutrient forms of N & P, coliform bacteria

C): At baseline sites in Denjiin 1000 and

Dambadarjaa

MNS (ISO) 5667-11:2000 Once Once PMO/PIS

Licensed Institute

C) $700

Inventory of present and past land uses that could cause contaminated soil.

Possible contaminated lands at all excavation sites

Using field and analytical methods approved by MET. Once Once PMO/PIS

Licensed Institute

$300.

45 Costs and budget to be confirmed by MUB with updated EMP

126

Construction Phase of all Subcomponents

Analysis of soil quality (heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, oil & grease)

Possible contaminated lands at all excavation sites in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

Using MNS field and analytical methods approved by MET.

Once if needed Once PMO/PIS

Licensed Institute

$650.

A) Qualitative air quality: dust, , noise, and vibration levels

B): Selbe river quality: TSS, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb,) oil and grease, pH, DO, COD, BOD5, temperature, TDS, NH3, other nutrient forms of N & P, coliform bacteria

C): update groundwater quality at baseline sites: heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, pH, DO, TDS, NH3, other nutrient forms of N & P, coliform bacteria

D) Analysis of soil quality (heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn), hydrocarbons.

E) Domestic (worker) and construction solid waste inside & outside construction sites including worker camps.

F) Public comments and complaints

G) Incidence of worker or public accident or injury

A), B), C): Baseline sites of pre-construction phase, & other sites if deemed necessary.

D) At sites where contaminated soil is suspected in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa.

E) All construction sites and worker camps

F) Using information disclosure plan including hotline number placed at all construction areas in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

G) At all construction areas in Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

A – D: MNS 0017-2-3-16, 1998 MNS OIML R 102:2001 MNS 4047:1988. MNS (ISO) 5667-11:2000 Include visual observations of dust and noise from contractor & public reports. Qualitative methods agreed with MET: E) Visual observation F) Information transferred by telephone hotline number posted at all construction sites. G) regular reporting by contractors/PMO

(A – C): Quarterly during construction periods Daily visual records

D) Once at start of excavations

E) Monthly

F) Continuous public input

G) Continuous

Monthly

(A - D):

PMO/PIS

Licensed Institute

A & B: $700. C: $700. D: $700

(E - G) daily observations & records:

PMO/PIS contractor E - G: no marginal cost

Operation Phase

Incidence of traffic accidents, & pedestrian injury

On all new and existing roads throughout Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

Community and police reporting

Continuous Biannually Police and Khoroo leaders No marginal cost

127

Incidence of failure of new utility infrastructure including 3 new heating plants

Along all new infrastructure supply lines, and transfer substations in Denjiin 1000,

Dambadarjaa, Selbe, and Bayankhoshuu, and at all 3 heating plants

Community and USUG observation & reporting

Continuous Biannually USUG, Khoroo leaders, community No marginal cost

Stack emission quality At each heating plant MNS field and analytical methods approved by MET, MNS 6298:2011

Quarterly Biannually USUG O&M

Table 51. Performance Monitoring Indicators for Project 246

Major Environmental

Component Key Indicator Performance Objective Data Source

Pre-construction Phase

Public Consultation &

Disclosure

Affected public & stakeholders of

Denjiin 1000 and Dambadarjaa

Meetings with stakeholders contacted during IEE & new stakeholders convened for follow-up consultation & to

introduce grievance mechanism

Minutes of meeting, and

participants list

EMP Updated EMP All stakeholders contacted during IEE re-contacted for

follow-up consultation EMP

Bid Documents Requirements of

CEMP47 based on EMP

EMP appended to bidding documents with clear

instructions to bidders for CEMP

Bid documents

Training of PMO & implementing

agencies

Training course(s) & schedule

By end of P-C phase, required course(s) that will be delivered are designed

and scheduled

Course(s) outline,

participants, and schedule

Selbe river quality

TSS, metals (Pb, Fe, As), parameters

of TP, TN, fecal coliform, H2S

Document baseline conditions as per Monitoring

Plan Survey

Construction Phase

Sensitive cultural component

Physical cultural resources such as

Monastery, and markets

Unharmed or disturbed Khoroo leaders, public,

Selbe river quality

TSS, metals (Pb, Fe, As), parameters

of TP, TN, fecal coliform, H2S

Levels never exceed pre-construction baseline levels

Monitoring by Institute

Qualitative air quality

Dust, noise, vibration


Institute & contractor monitoring

reports,

Soil & surface quality Solid & liquid waste

Rigorous program of procedures & rules to

collect and store all waste from construction camps

and sites practiced.

