monitoring and assessment in france rené lalement wis-france taskforce
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Monitoring and assessment in France René Lalement WIS-France Taskforce. Monitoring in France water quantity since 1870s ? water quality since 1971 fish since 1993 Multiple extensive networks. Surface water quality. Surface water quantity. Groundwater quality. Groundwater quantity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Monitoring and assessment in France
René LalementWIS-France Taskforce
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Monitoring in France• water quantity since 1870s ?• water quality since 1971• fish since 1993• Multiple extensive networks
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Surface water qualitySurface water quantity
Groundwater qualityGroundwater quantity
Pluviometry
Scale 1 : 500 000
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Current river quality network• 1700 sites• each year• basic chemicals 6 to 12 times a year in water• heavy metals + pesticides once a year in sediments on a selection of sites. • invertebrates once a year, • diatoms on half of the sites• fish populations on another network of 800 sites.
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Monitoring sites in the Loire river basinfor river quality
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Current shortcomings
Monitoring sites are located more often on large or medium rivers than on small rivers, with an overall goal for the assessment of measures taken to reduce point source pollution in urban or industrial areas.
There is presently no national network for lakes.
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
The Water Framework Directivemonitoring programme:
an opportunity • to rebuild in a consistent way all monitoring activities• to include new needs
(monitoring of lakes, better coverage of all rivers, priority substances, more biology)• to merge with other requirements (EIONet, OSPAR, MedPol, OECD/Eurostat, ...)
This presentation will focus on surface freshwater.
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Design of the WFD network for “surveillance monitoring” • Use of research results from CEMAGREF and CSP• Several steps
Step 1: set a total of 1500 sites for France (not including overseas districts)
Step 2: use a key based on river basin area and river lengths to compute the number per district Total AG AP LB RM RM&C SN
Current network 1713 284 196 280 250 260 443Future network 1500 340 45 417 112 395 214
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Step 3: within a hydrographic district, use a river size stratification (XS to XL)
Rule: compute the minimum number of sites in each stratum to guarantee that the uncertainty on the ammonium parameter (identified to have the greatest variability) be less than 10%.
This had to be tuned in some districts when upper size strata do not occur.
XS S M L XLLoire-Bretagne 76% 7% 4% 2% 1%
XS S M L XL30% 25% 20% 12.5% 12.5%
Loire-Bretagne 126 105 80 49 49
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Step 4: consider the water body type
in every district and in every size stratum, the number of monitoring sites has been distributed among the ecological types, according to the total river length in each type,
leading for instance to 2 sites in small rivers of armorican type (in Britanny).
Step 5: use the local knowledge of the conditions to locate the sites, to ensure the best representativeness.
Once defined, this monitoring network will be immutable.
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Tuning monitoring parameters and frequencies
1 (or less) / management plan (every 6 yrs, once): hydromorphological elements
2 / management plan (every 3 yrs, once a year): other pollutants and pesticides, in sediment
2 / management plan (every 3 yrs, 4 times a year): other pollutants and pesticides, in water
2 / management plan (every 3 yrs, monthly): priority substances
6 / management plan (every year, once): biological quality elements
6 / management plan (every year, 6 times a year): basic chemicals (O2, nutrients, TOC, ...).
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
CostsThe estimated cost of the surveillance monitoring programme is• 77 M€ for rivers and • 8M€ for lakes
for a management plan, or • 50 k€ for rivers • 40 k€ for lakes
per site for a management plan, or• 150 €/km2 (rivers and lakes), or • 150 €/km (rivers).
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Design of operational monitoringOperational monitoring is intended for water bodies which may fail to meet their environmental objectives in 2015, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of policies.
It will apply to water bodies to which the river basin management plan does not assign a good status objective in 2015, but:• an extended deadline (2015, 2021), • or a less stringent objective
The full design of the monitoring network, including operational monitoring, will be completed along with the first management plan, in 2008-2009.
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Water quality assessment in France• 1971 Water Quality Grid• 1999 Water Quality Evaluation System (SEQ-eau)• 2007 Water Status Evaluation System
needed for:• Knowledge• Water management• Policy assessment• Accountability
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
1971 Water Quality Gridbased on 13 physico-chemical determinants• 3 thresholds for every determinant
• leads to 4 classes: high, good, poor, bad• the worst determinant wins• still has a regulatory scope (for setting objectives in the current river basin management plans)• ... but too « multipurpose », no ecology
BOD5 in mg/l O2 < 3 3 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 25
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
SEQ-eau• an assessment framework, • with several instances:• rivers, lakes, coastal waters, groundwaters, ...
• use-oriented• uses: drinking water, leisure, irrigation, livestock watering, aquaculture + aquatic life
• based on 15 suitability indicators• Indicators computed from 135 determinants• matrices: • determinants X indicators (computed from)• uses X indicators (significant for)• determinants X classes (threshold values)
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Results in • a class of suitability for each use • an index (and class) for overall quality
For each indicator, the worst determinant wins
For each use, the worst indicator wins
For each determinant, apply the percentile 90 rule to multiple samples (not the average)
... an in depth assessment for uses, but little ecology : independant of « ecotype » !
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Water body status evaluation system
required by the Water Framework Directive
chemical status based on environmental quality standards
ecological statusbased on • type-specific reference conditions• indicators for relevant quality elements• ecological quality ratios (observation/reference)• division of the scale into 5 classes• intercalibration of high/good and good/moderate boundaries
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
Biological quality elements
biological indicators should be made “WFD-compatible” by introducing the water body type in their definition• IBGN (Standard global biological index) for benthic invertebrates, • IBD (Diatom biological index)• IPR (River fish index) – defined to be type-dependant
UNSD Voorburg
Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable
Development
May 2006
Water Directorate
On the Web
Portal for public information on water:http://www.eaufrance.fr
Water information framework:http://www.sandre.eaufrance.fr
French water policy:http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr