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Monroe College Spanish 2 Students Present: An
Exhaustive and Comprehensive Dictionary
of Pronominal Verbs in Spanish Translated into
English
Spanish 2, 2nd Semester , 2013 Kimberly Coneo Shana Dawson Tiffany Polite
Genesis Shannon Norris Terrero
Jelica Thompson
Table of Content
Preface Letter A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter C……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter D ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter E ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter F ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter G ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter H ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter J ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter K ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter L ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter M ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter N ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter O ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter P ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter Q ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter R ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Letter S ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter T……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter U ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter V ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter W ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter X……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter Y ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Letter Z ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
One of the most important aspects of Spanish that is RARELY, if ever, taught is the pronominal verb. This particular point of Spanish must understood; otherwise, the language will ALWAYS remain incomprehensible. Pronominal verbs can be divided into several categories:
1) reflexive meaning the action is done by the subject to/on him/herself: bañarse lavarse cortarse afeitarse penarse vestirse ensuciarse irse (to get oneself + infinitive) hacerse
2) reciprocal meaning
to do to each other or one another (used frequently w/ the expression el uno al otro or los unos a los otros) escribirse (to write each other or one another) hablarse (to talk to each other or one another)
3) pronominal verbs w/ inanimate subjects
form of the verb in Spanish which corresponds to the English intransitive form (an action which is limited to the subject/ does not take a direct object.
me/te/le/nos/os/les used to indicate ownership or disclaim responsibility
curarse (Se curó solo.) It got better on its own. hundirse (Se hundió el barco) The boat sank. quemarse (Se ha quemado el pan) The bread got burnt. romperse (Se me va a romper) It’s going to break. perderse (Se nos perdió) We got lost. olvidarse (Se me olvidó) It is forgotten. Caerse (se le cayó) It fell.
3) pronominalization and intransitivity
to change a transitive verb into an intransitive verb acabar (to finish) acabarse (to end) acostar (to put s.o. to bed) acostarse (to go to bed) casar (to marry) casarse (to get married) despertar (to wake s.o. up) despertarse (to wake up)
enamorar (to make s.o. fall in love) enamorarse (to fall in love) perder (to lose) perderse (to get lost)
vaciar (to empty/ transitive) vaciarse (to empty/intran.)
4) pronominalization and changes of meaning understanding Spanish idiomatically
pronominalized form of verb sometimes expresses an idiomatic modification of the non-‐pronominal form
meter (to put in) -‐se (to get in, to interfere) presentar (to introduce people) -‐se (to appear unexpectedly) tirar (to throw, pull) -‐se (to jump) empeñar (to pawn or pledge) -‐se en (to insist on doing sthg.) negar (to deny) -‐se (to refuse to do sthg.) ir (to go) -‐se (to go away) bajar (to go down/ lower (price)) -‐se (to go or take down) subir (to go up/ raise (price)) -‐se (to run or climb up)
5) pronominalization and changes of meaning
The difference in pronominalized and non-‐pronominalized form of the verb can also sometimes be so subtle that the difference can not be easily translated bajar (to get out) -‐se (to descend) salir (to leave) -‐se (to walk out) subir (to go up) -‐se (to go up) escaper(to escape/ figurative) -‐se (to escape)
6) verbs of motion and pronominalization
Verbs of motion are made into a pronominal verb to add an extra layer of nuance. The verbs ir and irse could serve as excellent examples. The difference between ir and irse, although not great, is significant to the point that for many grammarians, they are considered two different verbs:
ir (to go to a destination) -‐se (to leave or go from a place) subir (to go up) -‐se (to go, climb or run up) caer (de) (to fall (from)) -‐se (to drop, fall down or over) escapar (to escape/only figurative) –se (to escape/ literal) llegar (to arrive) -‐se (to approach/ go or pop over) marchar (to march) -‐se (to leave or depart a place)
Aa
Abalanzar to rush or surge toward
Abalanzarse
to hurl oneself forward or toward Abaratar
(price) To reduce, to lower, to cut, to make cheaper
Abaratarse
(costo/ product) To drop, to come down, to become cheaper
Abatararse
(confudirse) To get flustered (acobardarse) to lose one’s nerve
Abatir
(derribar: avión/ pájaro) To bring down (muro/ edificios) to knock or pull down, to demolish
(árbol) to fell, to cut down to stamp out, to eradicate (abatir a tiros) to gun down (deprimir/ entristecer) to depress, to feel low, to distress
Abatirse
(deprimirse) To get depressed (desgracia) to befall on something or someone (pájaro/ avión) to swoop down on to fall victim to, to be plunged into, to strike, to hit
Ablandar
(cera/ cuero/ carne) to soften, to tenderize, to make tender (persona/ corazon) to soften, to melt
Ablandarse
(cera/ cuero/ carne) to go soft, to get softer (persona) to give in, to relent (mirada) to soften
abonar (pagar: cantidad. honorarios) to pay
(depositar) to credit, to deposit
(dar a cuenta) to give (sthg.) on account (avalar: hipótesis) to lend weight to, to give or lend credence to (tierra/ campo) tierra
abonarse
(a un espectáculo) to subscribe to a season ticket (a una revista) to subscribe
acabar to finish
(acabar de + infinitive) to have finished + present participle (acabar de + infinitivo) to have just + past participle (para acabar de arreglarlo) to top or cap it all, to make matters worse (acabar + participío presente) to end up + present participle
(acabar por + infinitivo) to end up + present participle (acabar por o en …) to end in … (acabar mal) to turn or get ugly or nasty (acabar con + una persona) to kill, to eliminate (acabar con) to ruin, to destroy, to wear out (no acabar de + infinitivo) to not be totally + past participle (no acabar de + infinitive) to just not + simple form of verb
acabarse (terminarse) to run out of
(acabarsele las fuerzas) to run out of energy or steam (no acabarse nunca) never ending or an endless job (¡esto se acabó!) That’s it! (y se acabó) and that’s that, end of story (acabarse poco a poco) to die or slip away little by little
(quedar destrozado) se acabó en ese curso – that school year or course finished him off or did him in (comer) to finish or finish up
acalambrarse (el músculo) to get cramp
acalorarse (enfadarse) to get one’s ire up, angry, worked up or hot under the collar
(sofocarse) to get hot or overheated, to be suffocating as a result of being too hot
acariciar (persona) to caress (pelo/perro) to stroke (sol/ brisa) to (idea o plan) to nurture acariciarse (a sí mismo) to caress, to stroke acarrear
(desgracia/ problema) to give rise to, to lead to, to result in
(materiales/ paquetes) to carry, to cart, to truck, to lug to mobilize (arrasar: acarrear con algo) to sweep sth. Away (robar: acarrear con algo) to make off with
acarrearse (acarréate por aca) move or come over here acartonar
to make someone withered, shriveled, wrinkled or dried-up
acartonarse
(piel/ cara) to become withered, shriveled, wrinkled or dried-up (estilo) to become stilted, wooden, stiff, labored, forced
acaserarse (Peruvian/ Chilean familiar) to become a regular customer
acatarrar (Mexican familiar) to hassle, to bother, to drive someone nuts, to bug, to drive someone up the wall
acatarrarse (resfriarse) to catch or get a cold accidentarse to have or suffer an accident acelerar
(proceso/ cambio/ paso) to speed up, to quicken, to hasten, to rush, to rev up, to accelerate
acelerarse to get over excited, to lose one’s cool, to be hopped, wound, worked whipped or wrought up acenturar
(al hablar/ intensificar) to stress, to accent, to accentuate, to emphasize
acenturarse to become accentuated, pronounced or marked
Achancharse To get fat, to put on weight
Achantar To intimidate Achantarse To back down Achaplinarse To back out Achicar (chaqueta/ vestido) To take in To daunt, to diminish one’s confidence, to I intimidate, to unnerve (agua) to bail out Achicarse
To be intimidated, bullied, belittled or daunted, to be made to feel less than or not equal to
Achicharrarse
(planta/ carne) to get scorched, singed, to be burnt to a crisp
(el sol) to be scorched, burnt, shriveled, dehydrated, wither, or desiccated to crush, to buckle, to squash
achicopalar
to intimidate, to belittle, to cow, to frighten, to scare, to fill with feel
achisparse
to get tipsy, drunk, intoxicated or tight, to be lit up or to the gills, (British) to be merry, bevied or pissed
achocarse to go a bit gaga achicopalarse
to feel or be intimidated, belittled, cowed, or scared
achoclonar to group or put together acholclonarse (palabras/ ideas) to get mixed up or confused
Achuñuscar (papel) To crumple or scrunch up
(piel/ tela) To wrinkle or (British) crumple
(papa) To shrivel up
Achuñuscarse
(papel/ tela) To get wrinkled or (British) crumpled
aclarar
(amanecer) to dawn, (día) to break, to get light
(escampar) to stop raining, to clear up (escampar: día/ tiempo) to clear up (color) to lighten
(duda) to clear up, to clarify to make clear, simple or plain, to decipher, to disambiguate (persona) to be frank with, (British) to tell someone straight, to tell someone a few home truths, to be man-to-man, candid, direct (salsa) to thin, to make thin, to make less thick or more watery (vegetación/ bosque) to clear, to remove, to clear out, to empty
(enjuagar: ropa/ vajilla) to rinse, to rinse or wash out (pelo) to rinse, to rinse out, to remove the shampoo or soap from
aclararse (pelo) to lighten, to make lighter, to dye to a lighter shade or color (la voz) to clear one’s throat, to get rid of the frog in one’s throat to understand, to get, to be clear about (llevar una borrachera que no se aclara) to be so drunk as to not know what is going on or happening (una lista) to sort the list out, to get the list straight or clear (aclararse con una máquina) to learn to use or to get a hang of a machine (tener un sueño que no aclararse) to be so tired or beat that one can not think straight (para aclararse las ideas) to get one’s ideas straight or on line
acobardar (persona) to unnerve to frighten, to dismay, to intimidate, to bully
acobardarse
to get frightened, bullied or intimidated, to become dismayed, to lose one’s nerve, to shrink or shy away, to cringe (acobardarse ante una dificultad o un obstáculo) to flinch, lose one’s nerve or cower in front of a difficulty or obstacle (acobardarse ante nada) to not be cowered, daunted or unnerved by anything
acodar (tubería) to bend something into an elbow shape (agricultura: planta/ vástago) to layer acodarse
(acodarse sobre algo) to lean one’s elbow on something
acomodar to help feel comfortable or at home, to settle
to prepare
(guest) to lodge, to accommodate
to place (in one’s position or job), to help one to get a job (theater or movie) to guide, usher or escort to a seat
(enemies) to reconcile (mechanic) to repair to suit, to match to apply to provide, to supply to adapt, to adjust, to accommodate
acomodarse
(slang/ idiomatic) to plop down to stay, to lodge, to be lodged to conform to or adapt oneself to take a job, to go into service (eyes) to accommodate to conform or to comply with a rule to dress, doll, suit, rag or deck up, to deck, rag or dog out to look after oneself, to fend for oneself
acreditar (one’s account) to credit acreditarse to achieve acusar (correspondence) to acknowledge
(culpar) to accuse, to finger, to point the finger at, to blame, to hold accountable or responsible, (Scot.) to wite
acusarse
(acusarse sobre de algo) to confess to something, to bear one’s heart about something, to admit to something
Bb Noris Terrero Babear- vi 1. To dribble, drool (AmE) To slaver, slobber
2. To mirar embelesado (Chi, Mex fam) -Bebearse- v pron reflx To dribble, drool (AmE) Bajar- vi 1. To go down 2. To descend 3. To sink 4. To come down 5. To get off 6. To get out 7. To fall 8. To fail -Bajarse- v pron reflx 1. To stoop 2. To bend over/down Balancear- vi 1. To balance 2. To roll -Balancearse- v pron reflx 1. To rock 2. To swing Bancar- vt 1. To put up with -Bancarse- v pron reflx 1. Can’t bear Bandear- vt 1. To cross -Bandearse- v pron reflx 1. To take care of oneself
Barrer- vt 1. To sweep -Barrerse- v pron reflx 1. To skid (Mex) 2. To slide Barruntar- vt 1. To suspect -Barruntarse- v pron reflx 1. To have suspicion Bastar- vi 1. To have enough -Bastarse v pron reflx 1. To be capable Batir- vt 1. To beat (eggs) 2. To whisk (eggs) 3. To whip (cream) 4. To beat; flap (wings) 5. To comb 6. To churn (butter) 7. To beat against (waves) -Batirse- v pron reflx 1. To fight a duel 2. To manage (Chi
fam) 3. To get dirty (Mex
fam) Beber- vt 1. To drink -Beberse v pron reflx 1. To drink up Beneficiar- vt 1. To benefit; be of benefit to 2. To sell (Fin) 3. To dress (AmL) 4. To extract (Chi) -Beneficiarse- v pron reflx 1. To benefit 2. To have it off with Besar- vt 1. To kiss -Besarse- v pron 1. To kiss; kiss each other
Bloquear- vt 1. To block 2. To lock 3. To obstruck -Bloquearse- v pron 1. To jam 2. To reach deadlock 3. To come to a
standstill Bañar- vt 1. To bath or give a bath 2. To plate- El añillo esta bañado en
oro; the ring is gold-plated 3. To cover- Servir la coliflor bañada
con salsa de tomate; serve the cauliflower covered with tomato sauce
4. To bathe- Su rosto bañado en la lux de la luna; Her face bathed in moonlight
-Bañarse- v pron (reflx) 1. (En la bañera) To have o take a bath, to bathe
2. (En la ducha) To shower, have or take a shower (Amen)
3. (en el mar, un rio) To swim, bathe
Bornear- vi 1. To swing at anchor -Bornearse v pron 1. To wrap 2. To bulge Borrar- vt 1. To rub out; erase 2. To white out; tippex out 3. To wipe 4. To delete 5. To blot out -Borrarse- v pron 1. To fade 2. To disappear
3. To cancel one’s membership
4. To resign 5. To split (Mex) Borronear- vt 1. To smudge -Borronearse- v pron 1. To get smudged Botar- vt 1. To launch 2. To bounce 3. To throw out; throw up 4. To fire 5. To sack 6. To ditch 7. To leave 8. To bring up 9. To knock down/over 10. To leak 11. To bounce 12. To jump 13. To lose -Botarse- v pron 1. To rush 2. To jump 3. To boil over Brindar- vi 1. To drink a toast; To toast 2. To afford 3. To dedicate -Brindarse- v pron 1. To volunteer Broncear- vt 1. To tan 2. To bronze -Broncearse- v pron 1. To get a tan/suntan; To tan one’s
face Brotar- vt 1. To sprout; come up
2. To appear 3. To rise 4. To arise 5. To break out 6. To spring up -Brotarse- v pron 1. To come out in sports 2. To break out in a rash Burlar- vt 1. To evade, get around -Burlarse- v pron 1. To make fun of Buscar- vt 1. To look for 2. To seek 3. Try to find 4. To look up 5. To collect, pick up 6. To get - Buscarse- v pron 1. To look for
Cc
Dd
Tiffany Polite 1. Dañar (non-reflexive) To damage, to harm, hurt or to spoil - Dañarse (pronominal) To get damaged, to get hurt, to spoil. Perishables- to rot, to go bad. Medicines- to hurt oneself, to do oneself harm. 2. Deber (non-reflexive) To owe - Deberse (pronominal) To be owing, due to, because of. Obligation- duty, debt. 3. Debilitar (non-reflexive) To weaken, to debilitate - Debilitarse (pronominal) To grow weaker, to weaken. 4. Decantar (non-reflexive)
To decant (liquids), to pour off. To praise. - Decantarse (pronominal) To move towards, evolve on the direction of. To show preference for. 5. Decidir (non-reflexive) To decide, persuade - Decidirse (pronominal) To decide, take the decision, to make up ones mind. To settle on, to choose. 6. Decir (non-reflexive) To say - Decirse (pronominal) To say to oneself 7. Declarar (non-reflexive) To declare, to state or to explain. - Declararse (pronominal) To make ones opinion or position known. To propose. 8. Decolorar (non-reflexive) To discolor or fade. - Decolorarse (pronominal) To get or to become discolored or faded. 9. Dedicar (non-reflexive) To dedicate, to consecrate, to autograph. - Dedicarse (pronominal) To devote oneslef to. To go in for, to take up. 10. Defender (non-reflexive) To defend, to protect, to shelter, to uphold, to
champion, to stand up for. - Defenderse (pronominal) To defend oneself, to give a good account of oneself. 11. Deformar (non-reflexive) To deform, to disfigure, to distort, to strain, to warp. - Deformarse (pronominal) To become deformed, to get disfigured, to warp. 12. Dejar (non-reflexive) To leave, to leave out, to give up, to deposit, to desert or abandon. To produce or to yield. - Dejarse (pronominal) To let oneself go. To allow oneself or to let onself be. 13. Deleitar (non-reflexive) To delight, to charm. - Deleitarse (pronominal) To delight 14. Demacrado (non-reflexive) Emaciated - Demacrarse (pronominal) To become emaciated. 15. Demorar (non-reflexive) To delay, to hold up, to hold back. - Demorarse (pronominal) To take a long time, to be slow. 16. Demudar (non-reflexive) To change or to alter.
