monkey biz-ness down in tennessee semla annual meeting october 13, 2006 columbus state university...
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Monkey Biz-nessDown in Tennessee
SEMLA Annual MeetingOctober 13, 2006
Columbus State University
presented by
Grover Baker, LibrarianThe Center for Popular Music
Middle Tennessee State University
The Center for Popular Music
A Tennessee Board of Regents
Center of Excellenceat
Middle Tennessee State University
Founded in 1985 Paul Wells, Director
One of sixteen Centers of Excellence in TBR system
Mission:To foster research and scholarship in American popular music, and to promote an appreciation of America’s diverse musical culture.
The Center for Popular Music
Research library and archive
• Open to all researchers
• Reading Room hours– Monday-Friday,
9:00-4:00• Phone
– 615-898-2449• Appointments
– not needed– advisable at times
• Non-circulating collections
• Reproduction– copyright– condition
Access and use
Website: http://popmusic.mtsu.edu/
Publications, media productions, exhibits
• lectures
• symposia
• conferences
• concerts
Public programs
• Music as an aspect of American culture and commerce
• Historical depth; materials from 18th century to the present
• Broad representation of all genres of American vernacular music, both sacred and secular
• Focus on:o Rock and its rootso Vernacular religious musico Music of the region
Scope of collection
• Reference collection of books about music– biographies, discographies,
historical and critical works, reference sources, academic journals
• Music in various formats– recordings, sheet music,
broadsides, song books, hymnals• Related primary source materials
– photographs, playbills, posters, trade catalogs, manuscript collections
Three broad categories of materials
10,000 volumes• historical and critical
works• biographies• discographies• reference sources• serials• all genres• music industry
sources
Reference collection
• Print media– Single song: Sheet
music & broadsides– Multiple songs: Song
books & songsters
• Recordings– Cylinders– Discs: 78, 45 & 33 1/3
rpm– Cassette tapes– Compact discs
Music, fixed and sold as a commodity
• Early American sheet music• Goldstein collection of song
broadsides• Blackface minstrelsy• Confederate imprints• Tennessee imprints• Show and motion picture
music
65,000 pieces of sheet music
Song broadsides
• NEH preservation and access grant
• Over 3,300 broadsides scanned
• Catalog records enhanced
• Full text of lyrics entered and searchable
• Website in progress
Broadside digitization project
• Moffatt collection of 18th century British imprints
• Goldstein collection of pocket songsters
• Hymnals and gospel songbooks
• Personality folios• Instrumental
tutors
7,500 songbooks
• Cylinders to compact discs
• Commercial releases• Field recordings • Oral history
160,000 sound recordings
• Minstrel and blackface performers
• Nashville area club performances
• 19th century theater• Gospel and jubilee
programs
Posters, Playbills & Programs
• Publicity stills• Community bands• Music in the home• Public performances• Instruments • Music and religion
Photographs
• Instruments• Recordings• Printed
music• Recording
equipment• Playback
equipment
Trade catalogs
• Personal papers • Manuscript
music• Business
records• Diaries• Scrapbooks
Manuscripts
• Music about Tennessee and Tennessee history
• Music of Tennesseans
• Products and people of the music business in Tennessee
Tennessee materials at CPM
Songs of battles, generals, events, the home front
• Sheet music, including binders’ volumes
• Broadsides• Songbooks
Exhibits with Stones River National Battlefield
The Civil War in Tennessee
19th century parlor music -- Rags and blues – Gospel -- Music Row Hits
Tennessee music imprintsSheet music
Tennessee music imprintsHymnals and gospel songbooks
• National, regional, and local labels
• LPs, CDs, and singles• Country and rock
wannabes• Documentation of local
musical traditions
Tennessee record labels
Brad McCuen papers
Baldwin Opry Photos
Related TennesseeMusic business collections
• 1,500 recordings• 600 pieces of
sheet music• Songbooks• Movie and concert
posters
Chronicles the people and eventsof Tennessee history by focusing on how Tennessee is thematically represented in music.
