Wenxi Zhu, Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Rusty Brainard, Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone, Suchana Apple Chavanich, Tan Shau Hwai etc.

IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO

Phuket, Thailand , 29-31 August 2016

What we have done?Brief on the 1st, 2nd and 3th WESTPAC Workshop on

Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems

9th International Scientific Symposium

IOC/WESTPAC

“A Healthy Ocean for Prosperity in the Western Pacific: Scientific Challenges and Possible Solutions”

22-25 April 2014Sheraton Hotel, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam

2

• To share existing and proposed ocean acidification monitoring and research approaches, methods, and techniques;

• To improve the understanding, and develop regional capability of research and long-term monitoring on ocean acidification in the Western Pacific and its adjacent regions; and

• To identify challenges, gaps and explore the possibility, building on existing coral reef monitoring initiatives, of a joint long-term monitoring and associated research program on the impacts of ocean acidification on coral reefs in the region.

Objectives of the 1st workshop (19-21 January 2015)

35 participants 4 experts from NOAA 1 expert from WHOI (USA)

Expectation of outcome: To provide the standard operational guideline/manual for OA monitoring in

the region Active participate and implement the OA activities in WESTPAC member

countries and sharing information in the region Cooperation with other partner in the member countries and international

ocean acidification network such as Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) etc.

Searching for long term support and work with partners such as NOAA, university (in and out the region), and experts

Structure of the 1st workshop

• Session 1: Setting the Scene• Session 2: OA research and monitoring status in the region• Session 3: Approaches and challenges• Session 4: Breakout session• Session 5: Brainstorming on the way forward• Session 6: Recommendations and conclusions

OA research and monitoring status

• Bangladesh: very limited• Cambodia: not yet conducted• China: just started in-situ monitoring at limited areas• Indonesia: limited research and laboratory experiments• Korea: on a certain level with focus on OA effects on oyster• Malaysia: on a certain level with focus on corals and bivalves• Philippines: on a certain level with focus on corals• Thailand: on a certain level• Vietnam: not yet conducted

Approaches and challenges

• Case Study: NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program, particularly its Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program

Breakout sessions• Physical/chemical group:

• developed a draft outline for carbonate monitoring in the region,• mapping existing capacity for carbonate chemistry analysis,• identification of capacity building requirements

CLASS PARAMETERS DEPLOYMENT ANALYSIS NO. OFSTATION

FREQUENCY(NO. PER

YEAR)

OTHERS / COMMENTS

3 25 stratified random water samples at surface (top 1m) & bottom (DIC, TA), moored MapCO2buoy (or equivalent to provide continuous measurements of carbonate chemistry, pCO2 and pH)• Disease and abnormality of corals/health condition of corals (includes bleaching) 3• Microbial community (patogenic or non-patogenic?) 3

2 Diurnal water sampling every 4 hours (for a few days)Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) to measure crytobiota diversity -9-12 unitsCalcification Accretion Units (CAUs) to measure rates of production of calcium carbonate’ – 4 sets of 5Bioerosion Measurement Units (BMUs) to measure rates of bioerosion- 4 sets of 5Subsurface Temperature Recorders at 1m, 5m, 15m, 25m- 12 coral cores- photoqradrat transect- Rugosity measurements- Microbial diversity and abundance- Standard Pacific RAMP biological monitoring of abundance, diversity and condition of fish,

corals, macroinvertebrates, algae• Coral recruitment 2• Coral growth/calcification rate 2• Calcium carbonate Accretion rate 2• Photographic transect (techniques for archive) 2• Bioerosion 2

1 STR (Subsurface Temperature Recorder)• Biodiversity (species richness, abundance)o Fish 1 Invertebrates of importance to fisheries (sea cucumber, sea urchins, molluscs, crustaceans

etc.) communities 1Coral growth/calcification rate 1Calcium carbonate Accretion rate 1Photographic transect (techniques for archive) 1

0 Water samples (refer the top parameter)• Benthic Cover 0o Live coral cover o Community composition (on the surface) –general classification Any key species?