- Demudarse (pronominal) To change or to alter. (America- to change color.) 17. Depositar (non-reflexive) To deposit, to place, to put away. - Depositarse (pronominal) To settle. 18. Depravar (non-reflexive) To deprave, corrupt. - Depravarse (pronominal) To become depraved. 19. Depreciar (non-reflexive) To depreciate, to reduce the value of. - Depreciarse (pronominal) To depreciate, to lose the value of. 20. Deprimir (non-reflexive) To depress, to press down, to lower. To humliate, to belittle. - Deprimirse (pronominal) To get depressed. 21. Derivar (Non-Reflexive) To derive. Derivative. By product. (milk) -Derivarse (Pronominal) To derive, to be derived from, to spring. 22. Derramar (Non-Reflexive) To spill to pour out, to weep or to shed. (To spill a cup of coffee) -Derramarse
To spill, to pour out, to over flow. (To fill a cup overflowing) 23. Derretir (Non-Reflexive) To melt or to thaw. -Derretirse (Pronominal) To melt, (figuratively) Ro fall in love easily. To be crazy about someone. 24. Derribar (Non-Reflexive) To knock down, pull down, to batter down or to blow down. -Derribarse (Pronominal) To fall down or to collapse. To throw oneself down 25. Derrocar (Non-Reflexive) To hurl down or knock down. To demolish. -Derrocarse (Pronominal) To throw oneself over a cliff. 26. Derrumbar (Non-Reflexive) To fling or to hurl down. -Derrumbarse (Prononminal) To fling oneself down or to collapse 27. Desabotonar (Non-Reflexive) To unbutton or undo. To blossom. -Desabotonarse (Pronominal) To come undone. 28. Desabrigar (Non-Reflexive) To remove the clothing of, to uncover. To deprive of protection.
-Desabrigarse (Pronominal) To take off ones (outer) clothing. To throw off ones’ bed cover. 29. Desabrochar (Non-Reflexive) To undo/unfasten, to loosen ones’ clothing, to penetrate or expose. -Desabrocharse (Pronominal) To confide in or to unburden oneself. 30. Desacostumbrar (Non-Reflexive) To break somebody’s habit of. -Desacostumbrarse (Pronominal) To break oneself from a habit. 31. Desacreditar (Non-Reflexive) To discredit, to bring into disrepute, to disparage, to run down. -Desacreditarse (Pronominal) To become discredited. 32. Desafilar (Non-Reflexive) To be blunt, dull. -Desafilarse (Pronominal) To get blunt. 33. Desagraviar (Non-Reflexive) To make amends. To indemnify, to apologize to, and to make amends for. -Desagraviarse (Pronominal) To get one owns back. 34. Desahogar (Non-Reflexive) To ease, relive or to vent.
-Desahogarse (Pronominal) To recover, to relax. To get out of debt/a difficulty. To let off steam or to confess. 35. Desahuciar (Non-Reflexive) To evict, to dismiss. To deprive hope of. To declare past recovery. -Desahuciarse (Pronominal) To lose all hope. 36. Desajustar (Non-Reflexive) To disarrange, to put out of order, to upset. -Desajustarse (Pronominal) To get out of order or to go wrong. To get loose or to loosen. 37. Desalar (Non-Reflexive) To clip the wing of, to remove salt from. -Desalarse (Pronominal) To rush or to hasten along. 38. Desalentar (Non-Reflexive) To make breathless or to discourage. -Desalentarse (Pronominal) To get discouraged or to lose heart. 39. Desalquilar (Non-Reflexive) To vacate or to move out of. -Desalquilarse (Pronominal) To become vacant. 40. Desangrar (Non-Reflexive) To bleed, to bleed white or to drain out.
-Desangrarse (Pronominal) To bleed to death Desazonar (Non-Reflexive)
To make tasteless, to upset, to worry.
-Desazonarse (Pronominal) To be out of sorts, to be annoyed, to worry.
Desbaratar (Non-Reflexive)
To mess up, to spoil, to ruin, to thwart, to destroy, to squander. -Desbaratarse (Pronominal) To break down, to fly off the handle.
1.
Desbaster (Non-Reflexive)
To plane, smooth. To knock the corner off of, to lick into shape. -Desbastarse (Pronominal) To acquire some polish.
2. Desbocar (Non-Reflexive)
To break the rim or the mouth of something. -Desbocarse (Pronominal) To bolt.
3. Desbordar (Non-Reflexive)
To pass or to go beyond. -Desbordarse (Pronominal) To flood, burst into banks, to overflow, to spill. To be bursting with happiness.
6. Desbravar (Non-Reflexive)
To break in, to tame -Desbravarse (Pronominal) To get less wild to lose its strength.
7. Descabezar (Non-Reflexive)
To behead, to surmount. -Descabezarse (Pronominal) To shed grain, to rack one’s brain.
8. Descacharrar (Non-Reflexive)
To bust -Descacharrarse (Pronominal) To break down.
9. Descalabrar (Non-Reflexive)
To smash, damage, to hit, to hurt, to hit on the head, to cripple, to disable. To harm, to damage. -Descalabrarse (Pronominal) To hurt one’s head.
10. Descalzar (Non-Reflexive)
To take off somebodies shoes. To remove one’s socks. -Descalazarse (Pronominal) To take off one’s shoes, to throw a shoe.
11. Descaminar (Non-Reflexive)
To misdirect, put on the wrong road, to lead astray. -Descaminarse (Pronominal) To go the wrong way, to go astray.
12. Descamisar (Non-Reflexive)
To be ragged, shabby, rag-a-muffin, down and out. -Descamisarse (Pronominal) To take off one’s shirt.
13. Descansar (Non-Reflexive)
To rest, to support lean. To tell someone you troubles. To be supported by. -Descansarse (Pronominal) To rely on someone
14. Descargar (Non-Reflexive)
To unload, to empty. To fire, to deal. To discharge, to run down. To vent, to relive. To take up. To burst, to break. -Descargarse (Pronominal) To unburden oneself, to resign, to clear oneself.
15. Descarriar (Non-Reflexive)
To misdirect, to lead astray. -Descarriarse (Pronominal) To loses one’s way, to stray, to go astray.
16. Descarrilar (Non-Reflexive)
To get derailed, to get off track. -Descarrilarse (Pronominal) To get derailed, to get off track.
17. Descartar (Non-Reflexive)
To discard, to throw away or down, to put aside, to reject, to rule out. -Descartarse (Pronominal) To discard, to excuse oneself.
18. Descascarar (Non-Reflexive)
To peel, to shell -Descascararse (Pronominal) To peel (off)
19. Descolgar (Non-Reflexive)
To take, to get down. To lower, to let down. To lift, to pick up, to lower, to let down. To unhook. -Descolgarse (Pronominal) To let oneself down, to lower oneself. To come, to rush, to slip, slide, or climb down.
20. Desconcentrar (Non-Reflexive)
To decentralize, to distract. -Desconcentrarse (Pronominal) To lose concentration, to get distracted.
