monuments in uk

7/29/2019 Monuments in UK

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Monuments in UK

Andreea Hincu

Roman MadalinaMusat Andreea


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Stonehenge

Stonehenge is a prehistoricmonument inWiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2 km)west ofAmesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north

ofSalisbury. One of the most famous sites inthe world, Stonehenge is the remains of a ringofstanding stones set within earthworks. It isin the middle of the most dense complex of

Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments inEngland, including several hundred burialmounds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistorichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amesburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_stoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthwork_(archaeology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthwork_(archaeology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_stoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amesburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric


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Stonehenge


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Age

It is believed that the first stones were raised between 2400and 2200 B.C., as the 2008 radiocarbon dating suggestedand the surrounding ditch and bank on the ground, theearliest phase of the monument, is believed to be 700 yearsolder.

Archeological evidence found in 2008 show that it mighthave been a burial place at first.

The dating of cremated remains found on the site indicatethat deposits contain human bone from as early as 3000

BC, when the ditch and bank were first dug. Roman coinsand medieval artefacts have all been found in or around themonument but it is unknown if the monument was incontinuous use throughout British prehistory and beyond,or exactly how it would have been used.


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Stonehenge


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Construction and functions

Stonehenge was produced by a culture that left no written records.Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. Thismultiplicity of theories, some of them very colourful, are oftencalled the "mystery of Stonehenge". A number of myths surroundthe stones.

There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniquesused by the Stonehenge builders. Over the years, various authorshave suggested that supernatural or anachronistic methods wereused, usually asserting that the stones were impossible to moveotherwise. However, conventional techniques, using Neolithictechnology as basic as shear legs, have been demonstrably effective

at moving and placing stones of a similar size. Proposed functionsfor the site include usage as an astronomical observatory, or as areligious site.


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Stonehenge-ancient calendar

Most theories have guessed at a culticpurpose behind the astronomical design of

the monument, on the grounds that such

a mammoth undertaking must have had

an ideological rather than practical basis.

They derive from anthropology rather than

from cultural and technological history.

Joseph Norman Lockyer (Stonehenge

Astronomically Considered, 1906) and

others have pointed out the practical

value of astronomical observation at a

time when there was no other way to

establish precise calendar dates, whether

these were needed for agricultural, social,

or seasonal-religious reasons.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Norman_Lockyerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Norman_Lockyerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Norman_Lockyer


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Hadrian Wall

Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium, "Aelian Wall"

the Latin name is inferred from text on theStaffordshire Moorlands Patera) was a defensivefortification in Roman Britain. Begun in AD 122, during

the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of twofortifications built across Great Britain, the secondbeing the Antonine Wall, lesser known of the twobecause its physical remains are less evident today.

The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the

Empire.[citation needed] In addition to its role as a militaryfortification, it is thought that many of the gatesthrough the wall would have served as customs poststo allow trade and levy taxation.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudge_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudge_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudge_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudge_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language


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Hadrian Wall


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Hadrian Wall nowadays

A significant portion of the wall still exists, having beenrescued in the 19th century by John Clayton, who,alarmed at the destruction by quarrying, bought anumber of sections.[2] For much of its length, the wall

can be followed on foot by Hadrian's Wall Path or bycycle on National Cycle Route 72. It is the most populartourist attraction in Northern England. It was made aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site in 1987. English Heritage,a government organisation in charge of managing the

historic environment of England, describes it as "themost important monument built by the Romans inBritain".[
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clayton_(Newcastle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clayton_(Newcastle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wall_Pathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cycle_Route_72http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cycle_Route_72http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wall_Pathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clayton_(Newcastle)


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Purpose of construction

Hadrian's Wall was likely planned before Roman EmperorHadrian's visit to

Britain in 122. According to restored sandstone fragments found in Jarrow

that date from 118 or 119, it was Hadrian's wish to keep "intact the empire,"

which had been imposed upon him via "divine instruction."[7] The fragments

then announce the building of the wall. It is entirely possible that, on hisarrival in Britain in 122, one of the stops on his itinerary was the northern

frontier and an inspection of the progress of the wall as it was being built.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Emperorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Emperors


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Hadrian Wall


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Big Ben

Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at thenorth end of the Palace of Westminster in London,[1] andoften extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower.[2]The tower is now officially called the Elizabeth Tower, afterbeing renamed to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee ofQueen

Elizabeth II. The Elizabeth Tower holds the largest four-faced chiming clock in the world and is the third-tallestfree-standing clock tower.[3] The tower was completed in1858 and had its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009,[4]during which celebratory events took place.[5][6] The

Elizabeth Tower has become one of the most prominentsymbols of both London and England and is often in theestablishing shot of films set in the city.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_(instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishing_shothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishing_shothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishing_shothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_benhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_(instrument)


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Big Ben


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Significance in popular culture

The clock has become a symbol of the United

Kingdom and London, particularly in the visual

media. When a television or film-maker

wishes to indicate a generic location in Britain,

a popular way to do so is to show an image of

the tower, often with a red double-decker bus

or black cab in the foreground.[45]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routemasterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Benhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Benhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routemasterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routemasterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routemaster


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monuments in uk

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