Indicator species?o Coralline and macroalgae cover

• Biodiversity (species richness, abundance) Invertebrates of importance to fisheries (sea cucumber, sea urchins, molluscs, crustaceans

etc.) communities 0 • Use of the reef 0• Level of protection (eg. Marine park, no-take zone) 0

Antropogenic use DescriptionLevel of Protection

Other Biological Communities Level of Usage

BenthicsFish

Other prioritized list Indicator species (lobsters, conch etc.)

BIOLOGICAL GROUPCOUNTRY: …………….

• Bangladesh: Saint Martin’s Island• China:

Weizhou IslandEast coast, Hainan Island

• Malaysia:Bidong IslandCape Racardo

• Indonesia:Pari islandMataram site in Kodek Bay

• Philippines:Bolinao, PangasinanLian, BatangasSablayan, Occidental MindoroTaytay, RizalMactan, CebuSamal Is., off Davao CitySan Juan, SiquijorBongao, Tawi-Tawi

• Thailand:Ko Racha Yai (Island)Ko Miang (Island)Sameasan (Island)

• Vietnam:Nha Trang BayPhu Quoc Island

(20° 37' 38.12" N, 92° 19' 21.28” E)

(21° 1' 19.20" N, 109° 4' 37.20" E)(19° 16' 23.88“ - 19° 58' 59.88" N,110° 39' 24.12“ - 110° 59' 26.52" E)

(5° 37' 18.36" N, 103° 4' 19.55" E)(2° 27' 31.10" N, 101° 50' 48.08" E)

(5° 51' 40.21" S, 106° 35' 48.59" E)(8° 23' 19.06" S, 116° 6' 13.96" E)

(16° 26' 16.39" N, 119° 56' 46.13" E)(13° 59' 46.40" N, 120° 37' 23.23" E)(12° 51' 2.3826" N, 120° 46' 31.3572" E)(10° 54' 42.86" N, 119° 31' 51.86" E)(10° 17' 6.8028" N, 124° 0' 4.4568" E)(07° 09' 47.40" N, 125° 40' 54.68" E)(9° 10' 31.2342" N, 123° 27' 42.1416" E)(5° 2' 46.536" N, 119° 44' 21.534" E)

(07º 35' 40.4" N, 98º 22' 7.5" E)(08º 33' 41" N, 97º 38' 26" E)(07° 11' 83.7" N, 13° 93' 46.9" E)

(12° 00’ - 12° 45’ N, 109° 15' - 109° 30' E)(09° 45’ - 10° 30’ N, 103° 55' - 104° 05' E)

Conclusions

• Analyse the current monitoring capacity• Identify common monitoring methods• Develop a consistent, comparable &

cost-effective “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)”

To assist, through capacity building, pilot sites to develop a “Standard Operating Procedure” for ocean acidification monitoring, building upon their existing reef monitoring systems/capacity.

the 2nd training workshop (26-28 August 2016)

30 participants 3 experts (NOAA), 1 expert (Scripps

Institute of Oceanography)

What has been learnt at the 2nd workshop

• Introduction to CO2 Chemistry in seawater• Measuring Carbon Dioxide Parameters for Ocean Acidifi

cation Observing Systems• Introduction on how to use CO2SYS• Introduction to monitoring of biological parameters• Monitoring bioerosion• Monitoring accretion and calcification

• Monitoring biodiversity

• Globally coordinated ocean acidification observation andIOC-UNESCO's role in GOA-ON

Parameter to be Monitored

ParameterName SamplingMethod AnalyticalMethodology Description SOPLink

Fish Transect, Stationary Point Count, etc NCRMP Plan; CRED SOP Fish Biological Monitoring: Abundance, size, biomass

Benthic Transect, Photoquad NCRMP Plan; CRED SOPBenthic Biological Monitoring: Includes bleaching, disease, coral recruitment (size class), macroinvertebrate

Water_TA Stratified Random, Diurnal Sampling Stratified Random Sampling

Water_pCO2Stratified Random, Diurnal Sampling, Continuous Sensor

Water_pHStratified Random, Diurnal Sampling, Continuous Sensor

Spectrophotometric pH, Electrode

Water_DIC Stratified Random, Diurnal Sampling

Water_NutrientsStratified Random, Diurnal Sampling, Continuous Sensor

Water_O2Stratified Random, Diurnal Sampling, Continuous Sensor

Temperature Temp. Logger Subsurface Temperature Recorders

Salinity SBE19?

