MOOD DISORDERSBIPOLAR

DR. HASSAN SARSAK, PHD, OT

Bipolar- Definition

Mood swing from profound depression to extreme euphoria (mania) with intervening periods of normalcy. Psychotic symptoms may or may not be present.

Bipolar- Etiology

Biological theories: Genetics

First degree relatives have 5-10 fold greater risk of bipolar disorder

80%-90% of monozygotic twins concurrently has bipolar compared to 15% of dizygotic twins

Biochemical influences: biogenic amines, electrolytes.

Physiological influences: brain lesions, medication side effects.

Psychological theories

Bipolar- Episode

The criteria for both manic and major depressive episodes are met (review….) nearly every day for at least one week

The symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in important daily areas of functioning and occupation

The symptoms are not a result of use of a substance, medication, or medical condition, and they cannot be better accounted for by other disorders.

Bipolar- Disorder

The classification is based on which is the dominant mood Bipolar type I: (frequent fluctuations

between low and expansive mood) & features a dominant manic mood Single manic episode: there is the

presence of a manic episode and no major depressive episode

Most recent hypomanic episode: there is currently hypomanic episode and there has been at least one manic or mixed episode in the past

Bipolar- Disorder

Most recent episode manic: there is a manic episode and there has been at least one major depressive, manic or mixed episode in the past

Most recent mixed: there is a mixed episode and there has been at least one major depressive, manic, or mixed episode in the past

Most recent depressed: there is currently major depressive episode and there has been at least one manic or mixed episode in the past.

Bipolar- Disorder

Bipolar II: features a dominant depressed mood There is one or more major depressive

episodes and at least one hypomanic episode in the past, but there has never been a manic or mixed episode.

The impairment in function typically occurs during depressed mood not the hypomanic ones

Bipolar- Disorder

o Cyclothymic disorder: is a chronic (at least 2 year period) mood disturbances that is characterized byo There have been periods of hypomanic symptoms

with periods of depressive symptoms for at least two years that are NOT of sufficient number or severity to reach criteria for either manic episodes or major depressive episodes. and the person has not been symptoms free for more than two months. Moreover, there have been no major depressive, manic, or mixed episode during that time.

Bipolar-Impact on occupational performance

Impaired occupational performance are similar to those individuals complaining of depression or manic episode.