Ee Kimberly Coneo
1. Echar (Non-Reflexive)
To throw, to spoil, to fire, to sack, to throw out, to expel, to mail, to post, to pull, draw, lock it, push it, to sprout, to cut, to give, to pull down, to destroy, to bring bring, to dash, to notice, realize
Echarse (Reflexive)
To throw oneself, to lie down, to put on, to break
2. Eclipsar (Non-Reflexive)
To eclipse, to outshine, eclipse
Eclipsarse (Reflexive)
To disappear
3. Ecologizar (Non-Refexive)
To make environmentally friendly
Ecologizarse (Reflexive)
To become environmentally friendly
4. Educar (Non-Reflexive)
To educate, teach, to bring up, to train
Educarse (Reflexive)
To be educated
5. Electrocutar (Non-Reflexive)
To electrocute
Electrocutarse (Reflexive)
To be electrocuted
6. Elevar (Non-Reflexive)
To raise, to increase, to elevate, to present, to submit, to give a hard time
Elevarse (Reflexive)
To climb, to gain weight, to rise, increase, to stand
7. Emanciper (Non-Reflexive)
To emancipate, free, set free, give his/her freedom, liberate
Emanciparse (Reflexive)
To become emancipated, to gain independence
8. Embadurnar (Non-Reflexive)
To smear
Embadurnarse (Reflexive)
To plaster oneself
9. Embalar (Non-Reflexive)
To pack, to get a move on
Embalarse (Reflexive)
Raced, dashed off
10. Embacar (Non-Reflexive)
To board, to embark, board, let down
Embacarse (Reflexive)
To board, embark, get on
11. Embarrancar (Non-Reflexive)
To get bogged down, get stuck in the mud
Embarrancarse (Reflexive)
To run aground, to get bugged down, get stuck in the mud
12. Embarrar (Non-Reflexive)
To cover in mud, to mess up, to mess things up
Embarrarse (Reflexive)
To get covered in mud
13. Embarullar (Non-Reflexiv)
To muddle, confuse, to complicate
Embarullarse (Reflexive)
To get confused, get mixed up
14. Embeber (Non-Reflexive)
To soak, to soak up, to shrink
Embeberse (Reflexive)
To become wrapped up
15. Embellecer (Non-Reflexive)
To make beautiful, to beautidy, improve the appearance of, make more attractive
Embellecerse (Reflexive)
To make oneself beautiful, beautify oneself
16. Embobar (Non-Reflexive)
To fascinate, hold spell bound
Embobarse (Reflexive)
To be captivated, fascinated
17. Embojotar (Non-Reflexive)
To wrap up
Embojotarse (Reflexive)
To wrap oneselfup, snuggle up
18. Embolar (Non-Reflexive)
To put protective balls on the horns of, to piss off, to shine, polish
Embolarse (Reflexive)
To get plastered
19. Embolinar (Non-Reflexive)
To muddle, to confuse
Embolinarse (Reflexive)
To get flustered
20. Emborrachar (Non-Reflexive)
To get drunk, to make drunk
Emborracharse (Reflexive)
To get drunk
21.Emborronar (Non-Reflexive)
To smudge, to make blots on, to blot
Emborronarse (Reflexive)
To smudge, get smudged
22. Emboscar (Non-Reflexive)
To ambush
Emboscarse (Reflexive)
To position oneself for an ambush
23. Embotar (Non-Reflexive)
To dull
Embotarse (Reflexive)
Seizes up, can’t take
24. Embriagar (Non-Reflexive)
To intoxicate
Embriagarse (Reflexive)
To become intoxicated, to become inebriated
25. Embrollar (Non-Reflexive)
To tangle, tangle up, to complicate, to muddle, confuse, to embroil, get involved in
Embrollarse (Reflexive)
To get tangled, to get confused, muddled, get complicated, to get mixed up
26. Embromar (Non-Reflexive)
To pester, to hassle, to kid, to fool, to trick
Embromarse (Reflexive)
To hurt oneself, to screw up, to do in, to get ill, to put oneself out
27. Embuchar (Non-Refleixve)
To stuff, to feed, to rush
Embucharse (Reflexive)
To bottle up, to pocket, to get bloated
28. Embutir (Non-Reflexive)
To stuff with, to stuff, to inlay, to press, to suff one’s face
Embutirse (Reflexive)
To polish off, to stuff oneself with
29. Emocionar (Non-Reflexive)
To move, affect
Emocionarse (Non-Reflexive)
To be moved, to get excited
30. Empacar (Non-Reflexive)
To pack, to bale, get packed
Empacarse (Reflexive)
To dig one’s heels in, refuse to budge, to wolf down, to guzzle, to polish off, to devour
31. Empachar (Non-Reflexive)
To give an upset stomach
Empacharse (Reflexive)
To get an upset stomach, to overdose on
32. Empadronar (Non-Reflexive)
To register
Empadronarse (Reflexive)
To register
33. Empalagar (Non-Reflexive)
Cloying, too sickly sweet
Empalagarse (Reflexive)
Stuffed
34. Empalar (Non-Reflexive)
To impale
Empalarse (Reflexive)
To get frozen stiff
35. Empalmar (Non-Reflexive)
To splice, to connect, to splice, to combine, to converge, meet, join
Empalmarse (Reflexive)
To get a hard on
36. Empantanar (Non-Reflexive)
To swamp
Empanatarse (Reflexive)
To become swamp
37. Emapañar (Non-Reflexive)
To steam, mist up, to sully, tarnish
Empañarse (Reflexive)
To steam, mist up, to sully, tarnish
38. Empapar (Non-Reflexive)
To soak in, drench, saturate
Empaparse (Reflexive)
To get wet through, soaking wet, drenched, to become with imbued with
39. Emparafinar (Non-Reflexive)
To get plastered
Emparafinarse (Reflexive)
To get plastered
40. Emparamar (Non-Reflexive)
To soak, to drench
Emparamarse (Reflexive)
To get drenched, get soaked (to the skin)
41. Emparejar (Non-Reflexive)
To pair off, to make even, cut to the same length, to level, to make the same height
Emparejarse (Reflexive)
To pair off, level off, even up
42. Empatar (Non-Reflexive)
To draw level, equalize, to tie, draw
Empatarse (Reflexive)
To join, meet, meet up, to knit together, to get together, to start going out together, to get interested in, to get into, to follow closely
43. Empavar (Non-Reflexive)
To bring bad luck to
Empavarse (Reflexive)
To have bad luck
44. Empedar (Non-Reflexive)
To get smashed
Empedarse (Reflexive)
To get smashed
45. Empegostar (Non-Reflexive)
To paste, to put paste on
Empegostarse (Reflexive)
To get sticky
46. Empelotar (Non-Reflexive)
To undress, to make notice of
Empelotarse (Reflexive)
To take one’s clothes off, get undressed, strip off, to be a pest, to be an attention seeker
47. Empeñar (Non-Reflexive)
To pawn, hock, to get heavily deep in debt, to give, he was as good as his word
Empeñarse (Reflexive)
To get or go into debt, to strive to, to make an effort to do things well, to insist
48. Empequenecer (Non-Reflexive) To become smaller
Empequenecerse (Reflexive)
To pale insignificance, to feel small 49. Empinar (Non-Reflexive)
To raise Empinarse (Reflexive)
To stand on tiptoe, to get steep, to rise, to tower or soar, to knock back 50. Emplear (Non-Reflexive)
To employ, to fix up with a job, to use Emplearse (Reflexive)
To get a job 51. Empobrecer (Non-Reflexive)
To impoverish, to become poor
Empobrecerse (Relfexive)
To become impoverish, become poor 52. Empotrar (Non-Reflexive)
To build Empotrarse (Reflexive)
To crash 53. Empozar (Non-Reflexive)
To put money in the pot Empozarse (Reflexive)
To form pools of 54. Emputar (Non-Reflexive)
To piss off, to make mad Emputarse (Reflexive)
To do one’s nut 55. Enajenar (Non-Reflexive)
To dispose of, alienate, to transfer Enajenarse (Reflexive)
To go out of one’s mind, become unhinged, to alienate 56. Enamorar (Non-Reflexive)
To make fall in love Enamorarse (Reflexive)
To fall in love with 57. Enardecer (Non-Reflexive)
To arouse, to get angry Enardecerse (Reflexive)
Passions become aroused, to become inflamed, to become heated 58. Encabronar (Non-Reflexive) To make mad, to piss off Encabronarse (Reflexive) To get mad, to get pissed 59. Encachar (Non-Reflexive)
To make look nice Encacharse (Reflexive) To defy, stand up to, to doll oneself up 60. Encadenar (Non-Reflexive)
To chain, chain up Encadenarse (Reflexive)
To chain oneself to 61. Encajar (Reflexive)
To fit, to take Encajarse (Reflexive)
To put on, to take advantage of 62. Encajonar (Non-Reflexive)
To box, put into boxes, to encase, box in Encajonarse (Reflexive)
To narrow
63. Encamar (Non-Reflexive) To confine to bed Encamarse (Reflexive)
To go to bed together 64. Encaminar (Non-Reflexive) To direct, channel Encaminarse (Reflexive)
To head for or towards 65. Encanonar (Non-Reflexive)
She pointed the gun at him, to hold at gunpoint Encanonarse (Reflexive)
To narrow 66. Encapuchar (Non-Reflexive)
To place a hood on Encapucharse (Reflexive)
To put a hood on 67. Encarar (Non-Reflexive)
To approach, to marry, fit together Encararse (Reflexive)
To stand up to, to face up to 68. Encarecer (Non-Reflexive) To increase product’s value, to beg, to beseech Encarecerse (Reflexive) To increase, rise, to become more expensive
69. Encargar (Non-Reflexive) To entrust, to ask, to charge, to order, to buy Encargarse (Reflexive) To see to, to take care of, to deal with, to look after, to take on 70. Encarnar (Non-Reflexive) To play, to embody, to blood Encarnarse (Reflexive) To become incarnate 71. Encarnizar (Non-Reflexive)