Contractor and Institute

monitoring reports

Hazardous Oil, gasoline, Rigorous program of Contractor and

46 Example Monitoring Report submitted for Project 1 in Appendix F. 47 Contractor Environmental Management Plan developed from EMP in contractor bidding document

129

Major Environmental

Component Key Indicator Performance Objective Data Source

materials & waste

grease, alum, chlorine, soda

procedures to manage and store all waste from

construction camps and sites practiced.

Institute/PMO monitoring

reports

Public & worker safety

Frequency of injuries

Adherence to GoM OHS regulations/policy to prevent

accidents

Public/Khoroo & Contractor

reports

Traffic Frequency of disruptions &

blocked roadways

Disruptions, stoppages, or detours are managed to

absolute minimum.

Public input, contractor

reports, EMC reports

Operation Phase

Air quality dust, noise on property roads


Public/Khoroo leader

Increased traffic traffic accidents Not to increase over present frequency

UB Roads Dept

Operation of utility/services infrastructure

including heating plants

supply failures and spills Zero incidence USUG

Operation of heating plants

stack emission quality Meet MNS 6298 standards USUG

Water and wastewater Leakage events Zero tolerance, or well

within scope of O&M USUG

4. Estimated Cost of EMP

223. The costs for implementing the EMP are primarily for environmental monitoring (Table 50) because the costs for implementing impact mitigation measures (Table 49) are included with the construction costs in contractor bid documents. From Table 50 the preliminary costs for the implementation of the EMP for Project 2 are summarized in Table 52. These costs include per diem technician fees. 224. An estimated budget of USD $5,000.00 is required for capacity building and training for environmental management in conjunction with other capacity development activities of the project such as occurring as part of overall the capacity development component of the PPTA. The costs to implement the EMP will need to be updated by the PIS in conjunction with the PMO during the pre-construction phase.

Table 52. Estimated costs for EMP

130

1 PIS/ES and PMO 2 Licensed institute, PMO, PIS/ES

3 USUG, licensed institute,

X. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY & TRAINING NEEDS

225. Currently there is insufficient experience and capacity for environmental assessment and management amongst counterparts responsible for the implementation of the EMP, e.g., PMO/MUB, and USUG. The PIS-ES will develop and deliver training courses to the PMO/MUB and implementing agencies. The purpose of the course(s) is to strengthen the ability of the project owner and implementing agencies to oversee implementation of the EMP by construction contractors, and Institutes. 226. Training on the implementation of an EMP should address two thematic areas. The first area should be principles environmental management focused on the potential impacts of Project 2 subcomponents on the natural and social environment. The second area should be environmental safeguard requirements of the ADB and GoM with specific reference to the EMP. 227. Two approaches to training should be: 1) classroom coursework; and 2) “learning by doing” from work on the implementation of the Project 2 EMP with coaching assistance provided by the environmental specialist of the ES/PIS. On the job training begins with updating of the EMP to meet the detailed subproject designs as assisted by the PIS. Classroom training should be given by the ES of the PIS, and focus on two thematic areas defined above. 228. Indicative training course topics are as follows. The ES/PIS in collaboration with the PMO would develop the number of courses that would be need to address these topics, and the number of venues in which courses would be delivered. It is anticipated that courses would be delivered in UB.

1. Introduction to environmental due diligence, and environmental impact assessment and management of as required by the GoM, and the ADB (SPS 2009).