Carbonate Net Accretion Calcification Accretion Unit CAU SOPCalcification Accretion Units (CAUs) to measure rates of production of calcium carbonate’

Bioerosion Rate Bioerosion Monitoring Unit BMU SOPBioerosion Measurement Units (BMUs) to measure rates of bioerosion

Cryptobiota diversity Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure ARMS SOPAutonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) to measure crytobiota diversity

Coral Growth RateMassive coral coring, bouyant weight, bands CT scan… Coral Cores

Rugosity Chain? RugosityMicrobial Composition Microbial community (patogenic or non-patogenic?) 3

Total Alkalinity Working GroupDr. Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone TA Lead Initiate discussion on regional capacity/equipmentDr. Somkiat Khokiattiwong Co-Lead Draft Procedure Ready for Testing: Dec 15, 2015.Dr. Adrienne Sutton Testing Reporting: March 2016?Prof. Andrew DicksonDr. Muhammad LukmanProf. Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury

Overall IOC/WESTPAC Technical Manual Working Group

Spectrophotometric pH Working GroupDr. Somkiat Khokiattiwong Spec-pH Lead Draft Procedure Ready for Testing: Dec 15, 2015.Dr. Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone Co-LeadDr. Adrienne SuttonProf. Andrew DicksonDr. Muhammad LukmanProf. Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury

Biology Working GroupDr. Suchana Apple Chavanich Lead Finalize SOPs: Dec 15, 2015?Dr. Aileen Tan Shau Hwai Co-LeadNOAA CREDProf. M. Shahadat HossainDr. Patrick CabaitanDr. Vo Si Tuan

Carbonate Collection and Handling SOP Working Group

Results of the Workshop:

Implementation of ARM including monitor key aspects of coral reef

Monitor pH and TA following SOP which provide by expert team

Participants propose pilot sites in the WESTPAC region The expert in the region agree to draft the manual for

biodiversity monitoring by using ARM method and carbonate chemistry analysis method

Results of the Workshop:

: Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems (29-31 August 2015, Phuket, Thailand):

30 participants 2 experts (NOAA), 1 expert (1 from IOC), and 2

from the region

Hand on Training

: Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems (29-31 August 2015, Phuket, Thailand):

30 participants 2 experts (NOAA), 1 expert (1 from IOC), and 2

from the region

Technical Aspects: To brief on the latest development on GOA-ON and

other OA related activities; To report on the progresses have been made since the

2nd workshop by the participants on their proposed pilot sites;

To will review and test the draft SOPs through expert discussions, and hands on either in field or at laboratory, in order to finalize the regional SOPs for monitoring the ecological impacts of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems;

Tentative plan for the next intersessional period.

: Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems (29-31 August 2015, Phuket, Thailand):

Hand on the ARM processes:

: Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems (29-31 August 2015, Phuket, Thailand):

Hand on the pH and TA measurement:

: Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems (29-31 August 2015, Phuket, Thailand):

Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for OA study of the WESPTPAC : Total Alkalinity (method use by PMBC) Spectrophotometric pH (further review by expert) Biology Working (further review) Carbonate Collection and Handling SOP (include in the

pH and TA SOP)

“Advancing Ocean Knowledge，Fostering Sustainable Development:

from the Indo-Pacific to the Globe”

17-20 April 2017, Qingdao,Chinahttp://www.iocwestpac10.com

iocwestpac10@fio.org.cn; iocwestpac10@yahoo.com

Session and Workshop on Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean

Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems

Session C14: Ocean Acidification and It’s Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

Co-Convenors: Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Rusty Brainard, Maria Lourdes San-Diego-McGlone

10th WESTPAC International Marine Science Conference, April 2017, Qingdao, China

Workshop on the WESTPAC Regional Ocean Acidification Observing Network

10th WESTPAC International Marine Science Conference, April 2017, Qingdao, China

RTSC-MarBest on Biodiversity (DNA analysis)

Indonesia, 25 Sep. – 6 Oct. 2017

National WS on Carbonate Chemistry and

Biodiversity (DNA analysis), Thailand Thailand,13 –

17 November 2017

Workshop on finalize SOP, 12-13 December 2017

Workshop on OA Thailand, 14-15 December 2017