To blood, to enrage Encarnizarse (Reflexive) To file, to close, to close the file on 72. Encarrilar (Non-Reflexive) To put onto the rails, to direct, to guide, give guidance to Encarrilarse (Reflexive)
To get back on the rails 73. Encartar (Non-Reflexive) To indict, commit for trial, to saddle with, to lumber with Encartarse (Reflexive)
To pick up, to get stuck with, to hump or lug 74. Encasillar (Non-Reflexive)
To typecast, to categorize Encasillarse (Reflexive)
To be identified, classified, categorized 75. Encasquetar (Non-Reflexive) To pull down, to dump on Encasquetarse (Reflexive) To pull down 76. Encauzar (Non-Reflexive)
To channel Encauzarse (Reflexive) To be channeled 77. Enceguecer (Non-Reflexive) To blind, to dazzle Enceguecerse (Reflexive)
To be blinded, to become furious 78. Encelar (Non-Reflexive) To make jealous Encelarse (Reflexive) To get jealous 79. Encender (Non-Reflexive) To light, to strike, to switch on, to turn on, put on, to start Encenderse (Reflexive) To come on, to light, to blow one’s top, to get mad, to go red 80. Encerrar (Non-Reflexive)
To lock up, to shut up, to put in prison, to put behind bars, to contain
Encerrarse (Reflexive) To shut oneself in 81. Encharcar (Non-Reflexive) To waterlog, flood Encharcarse (Reflexive) To become waterlogged or flooded, to form a pool 82. Enchastrar (Non-Reflexive) To make a mess of Enchastrarse (Reflexive) To get dirty 83. Enchilar (Non-Reflexive) To add chili to, to annoy Enchilarse (Reflexive) To be spicy, to get thirsty 84. Enchinchar (Non-Reflexive) To pester, bug Enchincharse (Reflexive) To get infested with bedbugs, to get or catch bedbugs, to get in a mood or huff 85. Enchuecar (Non-Reflexive) To bend, to wrap, to twist, to tilt Enchuecarse (Reflexive) To bend, get bent, to wrap, to become twisted
86. Enchufar (Non-Reflexive) To plug in, to switch, to turn or put on, to fix, to pull some stings Enchufarse (Reflexive) To settle in 87. Encimar (Non-Reflexive) To give extra, to put, to pile, to stack one on top of the other, to stack up Encimarse (Reflexive) To clash with, to coincide with 68. Encarecer (Non-Reflexive) To increase product’s value, to beg, to beseech Encarecerse (Reflexive) To increase, rise, to become more expensive 69. Encargar (Non-Reflexive) To entrust, to ask, to charge, to order, to buy Encargarse (Reflexive) To see to, to take care of, to deal with, to look after, to take on 70. Encarnar (Non-Reflexive) To play, to embody, to blood Encarnar (Reflexive) To become incarnate 71. Encarnizar (Non-Reflexive)
To blood, to enrage Encarnizar (Reflexive) To file, to close, to close the file on 72. Encarrilar (Non-Reflexive) To put onto the rails, to direct, to guide, give guidance to Encarrilar (Reflexive)
To get back on the rails 73. Encartar (Non-Reflexive) To indict, commit for trial, to saddle with, to lumber with Encartarse (Reflexive)
To pick up, to get stuck with, to hump or lug
74. Encasillar (Non-Reflexive) To typecast, to categorize
Encasillarse (Reflexive) To be identified, classified, categorized
75. Encasquetar (Non-Reflexive) To pull down, to dump on Encasquetar (Reflexive) To pull down 76. Encauzar (Non-Reflexive)
To channel Encauzarse (Reflexive) To be channeled 77. Enceguecer (Non-Reflexive) To blind, to dazzle Enceguecerse (Reflexive)
To be blinded, to become furious 78. Encelar (Non-Reflexive) To make jealous Encelarse (Reflexive) To get jealous 79. Encender (Non-Reflexive) To light, to strike, to switch on, to turn on, put on, to start Encenderse (Reflexive) To come on, to light, to blow one’s top, to get mad, to go red 80. Encerrar (Non-Reflexive)
To lock up, to shut up, to put in prison, to put behind bars, to contain Encerrarse (Reflexive) To shut oneself in 81. Encharcar (Non-Reflexive) To waterlog, flood Encharcarse (Reflexive) To become waterlogged or flooded, to form a pool 82. Enchastrar (Non-Reflexive) To make a mess of
Enchastrarse (Reflexive) To get dirty 83. Enchilar (Non-Reflexive) To add chili to, to annoy Enchilarse (Reflexive) To be spicy, to get shirty 84. Enchinchar (Non-Reflexive) To pester, bug Enchincharse (Reflexive) To get infested with bedbugs, to get or catch bedbugs, to get in a mood or huff 85. Enchuecar (Non-Reflexive) To bend, to wrap, to twist, to tilt Enchuecarse (Reflexive) To bend, get bent, to wrap, to become twisted 86. Enchufar (Non-Reflexive) To plug in, to switch, to turn or put on, to fix, to pull some stings Enchufarse (Reflexive) To settle in 87. Encimar (Non-Reflexive) To give extra, to put, to pile, to stack one on top of the other, to stack up Encimarse (Reflexive) To clash with, to coincide with
Ff
Gg 1.Ganar – to win
To gain (ganar tiempo)
To earn (ganar dinero)
To acquire, to obtain
Vi-‐ to win
-‐To profit
Ganar (se) – to gain, to win
-‐ (ganarse a alguien) to win someone over
-‐ To earn – ganarse la vida – to make a living
-‐ To deserve
2. Golpear-‐ to beat (up), to hit
-‐To slam, to bang, to strike
Vi -‐To knock (at a door)
-‐To beat
-‐La lluvia golpeaba contra el tejado (the rain beat against the roof)
Golpear (se) – Vr – accidentally to bang your head or elbow
3.Granjear – to earn, to win
Granjear (se) – to gain, to earn
4. Guardar-‐ to save, keep
guarda algo para despues (save or keep for later)
-‐ to put away
-‐ (Conservar, mantenar) to keep
-‐ lo guardo durante anos (she kept it for years)
-‐ las apariencias (to keep appearances)
-‐ secreto (to keep)
-‐ rancor (to bear harbor)
-‐ guardo muy Buenos recuerdos de el ( I have very good memories of
him
Guardar (se)
Hh Shana Dawson
Hh & Ii 1. Hallar: to find To discover (descubir) To find out (averiguar) To meet with (a probacion) To meet with, to run up against (oposicion) -‐Hallarse: to be (estar) To find (encontrarse)
He was away at the time (se hallaba fuera) To be ill/ better (enfermo/major) He feels out of place at parties (nose halla en las frestas) He doesn’t get along with the new boss (no se halla bien con el nuevo jefe) To encounter an obstacle (con un obstaculo) 2. Hatar: to satiate, satisfy (saciar) To sticken, tire, bore (fig) you’re getting on my nerves (me estas hartando) to overwhelm (a algn de algo) (fig) to rain blows on (a algn de palos) -‐Hatarse: to eat ones fill Gorge (de of) Be satiated (de on) To eat ones fill (comer hasta) To stuff with grapes (de uvas) To get weary (fig) To laugh, fit to burst (de reir) She got fed up with him (se harto de el) I’m sick and tired of waiting (ya me he hartado de esperar) During the holidays all I did was sunbathe (en vocaciones me harte a ode tomar el sol) 3. Hastiar: to weary, bore (fastidaiar) To siken, disgust (asquear) -‐hastiarse: to fire of (de) 4. Helar: to freeze (met) To congeal (liquido) To ice, chill (bebidas) -‐Helarse: to freeze (met) To be frozen (estado)
To ice up, freeze up (aer, ferro) 5. Hernia: rupture hernia Discal, slipped disc -‐Herniarse: to rupture, to break ones back 6. Hincar: to thrust or drive (meter) To sink (diente) To set firmly (pie etc) 7. Hinchar: to swell up (gen) To get distended (vientre) To blow up, inflate or pump (globo) To exaggerate -‐Hincharse: to swell (gen) To get distended (vientre) To stuff will (llenarse -‐Hincarse: to kneel down (de rodillas) 8. Honrar: to honor (gen) To credit to (ser orgullo de) A gesture to be proud of (un gesto que le horna) -‐Honrarse: to be honored by (con algo) To be honored to do (de hacer algo) to be honored to do 9. Horrorizar: to horrify -‐Horrorizarse: to be horrified 10. Hospedar: to put up, lodge (alogar) To receive as a guest, entertain (recibir) -‐Hospedarse: to stay, put up, lodge (with,at : con,en) 11. Hospitalizar: to send or to take to hospital, hospitalize
He spent 3 months in the hospital (estuvo hospitalizado durante 3 meses) 12. Humedecer: to dampen, moisten, humify (ambiente) -‐Humedecerser – to get damp or wet His eyes filled with tears, tears came to his eyes (se le humedecieron los ojos) 13. Huillar: to humiliate, humble -‐Humillarse: to humble, to grovel to 14. Hundir: to sink to submerge (sumergir) to ruin, destroy (e dificio) to sink, ruin (plan) to demoralize (desmoralizar) You are driving me to ruin (me hundes en la misera -‐Hundirse: to sink (en arena, lodos) To collapse, fall down (edificio) To cave in (tierra) To be destroyed, be ruined (arninarse) To collapse, break down (persona) The economy collapsed (se hundio la economia) He business is failed or went under (el negocio se hundio)
