monitoring italian volcanoes by noaa–avhrr satellite data

ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIAE VULCANOLOGIA

MONITORING ITALIAN VOLCANOES

BY NOAA–AVHRR SATELLITE DATA

C. Spinetti, M. F. Buongiorno, S. Amici, M. Silvestri,

V.Lombardo, M. Musacchio, F. Doumaz, S. Corradini

Picture Courtesy of B. Behncke


INGV REMOTE SENSING GROUP HAS BEEN ACTIVE IN THE LAST 15 YEARS IN DEVELOPING ALGORITHM TO MEASURE GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS RELATED TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES


AVHRR NOAA 12, 14, 15, 18 NOAA 17

Ch 1 (VIS) 0.58-0.68 m

Ch 2 (NIR) 0.725-1.1 m

Ch 3 (MIR) 3.55-3.9 m 1.58-1.64 m

Ch 4 (TIR) 10.3-11.3 m

Ch 5 (TIR) 11.4-12.4 m

• Antenna swath area 2000 km * 2000 km•Daily and nightly detection of

Thermal anomalies Ash cloud and plumes

• 4-6 pass day 3 satellitesNOAA 15-17-18

• NOAA-AVHRR data- Apparent reflectance, Brightness

temperature and spectral radiance- 5 channels, 1.1 km Nadir spatial

resolution

Satellite Receiving Station INGV NOAA TeraScanSatellite Receiving Station INGV NOAA TeraScan


AVO system

AVHotRR system

ADA system

DPC dedicate web

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

Storage


AVO system

Collaboration with the Alaska Volcano Observatory

Etna

Stromboli

Vulcano

Vesuvio


Hot spot detectionHot spot detection


Ch 3Ch 4

Temporal evolution of Temporal evolution of brightness temperaturebrightness temperature


Hotspot detection tested during 2006 Mt. Etna eruptionHotspot detection tested during 2006 Mt. Etna eruption

Alarm Correctness

- Works well on night hotspots

Almost 100% effective at > 25°C contrast

- False alarms due to sunrise

High-contrast sunlit peaks, clouds

- False alarms due to pixel noise

Hotspot detection noise filter


Automatic routineAutomatic routinefor lava flow effusion rate estimationfor lava flow effusion rate estimation


Activity Report via E-mail


AVHRR Data Stream

Agreement with HIGP


Automated (MODVOLC-Based) Hot Pixel Detection

Subject: GOES notice for etna

From: Thermal Hotspot Algorithm

Date: Sat, 5 Jul 2008 05:20:33 -1000

To: Distribution List

Current Directory: /data/goes/etna

Current File: 05jul081159et

Area: etna 160 127 10 10

Alarm Probability: -0.8 Total Probability: -0.7

Images:

05jul081159et.b1

05jul081159et.rgb

05jul081159et.hot

05jul081159et.prob

05jul081159et.key

(1) Detection of hot spot trips on Etna trips automated email notice

(2) Links to automated image quick look products

Fires

HOT RGB

B1 KEY

(3) Operator Analysis of Raw Data (i) Image checked by operator for quality/cloud conditions

(ii) Target & background band 4 radiances extracted for all hot lava-containing pixels.

(iii) Calculate lava area using a 2-component mixture model (with hot component Temperature range of 100 to 500 °C)

(Harris et al., 1997)


Effusion ratesEffusion ratesRates derived from MODIS data (ModVolc)

Rates estimated from AVHRR data (AVHotRR)


Comparison between maximun and minimun Rates estimated from AVHRR data (AVHotRR) Rates derived from MODIS data (ModVolc)


Volcanic Ash DetectionVolcanic Ash Detection

Exctinction coefficient Simulation

- Refract index

-Effective radius 1m

- Log normal size distribution

ADAADA

Based on the different absorption between TIR channels around 11 and 12 m [Prata, 1989; Wen and Rose, 1994]

22-7-06 05:39 GMT 24-11-06 13:01 GMT


Date and timeGMT

Plume direction Ash in air maximum extension

Length - Width

Plume maximum altitude

24 - 11 - 0615:14

S 18 Km – 2 Km 4300 - 4500 m asl

24 - 11 - 0613:01

SE 54 Km -30 Km 4700 - 4900 m asl

24 - 11 - 0611:20

SE 83 Km - 16 Km 4900 - 5400m asl

24 - 11 - 0610:02

SE 45 Km – 5 Km 4900 - 5400m asl

24 - 11 - 068:22

SE 18 Km – 3 Km 4300 - 4500 m asl

Volcanic ash in air informationVolcanic ash in air information


Volcanic ash loadingVolcanic ash loading

Date and timeGMT

AOT mean Reff mean Total mass

4 - 9 - 2007

20:35

1 ± 0.2 2.5 ± 0.5μm 260 ± 100 t

Ash plume detected

BTD Alghorithm application

Retrieval of ash mass


INGV CT INGV CT Operative RoomOperative Room

ER calculation Avhotrr Modvolc

Hot Spot detection

Volcanic ash detection DPC DPC

Synthesis RoomSynthesis Room

Observation ReportObservation Report

2006 Etna increase of

explosive events

Volcanic ash information has

been sent 2 time per day

Satellite Satellite derivedderived information information

Fontanarossa Airport Fontanarossa Airport


DPC dedicated web interfaceDPC dedicated web interface


MT. ETNA July 2006 (Lava flow)

MT. ETNA September to December 2006(Lava flow and explosive activity)

STROMBOLI February to March 2007 (Lava flow and paroxysm)

MT. ETNA November 2007(explosive activity)

MT. ETNA ongoing 2008 from May(explosive activity and lava flow)

Volcanological and remote sensing observation reports are available on ‘monitoring volcanoes’

http:\\www.ingv.it

Experienced eruptionsExperienced eruptions


Vesuvius eruption simulation Vesuvius eruption simulation Mesimex Mesimex ((OctoberOctober 2006) 2006)

INGV OVINGV OVDPC Blog DPC Blog


No conclusions but future workNo conclusions but future workUpdating System in a Multimission ReceiverUpdating System in a Multimission Receiver

Seviri 24-11-2006 4-16 GMTSeviri 24-11-2006 4-16 GMTModis 24-11-2006 12:20 GMTModis 24-11-2006 12:20 GMT

monitoring italian volcanoes by noaa–avhrr satellite data

Documents

hot lava

lava flowvolcanological

lava area

lava flowmt

etna ongoing

avhrr data avhotrr rates

modis data modvolcrates

explosive activitystromboli