Activity Type Estimated Cost (USD)

Pre-construction Phase1

Updating Environmental Baseline cultural receptors $200.00 environmental quality $2,400.00

Construction Phase2

environmental quality $2,750.00 public consultation $0.00

Post-construction Operation Phase3

environmental quality $500.00 public input none Capacity Development and training $5,000.00 Total $10,850.00

131

2. Environmental and social issues associated with the subcomponents of Project 2 extracted from IEE including and public consultations.

3. Analysis and EMP, and implementation of the CEMP(s)

4. On-site training and implementation experience of CEMPs.

XI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

229. The Dambadarjaa Monastery, and Denjiin 1000 cemetery and markets require careful mitigation measures to prevent damage and disturbance to these physical cultural resources and facilities. The current practice of manual transport of household water needs from local kiosks must receive maximum protection so that no water supply to any household is disrupted for a single day. 230. The EMP developed for Project 2 provide impact mitigation plans, environmental monitoring plans, and specify the institutional responsibilities and capacity needs for the environmental management of Project 2. The EMP will need to be reviewed and updated at the detailed design phase to ensure that EMP fully addresses the potential impacts of the final subcomponent designs. 231. The IEE concludes that the description of the feasibility designs of the Project 2 subcomponents in Dambadarjaa and Denjiin 1000 including the supplemental activities in Project 1 subcentres of Selbe and Bayankhoshuu, combined with available information on the affected environments is sufficient to identify the scope of potential environmental impacts of Project 2. Providing significant changes do not occur to the design of one or more of the Project 2 components, and that new sensitive environmental or social receptor data are not discovered, Project 2 will remain Category B for environment and will not require further detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA). A. Project Risks and Assurances

232. The project risks related to environment include: (i) weak capacity of implementing and sub-implementing agencies in environmental management, which poses risk for a failed EMP implementation; (ii) the financial difficulties of USUG (operator for water supply and sewerage), which poses risks for EMP implementation to fail during operation; (iii) the 24hour daily work normally expected from contractors in UB poses risk for noise at night time to exceed standard limits; (iv) higher dust and noise levels, which poses risk for increased health hazard; (v) increased traffic congestion, which poses risks for longer travel time, longer delivery of people, goods and services; (vi) health and safety hazards, which pose risks to the lives of communities and construction workers; (vii) the significant demand for aggregate materials which poses risks for illegal quarries/extraction of aggregate materials; (viii) spill of sediments and wastes onto crossing and/or adjacent water bodies; which poses risks for increased deterioration of surface water quality. 233. These risks have been addressed through sound environmental management planning. The P2-EMP was formulated to ensure that risks are reduced to acceptable levels. In order that the various levels of participating government units have agreed on the following assurances:

132

MUB will ensure the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation and

decommissioning of the Project 2 projects to comply with all applicable laws and regulations of the Government of Mongolia relating to environment, health and safety; ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009; and all measures and requirements set forth in the IEE, the EMP, and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in the Annual Environmental Monitoring Report and ADB comments on it.

The MUB will ensure that: (a) all bidding documents include the SPS-compliant P2-EMP; (b) selected Contractors will be required to prepare a detailed CEMP that addresses as minimum the requirements of the P2-EMP; (c) CEMP will be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively against the P2-EMP and cleared by PMO and PIS prior to commencement of any work on site; (d) the Contracts for civil works explicitly stipulate the obligation of Contractors (and his/her subcontractors) to institute the mitigation measures properly according to the cleared CEMP; and (e) the Contract for civil works stipulate some tie up of progress payment and collection of performance bind with the performance in CEMP implementation.

MUB will make available a budget for: (a) a full time qualified environmental safeguard staff in the PMO who will oversee the EMP implementation; (b) the implementation of mitigation measures in the EMP that are under the responsibility of the PMO; (c) the implementation of corrective actions recommended in the Annual Environmental Monitoring Report; (d) environmental monitoring by a licensed institute in accordance with the SPS-compliant P2-EMP; (d) the preparation of the periodic environmental monitoring reports by the PMO; (e) necessary communication and reporting equipment and systems for effective EMP implementation and GRM observance; and (f) all other official costs to be carried out by the PMO in adherence to the requirements set out in the EMP.