John S. Mitchell Collectionof Tennessee Music
• music inspired by or directly related to the Scopes Monkey Trial
• broadened to include any sheet music with a theme of:
– evolution– monkeys/apes
Sheet music – 55 itemsRecordings – 35 items
Scopes trial subgroup
VO L U N T E E R VO I C E S
“build a free, full-text searchable electronic database of 10,000
unique and historically significant items from Tennessee libraries,
museums, and other repositories... [connecting those] libraries,
museums, and archives throughout Tennessee directly to teachers,
students, researchers, and others.” www.volunteervoices.org
Growth of Democracy in Tennessee1. Frontier migration/experiments in representative democracy.2. Jacksonian democracy and Tennessee’s leadership role in the early
republic.3. Anti-democratic impulses: slavery, free people of color, and removal of
Native Americans.4. Debate over slavery and the Secession Crisis, and the Civil War: Tennessee
as a uniquely divided border state.5. Reconstruction and the freedmen: appearance of hitherto undocumented
people in legal records; the fastening of sharecropping on the countryside.6. Taxation and the narrowing of the franchise: “Jim Crow” laws and poll tax.7. Utopian Impulses of the 19th century such as Nashoba, Ruskin, and Rugby.8. New South period and the industrialization of Tennessee.9. Women’s suffrage and Tennessee’s pivotal role in passage of the 19th
Amendment.10.Boss Crump, prohibition, and machine politics in Tennessee.11.Scopes trial, rise of fundamentalism, and public education.12.Tennessee Valley Authority and ‘grass roots democracy.’13.Oak Ridge and the WWII effort in Tennessee.14.Civil rights movement in Tennessee: Highlander School, voter registration
in Fayette County, and Nashville sit-ins.15.Modern Times in Tennessee: papers of modern politicians, media sources,
current census data.
Scopes Trial Subgroup
• music inspired by or directly related to the Scopes Monkey Trial
• broadened to include any sheet music with a theme of:– evolution– monkeys/apes
Sheet music – 55 itemsRecordings – 35 items
John S. Mitchell Collection of Tennessee Music
The Process…Beginning
• retrieved 55 pieces of sheet music• examined each for relevance• identified pieces to be included
55 total pieces7 photocopies
27 monkey songs21 Scopes/evolution songs
Copyright Terms
1 Under the 1909 Act, works published without notice went into the public domain upon publication.
DATE OF WORK
PROTECTED FROM TERM
Published before 1923
In public domain
None
Published from
1923-63
When published
with notice1
28 years + could be renewed for 47 years, now extended by 20 years for a total renewal of 67 years. If
not so renewed, now in public domain
Published from
1964–77
When published
with notice
28 years for first term; now automatic extension of 67
years for second term
Table by Lolly Gasaway http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/public-d.htm
The Process…Determining Copyright
Status4 published before 1923
(ready for scanning)
16 published between 1923 – 1963
(check for renewals)
1 published between 1964 – 1977
(not included)
The Process… Checking for Renewals
• http://www.copyright.gov/records/Search registrations and renewals since
1978
• http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/1/8/0/11800/11800-8.zip U.S. Copyright Renewals 1950 – 1977
(Does not include musical works!)
• U.S. Copyright Office Catalog of Copyright Entries... Pt. 5, Music…1891-1977
(microfilm)
The Process… Checking for Renewals
1925 year © registered+ 28 original term1953 renewal year
• To be safe, searched 1951 – 1955
The Process…Determining Copyright
Status
The Process…Determining Copyright
Status
The Process… Checking for Renewals
1925 year © registered+ 28 original term1953 renewal year
• To be safe, searched 1951 – 1955
• Found copyright renewals for 5
• Began scanning remaining 11
The Process… Searching for Copyright
Holders– Music Publishers’ Association of the United States (http://www.mpa.org/) Searchable directories of music publishers and their imprints.