Prices slumped (se hundieron los precios) He became lost in (se hundio en la medicacion
Ii
15. Identificar: to identify/unidentified victim (victim) -‐Indentificarse: to identify To identify with (con) 16. Igualar: to equalize, make equal (hacer igual) To equate (mat) To compare, match (to) To level (allanar) or even out (off or up) To smooth, even out or adjust (allisar) To agree upon (com) -‐Igualarse: to be equal To equal, be equal to, be the equal of (a, o, con) To equalize (dep) To come to an agreement (com) 17. Illusionar: to give grounds for false hopes to (falsamente) To excite, thrill (entusiamar)
“me ilusiona el viaje” – I’m really excited about this journey -‐Illusionarse: to get carried away (falsamente) “no te illusions” – don’t get any false ideas To be excited, be thrilled 18. Ilustar: to illustrate To explain, make clear (eluciadar) To instruct, enlighten (instruir) -‐Ilustrarse: to acquire knowledge 19. Imaginar: to imagine To visualize (visualizar) To think up, invent (concebir) -‐Imaginarse: to imagine, fancy “imaginate!” – Just imagine, just fancy “imaginese que” – suppose that, imagine that “me imagino que” –I suppose that “si, me imagino” – yes, I can imagine “me imagino que si” – I should think so 20. Impacientar: to make impatient To irritate, exasperate (enfadar) -‐Impacientarse: to get impatient About, at (con) lose patience (ante, por) To get worked up (agitarse) To fret (inquetarse) 21. Imponer: to impose To lay, thrust upon (tarea) to set (carga) To put, impose (impuesto) To exact, demand (obediencia) To command (respeto) To inspire (miedo) To inform (informar) To deposit (com, fin) To be impressive (edificio) To inspire respect (persona) -‐Imponerse: to assume a duty, take on a duty (un deber)
To assert, get ones way to dominate, impose ones authority on (hacerse obedecer) To prevail over (prevalecer) To grow up (costumbre) “se impondra el buen sentido” – good sense will prevail (sernecario) “la conclusion se impone” – the conclusion is inescapable To get on top (ganar equlpo) To acquaint with (instrurse) 22. Incendiar: to set on fire, to set fire to, to set alight (to kindle, inflame) -‐Incendiarse: to catch fire 23. Incomodar: to inconvenience, to trouble -‐Incomodarse: to put out, take trouble “no se in commode” – don’t bother! To get cross or annoyed with (enfadarse) 24. Incorporar: to incorporate (incluir) To embody (abacar) To mix (culinary) To make sit up in bed (a algn) -‐Incorporarse: to sit up, raise (cuando se esta acostado) To sit up in bed (en la cama) To join (regimento sociedad) To join up, enlist (a filas) To go to work, report for work (al trabajo) 25. Incrementar: to increase (qumentar) To raise (alzar) Incrementarse: to increase 26. Incrustar: to incrust (gen) To inlay (de,with) To graft (fig) To set (en,into) -‐Incrusrarse: en (bomba) To lodge in, embed itself in 27. Independizar: to make independent, grant independence to
-‐Independizarse: to become independent 28. Indigestar: to cause indigestion to -‐Indigestarse: to get or have (persona) To be in sufferable (fig) “se me indigesta ese tio” – I can’t stand that fellow 29. Indignar: to anger, make indignant -‐Indignarse: to get angry To get indignant with (con algn) 30. Indisponer: to spoil, upset (plan) To make upset, make sick (med) “a algn con otro” – to set against another -‐Indisponerse: to become or fall ill (med) To fall out with (con algn) 31. Infectar: to infect (gen) To contaminate, corrupt (contaminar) To pervert (pervertir) -‐Infectarse: to become infected with 32. Infiltrar: to infiltrate into (gen) To inuclate in (infundir) -‐Infiltrarse: to infiltrate into 33. Inflamar: to set on fire, ignite (prender fuego a) To inflame (med) To inflame, arouse (fig) -‐Inflamarse: to catch fire, ignite To become inflamed (med) To become inflamed with, get excited (fig) 34. Inflar: to inflate, blow up, pump air into (neumatico) To exaggerate (fig) To make conceited (engereir) To inflate (precios) -‐Inflarse: to swell (hincharse) To get conceited (engereir)
To swell with pride (de orgullo) 35. Informar: to inform, tell of or about (de,sobre) (enterar) To form, shape (dar form a) To report (gen) To inform (delator) To plead (abogado) -‐Informarse: to find out, inform To find out about, inquire (de) 36. Ingeniar: to devise, think up, contrive Ingeniarse: to manage, to find a way, get along To manage to do (ingeniar se las para hacer algo) 37. Ingresar: to deposit, pay in (dinero) To receive, take in (ganarcias) “dinero en una cuenta” – to pay money into an account To admit as a patient (med) “continua ingresado en la hospital” – x is still in the hospital To go in, to enter (club) To enroll in (UV,Mil) “en la academia” – to be admitted to the academy -‐Ingresarse: to join, become a member To join up (mex mil) 38. Inhibir: to inhibit (gen) To restrain, stay (jur) -‐Inhibirse: to keep out of 39. Injerir: to insert, introduce To graft on or into (agr) -‐Injerirse: to interfere, meddle 40. Inquietar: to worry, disturb -‐Inquietarse: to worry, uspet “no te inquietes!” – don’t panic 41. Inscribir: to inscribe (grabar) To list, enter on a list (poner en lista)
To enroll, register (matricukar) -‐Inscribirse: to enroll, register 42. Insinuar: to insinuate, hint at (gen) “que …” – imply that -‐Insinuarse: to make advances to 43. Inspirar: to inspire Inhale, breathe in (med) -‐Inspirarse: to be inspired by, find inspiration in 44. Instalar: to install (gen) To set or fit up, lay on (equipar) -‐Instalarse: to install or establish 45. Institucionalizar: to institutionalize -‐Institucionalizarse: to be institutionalized 46. Insubordinar: to stir, rouse to rebellion -‐Insubordinar: to rebel 47. Inserruccionar: to incite to rebel -‐Inserruccionarse: to rebel, revolt 48. Intensificar: to intensify -‐Intensificarse: to intensify 49. Interesar: to interest, be of interest to (gen) To appeal to (cautivar) “te interesa el futbol?” – are you interested in football? “no me interesan los toros” – bullfighting does not appeal to me To concern, involve (afectar) To affect, involve (med) “la lesion interesa la region lumbar” – the injury affects the lumbar region To be of interest (gen) To be important (importer) -‐Interesarse: to be interested, take an interest
50. Interferir: to interfere with (rad) To jam (med) To tap (telec) To interfere with, affect (fig) -‐Interferirse: to interfere in, with 51. Interiorizar: to internalize (psic) To inform about (chi) -‐Interiorizarse: to familiarize with 52. Interponer: to interpose, put it (inserter) To lodge, put int (jur. Apelacion) -‐Interponerse: to intervene 53. Intimar: to announce, notify (notificar) To order, require that (mandar) -‐Intimarse: to become intimate or friendly with 54. Intimidar: to intimidate, scare -‐Intimidarse: to be intimidated or frightened (temer) To get scared (asustarse) 55. Intranquilizar: to worry, make uneasy -‐Intranquilizarse: to get worried, feel uneasy 56. Inventar: to invent (gen) To devise (plan) To make up, concoct (historia, excusa) -‐Inventarse: to make up, concoct (historia, excusa) 57. Involucrar: to bring something irrelevant into a speech (algo en un discurso) To involve in, mix up in (a algn en algo) -‐Involucrarse: to get involved in (interesarse) 58. Irritar: to irritate, exasperate (gen) To irritate (med) -‐Irritarse: to get angry, lose one’s temper
Jj
Kk
Ll Jelica Thompson
SP II
Professor Mcclain
Pronominales L
Ladear – (cabeza) to tilt or to brush off
1. Ladear (se) to move to one side or lean over
something
2. Ladillar – to hassle, or to bother
3. Ladillar (se) – to get fed up
4. Lamentar – to regret EX: lamentamos las
molestias que pado ocasionarles elretraso – we
regret any inconvenience that the delay may
have caused you
5. Lamentar (se) – to complain or moan
6. Lanzar- to throw, to pitch, to launch something
7. Lanzar (se) – to throw oneself
8. Largar- to let out
9. Largar (se)- to clear (clear the area)
10. Lastimar- to hurt (hurt someone
physically)
11. Lastimar (se) – to hurt oneself
12. Lavar – to wash
13. Lavar (se) – to have a wash or to clean
something (I have to wash my hair)
14. Liberalizar- to relax on any restrictions
there may be
15. Liberalizar (se) – to become more relaxed
or liberal
16. Liberar- to set free
17. Liberar (se) – to free one self
18. Librar – to save from (from evil)
19. Librar (se) – to escape from something (I
got out of jury duty)
20. Libretear- notebook
21. Libreatear (se) – to play hooky ( to cut
school)