MUB will cause the PMO to: (a) implement all mitigation measures prescribed in the P2-EMP as under the responsibility of the PMO; and (b) provide the MUB with a written notice of any unanticipated environmental risks or impacts that arise during construction and/or operation and that were not considered in the IEE or the P2-EMP.

The MUB will: (a) submit annual Environmental Monitoring Reports to ADB and disclose relevant information from such reports to affected persons upon submission; (b) review any changes to the project design that may potentially cause negative environmental impacts, and in consultation with ADB, revise environmental mitigation and monitoring measures as necessary to assure full environmental compliance. MUB will provide to ADB within 60 days, justification for any proposed changes to the mitigation measures required during design, construction, and operations, for safety or emergency reasons; and (c) report any actual or potential breach of compliance with the measures and requirements set forth in the P2-EMP after becoming aware of the breach.

MUB will: (a) select legally operated borrow pits and spoil disposal sites appropriate to the scale of the required borrow soil and the spoil generated prior to start of construction mobilization; (b) formally endorse such sites as being consistent with the P2-EMP requirements; (c) manage the sites in accordance with the P2-EMP prescriptions; (d) require waste contractors to submit manifest for every disposal at the MUB-selected disposal sites.

MUB will cause the Design Consultants to ensure adequate incorporation of: (a) seismicity factors; and (b) climate change impact factors.

MUB will ensure that the heat-only boilers comply with the most recent national standards

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MNS 6298:2011 and regular ambient air quality and staff emission monitoring is conducted and reported to ADB.

MUB will ensure that the services of a licensed institute is procured to: (a) conduct periodic monitoring of air quality, surface and groundwater quality and noise level in accordance with the Environmental Monitoring Plan of the P1-EMP and (b) submit quarterly environmental monitoring reports to the MUB.

MUB will cause the PMO to ensure that the contractors will: (a) implement an awareness and prevention training for all its workers on the risks, hazards, impacts and prevention of transmittable/communicable diseases, e.g., HIV/AIDS, SARS, AH1/N1; (b) provide necessary measures and facilities to ensure the safety and health of its workers; (c) require workers to submit to physical examination/tests and provide Contractors with results for the health baseline data of workers; (d) enforce upon workers to observe local customs concerning acceptable social behavior; and (e) enforce upon workers to observe sanitation practices and wearing of prescribed protective wears while in the construction premises.

MUB will cause the PMO to ensure that the capacity-building program described in the P2-EMP is implemented as planned.

MUB will ensure that no proceeds of the Loan are used to finance any activity included in the list of prohibited investment activities provided in Appendix 5 of the SPS 2009.

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APPENDIX A: NATIONAL STANDARDS RELEVANT TO PROJECT 2

Code Standard

MNS 6298:2011 Boiler Emissions Guidelines: The Permissible Level of Air Pollutants from Power and Heating Plants.

MNS 5919:2008

The Permissible Level of Air Pollutants from Operations of Water Heating and Steam Generating Facilities at Power and Heating Plants

MNS 17.5.1.18:1983

Environmental Protection: Rehabilitation of Eroded Land/Category of Eroded Land.

MNS 17.5.1.19:1992

Environmental Protection: The General Requirements for Rehabilitation of Eroded Lands

MNS 3473:1983 Environmental Protection. Land, Land Use and Terms and Definitions

MNS 17.5.13:1980 Environmental Protection: Rehabilitation of Eroded Land, Terms and Definitions

MNS 17.0.0.06:1979

The System of Standards for Environmental Protection and Basic Rules

MNS 5914:2008 Environmental Protection: Rehabilitation of Eroded Land, Terms and Definitions

MNS 5918:2008 The General Technical Requirements for Vegetation of Eroded Land

MNS 17.2.0.07:1979

Air Pollutants and Category

MNS 17.2.1.17:1980

The Terms and Definitions of Industrial Pollutants to Atmosphere

MNS 4585:2016 Air Quality, The General Technical Requirements

MNS 3383:1982 The Terms and Definitions of Pollutant Sources for Atmosphere

MNS 5885:2008 The Permissible Level of Pollutant Substance to Air/General and Technical Requirements