– WATCH File (http://tyler.hrc.utexas.edu/) Database of copyright contacts for writers, artists, and prominent figures in other creative fields.
– ASCAP’s ACE Title Search (http://www.ascap.com/ace/) Database of song titles licensed by ASCAP in the United States.
– BMI Repertoire Search (http://www.bmi.com/search/) Search BMI’s repertoire of > 6.5 million registered works.
– SESAC Repertory (http://www.sesac.com/repertory/repertory_ main.asp) Search the SESAC repertory database.
The Process… Orphan Works
• copyrighted works whose owners may be impossible to identify and locate.
U.S. Copyright Office Report on Orphan Works (http://www.copyright.gov/orphan/)
• perform a good faith, reasonably diligent search for the copyright owner
• provide attribution to the author and copyright owner
The Process… Metadata
Don't Make a Monkey out of Me
Hodgson B. C.
Knoxville, TNVolunteer Pub. Co.1925
EvolutionScopes, John Thomas -- Trials,
litigation, etc.Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882TennesseeDayton (Tenn.)
Now the air is full of language it surely is a sight,
What is this evoloution [sic] and is it wrong or right?
They say we sprang from monkeys, why blame it on the monk,
But lots of folks will hope that this is just a lot of bunk
ChorusPlease don't make a monkey out of me,I never had that kind of pedigree,Mister Darwin may be right and daddy's
tail was long,But way down South in Tennessee they think
that he's dead wrongWhen our folks lived way up in a tree,They surely were in high societyThat evolution line is just a monkey
shine,Please don't make a monkey out of me.
When the wise men get together and find out what is true
Why maybe then we'll all have to go back to the zoo
We'll live up in the tree tops and have no use for huts
And all day long we'll sing a song and feed on cocoanuts
ChorusPlease don't make a monkey out of me,I think that's just a piece of crueltySomewhere coming down the line we had an
accidentetc…
The Process… Digitization
Microtek ScanMaker 9600XL•12" x 17" scanner•1200 x 600 dpi•36-bit color depth, 12-bit grayscale
Original documents scanned at 600 ppi
The Process… Creating Derivative Images
1 A note suggested excluding the extra large images if control over print versions was expected to be an issue. Since there may be copyright restrictions, the extra large images will not be created.
Derivative images were created using Adobe® Photoshop®
Purpose Resolution Long Side
Thumbnail 72 ppi 200 ppi
Default Access 72 ppi 600 ppi
Large 72 ppi 800 ppi
Extra Large1 72 ppi 1000 ppi
Digital Library Center Digitization Standards and Procedures
University of Tennessee Knoxvillehttp://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dlc/techdocs/UT_DigitizationStandards2004.pdf
The Process… Creating Derivative Images
000227-TENN-01.tif
Original TIFFsResolution = 600 ppi
Large JPEGs (-lg.jpg)Resolution = 72 ppiLong side = 800 ppi
Default JPEGs (-def.jpg)
Resolution = 72 ppiLong side = 600 ppi
Thumbnail JPEGs (-thumb.jpg)
Resolution = 72 ppiLong side = 200 ppi
000227-TENN-02.tif 000227-TENN-03.tif 000227-TENN-04.tif 000227-TENN-05.tif 000227-TENN-06.tif
The Results…
The Results…
Lessons Learned
• Search for copyright extensions first
• Read the descriptive information before using a resource
• Most online databases do not contain the complete catalog of works
Lessons Learned
• Plan to multitask while scanning
• Next to researching copyrights, creating the derivative images is the most time consuming task
• Be patient!
Thank you!Thank you!
Questions?Questions?
Monkey Biz-nessDown in Tennessee
Slides 2-27 adapted from a PowerPoint® presentation created by Paul F. Wells and Lacey Stockhem for the Center for Popular
Music
Recording Information:
“The John T. Scopes Trial,” by Carlos B. McAfee
Columbia/15037-D 10" 78 rpmVernon Dalhart
Vocalion/15094 10" 78 rpmCharlie Oaks