22. Licuar – to blend or liquefy
23. Licuar (se) – to liquefy
24. Ligar- to bind (a contract)
25. Ligar (se) – to get off with
26. Limitar – to restrict (regulations)
27. Limitar (se)- to keep what you’ve already
been told to do (confinement)
28. Limpiar – to wash, to clean
29. Limpiar (se) – to clean something of your
own before doing another action
30. Liquidar – to sell off
31. Liquidar (se) – to get through (to finish
something spending wise)
32. Llamar – to call
33. Llamar (se) – to be called (to call someone
by name)
34. Llegar – to arrive
35. Llegar (se) – to run out (to make a store
run)
36. Llevar – to take (to take something
somewhere)
37. Llevar (se) – to take (to take someone
away)
38. Localizar – to locate
39. Localizar (se) – to become localized
40. Loquear – to play or clown around
41. Loquear (se) – to go crazy
42. Lucir – to look good
43. Lucir (se) – to excel oneself
Mm
44. Machacar – to crush (grind or pound)
45. Machacar (se) – to crush or smash
something
46. Machucar –to bruise
47. Machucar (se) – to get bruised
48. Madurar – to ripen
49. Madurar (se) –to ripen
50. Magdalena- fairy cake
51. Magdalenan (se) – From Magdalena
52. Malear – to corrupt
53. Malear (se) –to fall into malicious or evil
ways
54. Maliciar – to suspect
55. Maliciar (se) – to suspect
56. Malograr – to waste, ruin or spoil
57. Malograr (se) – to fail or miscarry
58. Malquerer – to dislike
59. Malquerer (se) – to become estranged
60. Mamar –to feed
61. Mamar (se) –to get tight (demolish)
62. Manchar – to mark up (get something dirty)
63. Manchar (se) – to get stained or dirty
64. Mancomunar – to join together
65. Mancomunar (se) – To unite (join forces)
66. Mandar – to take orders (do what you are
told)
67. Mandar (se) – to pull off
68. Manducar – to stuff oneself (to eat a lot
of food)
69. Manducar (se) – to guzzle (to eat fast)
70. Mantener – to support or maintain
71. Mantener (se) – to keep oneself
72. Maravillar – to amaze, or astonish
73. Maravillar (se) – to be amazed or
astonished
74. Marcar – to brand
75. Marcar (se) – to have one’s hair set
76. Marchar – to go, run
77. Marchar (se) – to leave (going off)
78. Marchitar – to make or wither (fading
away)
79. Marchitar (se) – to fade away
80. Marear – to feel sick or queasy 81. Marear (se) – seasick or airsick ( being on
a cruise or airplane) 82. Marfil – Ivory 83. Marfil (se) – Ivorian 84. Marginar – to group something (to shun
someone) 85. Marginar (se) – to cut oneself off from 86. Matar – to kill or slaughter 87. Matar (se) –to kill oneself (suicidal) 88. Matear – to drink mate 89. Matear (se) – to grind, to swot 90. Materializar – to bring to fruition or to
carry out a plan 91. Materializar (se) –to bear fruit or
materialize 92. Matizar –to qualify (to explain something
in a sense) 93. Matizar (se)- to enjoy 94. Matricular – to register or enroll 95. Matricular (se) – to register yourself for a
course 96. Matrimoniar – to get married 97. Matrimoniar (se) – to get hitched, married 98. Medir – to measure, gouge 99. Medir (se) –to measure oneself
100. Mejorar – to improve, to beat your own record, to go up in the world
101. Mejorar (se) –to get better 102. Menear – to wag, to shake, to go on about 103. Menear (se) – to fidget 104. Mentalizar – to realize, to do more
exercise 105. Mentalizar (se) – to prepare oneself
mentally, to get into the right frame of mind 106. Merendar – to have a snack in the
afternoon, to have tea, to have as an afternoon snack
107. Merendar (se) –to thrash, to polish off 108. Merecer –to deserve to 109. Merecer (se) – to deserve something (for
yourself) 110. Metalizar – to make, money minded, to
commercialize 111. Meter – to put (to put a key in the lock) 112. Meter (se) – to enter, to put oneself
somewhere 113. Mezclar – to mix, combining different
styles 114. Mezclar (se) –to merge, to get mixed, to get
involved a. Mirar- to look, to look, to look at it from
another point of view, to be careful with money (to watch), to observe, to face, to think of
115. Mirar (se) –to look at oneself 116. Mochar to hack something (off of a tree)
117. Mochar (se) – to push off 118. Moderar to curb, to moderate 119. Moderar (se) –to retrain yourself 120.
Nn Noris Terrero June 10, 2013 Spanish Class Nn Nacionalizar- vt 1. To nationalize 2. To naturalize -Nacionalizarse- v pron 1. To become naturalized Naturalizar- vt 1. To naturalize -Naturalizarse v pron 1. To become naturalized Normalizar- vt 1. To normalize 2. To standardized -Normarlizarse- v pron 1. To normalize; return to normal 2. To become standardized
Notar- vt 1. To notice -Notarse- v pron 1. To feel Nutrir- vt 1. To nourish; feed 2. To fuel -Nutrirse- v pron 1. To receive nourishment
Oo Noris Terrero June 10, 2013 Spanish Class Oo Obcecar- vt 1. To blind -Obcecarse- v pron 1. To become obsessed
Obligar- vt 1. To obliged -Obligarse- v pron 1. To make oneself 2. To force oneself to 3. To undertake to Obnubilar- vt 1. To cloud -Obnubilarse- v pron 1. To become confused Obsesionar- vt 1. To obsess -Obsesionarse- v pron 1. To become obsessed Obstinar- vt 1. To drive -Obstinarse- v pron 1. To insist on 2. To get sick of 3. To get fed up with Obstruir- vt 1. To block 2. To obstruct; hold up -Obstruirse- v pron 1. To get blocked (up) Occidentalizar- vt 1. To westernize -Occidentalizarse- v pron 1. To become westernized Ocluir- vt 1. To occlude -Ocluirse- v pron 1. To become occluded Ocultar- vt 1. To conceal; hide -Oclultarse- v pron 1. To hide
Ocupar- vt 1. To take up 2. To hold; occupy 3. To fill 4. To seize; confiscate 5. To use -Ocuparse- v pron 1. To take care of 2. To be on the game (BrE sl) 3. To be a hooker (Esp) Ocurrir- vi 1. To happen -Ocurrirse- v pron 1. To think of Ofender- vt 1. To offend against -Ofenderse- v pron 1. To take offense Ofrecer- vt 1. To offer 2. To give; hold; throw 3. To offer up -Ofrecerse- v pron 1. To offer 2. To volunteer 3. To give willingly Ofuscar- vt 1. To blind 2. To dazzle -Ofuscarse- v pron 1. To get worked up; agitated Oler- vi 1. To smell -Olerse- v pron 1. To suspect
2. To have a feeling Olvidar- vt 1. To forget -Olvidarse- v pron 1. To forget something Ondular- vt 1. To wave -Ondularse- v pron 1. To go wavy Operar- vt 1. To operate 2. To produce; bring about 3. To deal; do business -Operarse- v pron 1. To have an operation 2. To take place Opiar- vt 1. To bore -Opiarse- v pron 1. To get bored stiff Oponer- vt 1. To offer; put up 2. To raise 3. To counter; answer something -Oponerse- v pron 1. To object 2. To oppose to 3. To contradict something Ordenar- vt 1. To straighten up 2. To tidy up 3. To sort out 4. To order
5. To ordain -Ordernarse- v pron 1. To be ordained Orear- vt 1. To air 2. To dry -Orearse- v pron 1. To sober up Organizar- vt 1. To organize; arrange 2. To cause -Organizarse- v pron 1. To organize oneself Orientar- vt 1. To turn to position 2. To trim 3. To guide -Orientarse- v pron 1. To get one’s bearings; to orient oneself; to find one’s way around Originar- vt 1. To start 2. To be the source 3. To give rise to 4. To spark off -Originarse- v pron 1. To originate 2. To come into being Orillar- vt 1. To get around 2. To skirt; to skirt around 3. To hem Orillarse- v pron 1. To move over Orinar- vi 1. To urinate
-Orinarse- v pron 1. To wet oneself Oscurecer- v 1. To get dark -Oscurecerse- v pron 1. To get darker; to darken; get
darker Ovillar- vt 1. To wind -Ovillarse- v pron 1. To curl up Oxidar-vt 1. To rust 2. To oxidize -Oxidarse- v pron 1. To rust; oxidize Oxigenar- vt 1. To oxygenate 2. To bleach -Oxigenarse-v pron 1. To get a breath of air 2. Get some fresh
air
Pp
Noris Terrero Pp Palpar- vt 1. To Palpate 2. To touch; feel -Palparse- v pron 1. To feel Parar- vi 1. To stop 2. To end up
3. To go on strike 4. To switch off 5. To stanch 6. To save 7. To block 8. To ward off 9. To stand up -Pararse- v pron 1. To stop 2. To stand up straight 3. To stick up/out 4. To get up Parecer- vi 1. It looks like it -Parecerse- v pron 1. To look; to be Parquear- vt 1. To park -Parquearse- v pron 1. To park Partir- vt 1. To cut 2. To split open 3. To chap 4. To leave/depart 5. To start -Partirse- v pron 1. To split 2. To smash 3. To break 4. To chip Pasar- vi 1. To come/ go past 2. To cross 3. To go through from one side to the other