MNS 3113:1981 The Technical Requirements for Determination of Air Emissions

MNS 17.2.3.16:1988

Guidelines for Monitoring of Air Quality in Urban Settlements

MNS 6063:2010 Air Quality: Permissible Level of Pollutants

MNS ISO 14064-2:2015

Greenhouse Gas- Second Chapter: Indicative Guidelines for Reporting and Monitoring on Changes and Adsorption of

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Code Standard Greenhouse Emissions

MNS 3384:1982 The General and Technical Requirements for Sampling of Air Quality Test

MNS 17.1.1.10:1979

The Terms and Definitions for Water and Water Use

MNS 4047:1988 Guidelines for Monitoring of Surface Water Quality

MNS 3342:1982 The General Requirements for Protection of Underground Water from Pollution

MNS 6148:2010 Water Quality: The Permissible Level of Pollutants for Underground Water

MNS ISO 5667 13 2000

Water Quality-Sampling: Chapter 13: Sampling method for sludge from wastewater treatment plants

MNS 0899:1992 Sanitary Requirements for Sources of Water Supply to Urban and Household Purposes

MNS 0900:2005 Sanitary Requirements and Safety Assessment for Drinking

MNS ISO 5667:1:2002

Water Quality-Sampling: Chapter 1: Sampling method for drinking water

MNS ISO 5667-3:1999

Water Quality-Sampling: Chapter 3: Guidelines for handling of water samples

MNS ISO 5667:6:2001

Water Quality-Sampling: Chapter 6: Sampling method for rivers and streams

MNS 4943:2015 Water Quality: The General Requirements for Wastewater

MNS BS 8525-1:2015

The General Requirements for Grey Water

MNS ISO 5667-10:2001

Water Quality-Sampling: Chapter 10: Instructions for Sampling from Wastewater

MNS ISO 5667-7:2002

Water Quality-Sampling: Chapter 7: Instructions for Sampling from Water and Steam at Heat only Boilers (HOB)

MNS 6561:2015 Water Quality. General Requirements for Wastewater discharged to Sewerage Network

MNS 5666:2006 Water Biological Test: Determination Method of Dynamic Sludge ate Wastewater Treatment Plant

MNS 4288:1995 General Requirements for location, treatment process and levels of

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Code Standard Wastewater Treatment Plant

MNS 3297:1991 Soil: Soil Quality Indicators and Norms in Urban Settlements

MNS 5850:2008 Soil Quality: The Permissible Levels of Soil Pollutants

MNS 3298:1991 Soil Quality: The General Requirements for Soil Sampling

MNS 3985:1987

Soil. Types of Sanitary Indicators of Soil

MNS 2305:1994 Soil. Instructions to Sampling, Packing and Storing of Soil Samples

MNS 4968:2000 Work Safety: General Requirements for Work Place

MNS 4994:2000 Work Safety: Vibrations Norm and General Requirements for Safe Operations

MNS 5147:2002 Electric and Static Conditions. Permissible Acid Level at Workplace

MNS 5150:2002 General Requirements for Safety Procedures with Electric Appliances

MNS 5146:2002 Work Safety: Electric Works; Protection and Wiring.

MNS 5145:2002 Electric Safety: The Maximum level of voltage and electric current

MNS 5002:2000 The General Requirements for Work Safety: The noise norms

MNS 0012.4.005:1985

The Labor Protection Equipment. Tools and Types

MNS 4244:1994 The General Requirements for Fire Safety

MNS 5390:2004 Work Safety and Sanitary Conditions

MNS 6458:2014 The General Requirements for Handling Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals

MNS 3474:2003 Plant Protection: The Terms and Definitions

MNS 5344:2011 The General Requirements for Transportation of Household Wastes

MNS 5872:2008 The Service Requirements for Power Supply

MNS 5043:2011 The General Technical Requirements for Boilers with capacity of 0.10 МВт - 3.15МВт

MNS 5041:2001 The General Technical Requirements for Boilers with capacity up to 100 кВт

