monolithic ic
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MMIC(Monolithic Microwave integrated circuits)
ANKIT KUMAR PANDEYM.TECH(2ND YR)ALLAHABAD UNIVERSITY
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Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIC’s)
There are three types of circuit elements that either are used in chipform or are fabricated in MIC. They are:
– Distributed transmission lines (microstrip, strip, etc.)
– Lumped elements (R, L. and C)
–Solid state devices (FETs, BJTs, diodes, etc.)
Two types of MICS are-
1. Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits (HMICs)
2. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs):
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MMIC (Monolithic Microwave integrated circuits)The world monolithic is derived from the Greek letter monos (Single) and lithos
(stone). Thus a monolithic integrated circuit is built on a single crystal.
MMICs, or Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits, are a type of integrated
circuit (IC) device that operates at microwave frequencies (300 MHz to 300 GHz).
These devices typically perform functions such as microwave mixing, power
amplification, low noise amplification, and high frequency switching.
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MMICs are dimensionally small (from around 1 mm² to 10 mm²) and
can be mass produced, which has allowed the proliferation of high
frequency devices such as cellular phones.
This makes them easier to use, as cascading of MMICs does not then
require an external matching network.
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Structure of Monolithic MIC
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Materials for Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits
Substrate material:- alumina, beryllia, ferrite/garnet, GaAs, glass, rutile
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Conducting material:- aluminum, copper, gold, silver . It should have following properties;
Dielectric films:- Al2O3, SiO, SiO2, Si3N4 and Ta2O5
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Resistive films:- Cr, Cr-SiO, NiCr, Ta and Ti
Resistive materials are used in MMIC for bias networks, terminators and attenuators.
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Advantages of MMIC
Low cost (because of the large quantities processed)
Small size
Light weight
High reliability; all components are fabricated simultaneously
and there are no soldered joints.
Improved reproducibility
Improved performance
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Disadvantages of MMIC
Processing difficulties.
Low yields because of
The effects of component tolerance & discontinuities.
Trimming after fabrication is difficult.
Inherent resistive losses.
Small size limits heat dissipation.
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Applications of MMIC
MMICs are suitable for space and military applications because they meet the requirements for shock, temperature conditions, and severe vibration. These are the major factor in the success of MMICs for development of microwave solid state devices.
Communications
Next generation compact radio
Optical and broadband microwave communications
Homeland Security Scanners
Portal security scanners
Stand-off security cameras for public places
Handheld detectors for police and special forces
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Imaging & Sensors
Missile sensors
Environmental sensing
Explosives
Medical imaging
New Applications
Automotive collision avoidance radar
Airport runway debris detection
Helicopter & aircraft blind landing systems
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References;RFIC and MMIC Design and Technology published by
the IEE (London) ISBN 0-85296-786-1Practical MMIC Design published by Artech House
ISBN 1-59693-036-5 Author S. P. Marsh