Presented By:Naeem Muzafar

Usman Ali

Raza ullah Karim

Tufail Inayat

Fazal Wahab

MBA(B&F)

3rd Semester

Emotions and Moods Emotions and Moods

What are Emotions and What are Emotions and MoodsMoodsAffect – a generic term that

encompasses both emotions and moods

Emotions – intense feelings that are directed at someone or something

Moods – feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus

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Affect, Emotions and Affect, Emotions and MoodsMoods

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Aspects of EmotionsAspects of EmotionsBiology of Emotions – emotions

originate in the brain’s limbic system, which is different for each person

Intensity – different people give different responses to identical emotion-provoking stimuli

Frequency and Duration – some emotions occur more frequently and emotions differ in how long they last

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Aspects of Emotions Aspects of Emotions (cont.)(cont.)Emotions and Rationality – Our

emotions provide important information about how we understand the world around us.

Evolutionary Psychology – states that we must experience emotions because they serve a purpose; hard to know if this is valid all the time

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Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Basic Moods: Positive and Negative AffectsAffects

o Emotions cannot be neutral.Emotions (“markers”) are grouped into general

mood states.Mood states affect perception and therefore

perceived reality.

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Sources of Emotions and MoodsSources of Emotions and MoodsPersonality – predisposes people

to experience certain moods and emotions. Affect intensity affects the strength of the emotion

Day of week and Time of day – more positive interactions will likely occur from mid-morning onwards and also later in the week

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Day of Week Impact on Day of Week Impact on MoodMood

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More SourcesMore SourcesWeather – not an impact

according to researchStress – increased stress worsens

moodsSocial Activities – usually

increase positive mood and have little effect on negative mood

Sleep – less sleep or poor quality sleep increases negative emotions

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More SourcesMore SourcesExercise – enhances positive

moodAge – older people experience

negative emotions less frequentlyGender – women show greater

emotional expression, experience emotions more intensely and display more frequent expressions of emotions

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External Constraints on External Constraints on EmotionsEmotions

Organizational Influences – most American organizations strive to be emotion-free

Cultural Influences – cultures vary in:◦ Degree to which people

experience emotions◦ Interpretation of emotions◦ Norms for the expression of

emotions

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Emotional LaborEmotional Labor

An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work

Emotional dissonance is when an employee has to project one emotion while feeling another one

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Felt vs. Displayed Felt vs. Displayed EmotionsEmotionsFelt emotions are the individual’s

actual emotionsDisplayed emotions are those that

the organization requires workers to show

Surface acting is hiding our true emotions

Deep acting is trying to change one’s feelings based on display rules

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Emotional IntelligenceEmotional IntelligenceOne’s ability to detect and

manage emotional cues and information

Five dimensions:◦Self-awareness◦Self-management◦Self-motivation◦Empathy◦Social skills

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The case for EIThe case for EIIntuitive appeal – it makes senseEvidence suggests that a high

level of EI predicts high job performance

Study suggests that EI is neurologically based

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The case against EIThe case against EIEI is too vague a conceptEI can’t be measuredEI is so closely related to

intelligence and personality that it is not unique when those factors are controlled

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OB Applications of OB Applications of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and MoodsSelection – employers should

consider EI a factor in hiring employees, especially for jobs that demand a high degree of social interaction.

Decision Making – Positive emotions can increase problem-solving skills and so positive people find better solution to problems.

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OB Applications of OB Applications of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and MoodsCreativity – Positive moods

increase creativity.Motivation – Organizations that

promote positive moods are likely to have a more motivated workforce.

Leadership – Emotions help convey messages more effectively

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OB Applications of OB Applications of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and MoodsCustomer Service – customers

“catch” emotions from employees, called emotional contagion.

Emotional contagion is important because when customer catch positive moods or emotions of employees they shop longer.

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OB Applications of OB Applications of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and MoodsJob Attitudes – emotions at work

get carried home but rarely carry over to the next day.

Deviant Workplace Behaviors – those who feel negative emotions are more likely to engage in deviant behavior at work.

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How Can Managers How Can Managers Influence Moods?Influence Moods?Use humor to lighten the moment.

Give small tokens of appreciation.

Stay in a good mood themselves – lead by example.

Hire positive people.7-22