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Code Standard

MNS 5045:2001 The Technical Requirements for Water Heating Boiler with solid fuel

MNS 5643:2006 The General Technical Requirements for Power Transmission Sub Station with Capacity of 25-2500 кВ•А

MNS 4084:1988 The General Technical Requirements for Water Heating Unit with Solar Panel

MNS 5207:2011 The Technical Requirements for Installation of the Fiber Optic Cable

MNS AASHTO 86:2005

The Technical Requirements for Concrete Structure of Flood Protection Facilities

MNS ISO 24511:2012

Operation of Water Supply and Sewerage Network: Operations Management and Maintenance of the Sewerage Facilities

MNS ISO 24512:2012

Operations Management and Maintenance of the Water Supply Facilities

MNS 5682:2006 The Technical Requirements for Pedestrians and Access for Disable Persons

MNS 4597:2014 The Technical Requirements for Road Signs

MNS 4759:2014 The Technical Requirements for Road Marks

MNS 4596:2014 The Operational Instructions for Road Signs, Marks, Fences and Traffic Lights

MNS 5342:2007 The General Requirements for Auto Parking Facilities

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APPENDIX B: WATER QUALITY OF TUUL AND SELBE RIVERS IN ULAANBAATAR

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APPENDIX C: GROUNDWATER QUALITY AT WELLS IN PROJECT 2 SUBCENTRES

Groundwater quality test

# Sampling location

Mineralization, mg/l

Hardness, mg-

eq/l

Anion Cation Contamination parameters

CO32-

/HCO3 CL- SO4

2

- Na++K

+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4+ NO2

-

/NO3-

MNS 0900:2005 1000.0 7.0 350 500 200 100 30 1.5 1.0/50 Dambadarjaa

1 Dambadarjaa spring 465.14 6.2 0/207.4 63.

9 73.0 9.98 88.2 21.9 0.8 0/0.0

2

17 khoroo, 57-768, tsogtbayars dug well

1121.1 12.6 0/183 178 375.0 91.89 184.

4 41.3

4 4.5 1.5/62

1193.9 14.1 0/207.4 202 380.0 82.42 210.

4 43.7

8 6.6 1.5/60

3 17 khoroo, 57-763, well, depth 26 m

292.5 2.6 0/164.7 17.8 34.0 29.7 32.1 12.2 0.7 0/1.4

Denjiin 1000

4

Denjiin 1000, Spring near by dump site

1167.6 15.7 0/292.8 170 375.0 40.3 226.

5 53.5 1.5 0/7.6

1179.2 16.0 0/292.8 178 380.0 42.0 200.

4 73.0 1.5 0.02/12

5 Sarnai well 498.8 6.2 0/213.5 46.

2 107.

5 20.7 80.2 26.8 0.1 0/4.0

494.9 6.0 0/207.4 49.7

107.5 24.5 78.2 25.5 0.1 0/2.0

6 Tsetsegmaas well 457.0 5.0 0/183.0 42.

6 110.

0 34.8 64.1 21.9 0.0 0/0.8

7 Fixed spring 564.6 5.4 0/158.6 35.

5 217.

5 63.3 58.1 30.4 0.0 0/1.2

566.0 5.5 0/183.0 35.5

223.0 62.0 58.1 31.6 0.1 0/3.2

8 Erdenesuvarga boiler well 574.7 6.0 0/280.6 35.

5 98.0 41.8 72.1 29.2 1.5 0.02/6.0

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APPENDIX D: MONGOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS

D-1: Surface water quality standards

D-2 Noise Level Standards

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D-3: Groundwater Quality Standards

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D-4: Ambient Air Quality Standards

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D-5 Soil Quality Standards

Table A-6: Boiler Emission Guidelines

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APPENDIX E: RESULTS OF IBAT ANALYSIS OF PROJECT 2 AREA

Proximity report generated by the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool

About this report: This report presents the results of a proximity analysis to identify the biodiversity features and species which are located within 1 km, 5 km and 10 km. Data used to generate this report: IUCN and UNEP-WCMC, 2016. BirdLife International and Conservation International, 2016.