4. To come in 5. To go in 6. To pass 7. To be over 8. To go away 9. To go past 10. To overtake 11. To smuggle 12. To turn -Pasarse- v pron 1. To go over to the enemy 2. To go too far 3. To go bad 4. Get overripe 5. To go off; go bad 6. To go sour 7. To wear off 8. To go away Pegar- vt 1. To give 2. To let out 3. To stick 4. To glue 5. To move closer 6. To hit 7. To smack 8. To take off -Pegarse- v pron 1. To hit each other 2. To be infectious Peinar- vt 1. To comb 2. To brush 3. To card -Peinarse- v pron 1. To comb one’s hair
Pelar- vt 1. To peel 2. To pluck 3. To clean 4. To bad mouth -Pelarse- v pron 1. To peel Pelear- vi 1. To quarrel 2. To argue 3. To break up 4. To break up 5. To fight -Pelearse- v pron 1. To quarrel 2. To fight Pensar- vi 1. To think -Pensarse- v pron 1. To think about Peder- vt 1. To lose 2. To miss 3. To waste 4. To fail 5. To leak -Pederse- v pron 1. To get lost 2. To miss Perfillar- vt 1. To shape -Perfillarse- v pron 1. To be out lined 2. To become clear Perforar- vt 1. To sink; drill; bore 2. To perforate
3. To pierce -Perforarse- v pron 1. To become perforated Perfumar- vt 1. To perfume -Perfumarse- v pron 1. To put perfume 2. Scent on Permitir- vt 1. To allow 2. To permit 3. To enable 4. To make possible -Permitirse- v pron 1. To allow oneself Pesar- vi 1. To be heavy 2. To weigh -Pesarse- v pron 1. To weigh oneself Petrificar- vt 1. To petrify -Petrificarse- v pron 1. To become petrified 2. Turn to stone Picar- vt 1. To bite 2. To eat 3. To punch 4. To jab 5. To grind 6. To mince 7. To chop 8. To crush 9. To chip 10. To break up; smash
11. To nibble 12. To split -Picarse- v pron 1. To decay; rot 2. To perish 3. To rust 4. To go rotten 5. To go sour 6. To get annoyed 7. To take offense Pillar- vt 1. To catch 2. To hit -Pillarse- v pron 1. To catch Pinchar- vt 1. To burst 2. To prick;; to be prickly 3. To spear 4. To tap; bug 5. To puncture -Pincharse- v pron 1.To prick oneself 2. To jack up 3. To puncture 4. To burst Pintar- vt 1. To paint 2. To draw 3. To be trumps -Pintarse- v pron 1. To put one one’s make up Plantar- vt 1. To plant 2. To put in 3. To ditch
4. To dump 5. To stand up 6. To jilt -Plantarse- v pron 1. To plant one self 2. To stick Plantear- vt 1. To set out 2. To pose -Plantearse- v pron 1. To think about; consider 2. To arise Poblar- vt 1. To settle; populate 2. To inhabit -Poblarse- v pron 1. To be settled Ponchar- vt 1. To puncture -Poncharse- v pron 1. To puncture 2. To strike out Poner- vt 1. To put 2. To place 3. To give 4. To lay -Ponerse- v pron 1. To stand up 2. To kneel Popularizar- vt 1. Popularity -Popularizarte- v pron 1. To become popular
Postular- vt 1. To nominate; propose -Postularse- v pron 1. To stand; run Preguntar- vt 1. To ask -Preguntarse- v pron 1. To wonder Prender- vt 1. To catch 2. To seize 3. To sew on 4. To set fire to -Prenderse- v pron 1. To catch fire 2. To liven up; get going Preocupar- vt 1. To worry -Preocuparse- v pron 1. To worry Preparar- vt 1. To make; prepare; get ready 2. To tutor; coach -Prepararse- v pron 1. To brew 2. To prepare Presentar- vt 1. To present 2. To launch 3. To submit 4. To show 5. To make 6. To bring charges 7. To introduce -Presentarse- v pron- 1. To turn up; appear 2. To arise 3. To come up; crop up
4. To introduce oneself Prestar- vt 1. To lend 2. To borrow 3. To render 4. To swear -Prestarse- v pron 1. Open to misinterpretation 2. To offer oneself Prevenir- vt 1. To prevent 2. To warn -Prevenirse- v pron 1. To take preventive 2. Take precautions against Pringar- vt 1. To dip 2. To catch 3. To pick up; get -Pringarse- v pron 1. To stain 2. To get dirty Privar- vt 1. To deprive 2. To knock unconscious 3. To be fashionable -Privarse- v pron 1. To deprive oneself 2. To lose consciousness 3. To pass out Probar- vt 1. To prove 2. To taste 3. To try
4. To test -Probarse- v pron 1. To try on Proclamar- vt 1. To proclaim -Proclamarse- v pron 1. To proclaim oneself Procurar- vt 1. To try to 2. To obtain 3. To secure 4. To procure -Procurarse- v pron 1. To secure Producir- vt 1. To produce 2. To cause 3. To generate -Producirse- v pron 1. To occur 2. To take place 3. To happen Prolongar- vt 1. To extend 2. To prolong -Prolongarse- v pron 1. To go on 2. Carry on 3. To extend Pronunciar- vt 1. To pronounce 2. To deliver 3. To give 4. To accentuate -Pronunciarse- v pron 1. To declare oneself to be 2. To become more marked
Propagar- vt 1. To spread 2. To propagate -Propagarse- v pron 1. To spread 2. To propagate Proponer- vt 1. To propose 2. To suggest 3. To put forward 4. To nominate 5. To propound -Proponerse- v pron 1. To set out to do Prostituir- vt 1. To prostitute -Prostituirse- v pron 1. To prostitute oneself Proteger- vt 1. To protect 2. To champion 3. To patronize 4. To act as patron to -Protegerse- v pron 1. To protect oneself Proveer- vt 1. To provide -Proveerse- v pron 1. To equip oneself Pudrir- vt 1. To rot 2. To decay -Pudrirse- v pron 1. To rot 2. To decay 3. To decompose
Rr
59. Radicalizar: to radicalize -Radicaliarse: to be radicalized, become more radical (pol) To worsen, deteriorate (situacion) 60. Radicar: to take root (fig) To be, be situated, lie (estar) To lie in (difficultad, problem) -Radicarse: to establish, put down one’s roots 61. Raer: to scrape To scrape off (quitar) -Raerse: to chafe To fray (pano) 62. Rascar: to scrape, rasp To scrape off (quitar) To scratch (con unas) To itch -Rascarse: to scratch To get drunk 63. Rasuar: to shave To scrape (tec) -Rasuarse: to shave 64. Rayar: to line, draw lines on (papel) To cross (cheque) To cracth, mark (pintura) To underline, underscore (texto) To cross out (tachar) To stripe, steak (en diseno)
To scratch (disco) To spur on (caballo) To be next to, be adjacent to (con) To border on, verge on (fig en) “esto raya en lo increble” – this verges on the incredible “raya en los cincuenta” – he’s pushing fifty (fam) To scratch, make scratches (aranar) “este producto no raya al fregar” – this product cleans without scratching -Rayarse: too get scratched 65. Reabastecer: to refuel (gas, cars) -Reabastecerse: to refuel 66. Reabir: to reopen -Reabirse: to reopen 67. Reagrupar: to regroup -Reagruparse: to regroup 68. Reajuste: to readjust -Reajustarse: to readjust 69. Realizar: to achieve, realize (proposito) To fulfill, fulfill (promesa) carrying out To carry out, to put into effect (proyecto) To make (viaje, compra) To carry out (visita) To realize (activo) To sell off, sell up (existencias) To take (ganancias) -Realizarse: to come true (sueno) To materialize (esperanzas) To be carried out (proyecto) To fulfill (persona)
70. Reanimar: to revive To revive, encourage (fih) -Reanimarse: to revive 71. reanimar- to revive, encourage
reanimarse - to revive
72. rearmar-to rearm
rearmarse-to rearm
73. rebajar- to lower, to reduce lower, cut down
el precio a algn en un 5 por 100 - to give a discount of 5% , knock 5% off the price
to lessen, diminish (intensidad)
to tone down(color)
to demote(persona)
rebajarse-to bow before (a algn)
to humble sufficiently to do (a hacer algo)
to stoop to doing
74. rebozar- to roll in batter or breadcrumbs (culin)
to fry in batter(freir)
to muffle up, wrap up (cubrir el rostro)
rebozarse- to muffle up
75. recalentar-to overhreat (demasiado)
to warm up, reheat(comida)
recalentarse- to get too hot
76. recatar-to hide
recatarse- to hide away (from)
to be cautious (ser prudente)
to hesitate (vacilar)
77. recibir- to recieve (gen)
to welcome (acoger)
to go and meet (salir al encuentro)
-lo recibio el ministro (the minister recieved him or granted him an interview)
-una sorpresa(to get a suprise)
-la oferta fue mal recibida (the offer was badly recieved)
-reciba un saludo de...(en canta) (yours sincerly)
to entertain
-reciben mucha en casa (they entertain at home a good deal)
-la baronesa recibe los lunes (the baroness recieves visitors on mondays
Recibirse- to qualify as
-de doctor (to take ones doctorate, recieve one doctors degree)
78. reciclar- to recycle (tec)
to retrain (persona)
to modify, adjust
reciclarse - to retrain (fig)
79. reclinar- to lean, recline (contra,aggainst) (sobre,on)
reclinarse- to lean back
80. recobrar- to recover, get back (salud,dinero)
to recapture (cuidad)
to regain consciousness (conocimiento)
recobrarse-to recover, convalesce (med)
to come to regain consciousness (volver en si)
to collect (fig)
Ss
Tt
Uu Noris Terrero Ubicar vt 1. To place; to put; to position 2. To locate; to find -Ubicarse v pron 1. To be placed; to be located 2. To position oneself
Ulcerar vt 1. To ulcerate -Ulcerarse v pron 1. To ulcerate Usar vt 1. To use; to make use of 2. To consume; to use up 3. To wear -Usarse v pron 1. To be used 2. To be in fashion
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