IUCN, 2014.

Limitations: This report provides an indication of the potential biodiversity-related features - protected areas, key biodiversity areas and species - close to the specified location. It provides an early indication of potential biodiversity concerns, and can provide valuable guidance in making decisions. For example, this information can be helpful when assessing the potential environmental risk and impact of a site, categorising investments/projects, preparing the terms of reference for an impact assessment, focusing attention on key species of conservation concern and sites of known conservation value, and reviewing the results of an impact assessment. The report does not provide details of potential indirect, downstream or cumulative impacts. Furthermore, the report should be regarded as a “ first-step”, providing a set of conservation values sourced from global data sets, and is not a substitute for further investigation and due diligence, especially concerning national and/or local conservation priorities.

Site name MON-SS-2Sept16

Latitude/Longitude 47o 58' 19" North, 106o 55' 30" East

Date generated 2nd September 2016

Generated by asiandb

Company ADB

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For ultimate accuracy, distance calculations are performed by reprojecting the spatial data (as shown through the map viewer) to an equal distance projection, and so may not match precisely the results shown on the map Protected Areas and Key Biodiversity Areas The following sites are found within the selected buffer distances: Features within 1 km

There are no features within 1 km.

Features within 5 km There are no features within 5 km.

Features within 10 km National-level protected areas

IUCN Category I-II Bogdkhan mountain 45,976 ha

Protected areas designated under regional or international conventions and agreements

UNESCO Man and Biosphere Boghd Khan mountain 42,161 ha

IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES

Given suitable habitat, the following species are potentially found close to the area of interest: Taxonomic group Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Red List category

Birds Cinereous Vulture NT

Birds Swan Goose VU

Birds Lesser White-fronted Goose VU

Birds Eastern Imperial Eagle VU

Birds Asian Houbara VU

Birds Saker Falcon EN

Birds Pallas's Fish-eagle VU

Birds Relict Gull VU

Birds Falcated Duck NT

Birds Great Bustard VU

Bivalves DD

Fishes Siberian Taimen VU

Mammals Mongolian Marmot EN

Mammals Siberian Musk Deer VU

Mammals Altai Weasel NT

Mammals Pallas's Cat NT

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Snails and Slugs DD

About IBAT The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) provides key decision-makers with access to critical information on biodiversity priority sites to inform risk management and decision-making processes that address potential biodiversity impacts. Developed through a partnership of BirdLife International, Conservation International, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), the vision of IBAT is that decisions affecting critical natural habitats are informed by the best scientific information and in turn decision makers will support the quest to collect and enhance the underlying datasets and maintain that scientific information.

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APPENDIX F: TABLE OF CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION A. PURPOSE OF THE REPORT B. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT C. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS D. ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA II. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT A. COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT RELATED PROJECT COVENANTS B. ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES III. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING A. RESPONSIBILITIES IN MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD B. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS C. SELECTED CLIMATE DATA D. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DATA E. MONITORING RESULTS AND ASSESSMENT IV. ISSUES, CORRECTIVE ACTIONS A. KEY ISSUES IDENTIFIED B. ACTION TAKEN C. PLANNED TARGETS AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM A. TYPES OF GRIEVANCE EXPECTED AND ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT B. GRM STEPS AND TIMEFRAME VI. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND TRAINING A. OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING UNDER ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD B. OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING UNDER RESETTLEMENT REQUIREMENTS VII. CONCLUSION A. OVERALL PROGRESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES B. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED AND ACTIONS RECOMMENDED APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE APPENDIX 2. TOR FOR UPDATING THE EMP APPENDIX 3. PROJECT AREA APPENDIX 4. ACTUAL OBSERVATIONS OF MONITORING PLAN DEVELOPED DURING IEE REPORT APPENDIX 5. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SUB-CENTER AREA APPENDIX 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ACCORDING TO MONGOLIAN LEGISLATION APPENDIX 7. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION PLAN /EPP/ APPENDIX 8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM DEFINED FOR PROJECT 2