more ior 2009
TRANSCRIPT
IOR TECHNIQUESImproved Oil Recovery covers Supplemental Recovery, Improved Reservoir Management and Enhanced Recovery (Slide 1). Slide 1 also illustrates the four typical stages of an (offshore) oil field’s life cycle: (I) primary recovery, (II) plateau production, (III) tail end production and finally (IV) late field rejuvenation. The classical definition of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary recovery (Slide 2) do not cover/describe the actual value activities encountered. Primary Recovery and Improved Oil Recovery is presented as a neo-classical representation of the recovery techniques. This neo-classical approach represents the global technical challenges.
Primary recovery is achieved utilising the natural energy stored in the reservoir fluids and underlying aquifer. The primary recovery efficiency is due to one or more of the following mechanisms taking place in the reservoir: solution gas drive; gas cap drive; natural aquifer drive; fluid and rock expansion; and gravity drainage.
Supplemental recovery is achieved by using external energy added to the reservoir fluid system to supplement the primary recovery mechanism. No fundamental changes occur to the physicochemical properties of the displacing or displaced fluids. Typically this external energy is provided by water or immiscible gas.
Enhanced recovery techniques use external energy added to the reservoir fluid system. However, fundamental changes occur to the physicochemical properties of the displacing or displaced fluids. These physicochemical changes affect the chemical, biochemical, density, miscibility, surface or interfacial tension, and viscosity or thermal nature of the reservoir fluid system.
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IMPROVED HYDROCARBON RECOVERY + RESERVES ADDITION1. GAS AND ADDITIONAL OIL RECOVERY BY LATE FIELD
DEPRESSURISATION [dissolved GOR >600 scf/stb]2. VISCOUS OIL RECOVERY PROCESSES {ie cp>10, M>3)}
[Polymer, Hot Water, Steam, Insitu-Combustion] NB: Heavy Oil {cp>1000}3. GAS INJECTION
* GRAVITY STABILISED GAS INJECTION {GSGI}* HORIZONTAL GAS INJECTION {HGI}* OPTIMAL GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
4. MODIFIED WATERFLOOD[Improved Waterflood Techniques; MEOR-BOS, Surfactant, Foam, Polymer]
5. FLOW DIVERSION TECHNIQUES[Microbial, Polymer-Gels, Polymer RPM, Foams]
6. HORIZONTAL AND EXTENDED REACH WELL TECHNOLOGY7. IMPROVED RESERVOIR MANAGEMENTINFRASTRUCTURE8. IMPROVED FACILITY SCIENCE, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYENVIRONMENT9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
[The Problem ?, Measuring, Monitoring, Reducing, Avoiding, Remediation]BUSINESS & SOCIETY10. BUSINESS VALUE
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IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY & TIGHT GAS
UTTLP
GE
M
Ultra-TightTightLow PermeabilityPoor Permeability
Good PermeabilityExcellent Permeability
Medium Permeability
>0.001>0.01>0.1>1
>100>1000
>10
(mD) IOR Techniques
WaterFlood
Tight Gas
>0.0001
GAS RESERVOIRS
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>0.00001ETUET
Extreme-TightUltra Extreme-Tight
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… challenge to extract more from substantial Resources [>2006]
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
SPE_EOR Last Drop 05_2007.url
0
1
2
3
4
5
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
2021
Daily production mmboe
Oil
Dry Gas + HPHT
2031 20
41
Discoveries
IOR projects
New projects
Where are we today? [2006]
Big Structures
Subtle, Smaller, Complex Trap Structures
62 Billion BOE_MORE
EOR: Heavy/Viscous Thermal Polymer Surfactant Carbon Dioxide Flue Gas
Appraisal
Drilling Technologies& Facilities
Production Technologies EOR Technologies
E&A,D,P = £370 billion @12/2006 [UKOOA] 3 Billion BOE_EOR
RESOURCE EXPLOITATION
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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES… about being more PRODUCTIVE
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• DRILLING more PRODUCTIVE WELLS• FACILITIES PRODUCING more RESERVES• ABILITY to EXPLOIT TIGHT GAS ROCKS• ABILITY to EXPLOIT VISCOUS - HEAVY OIL• ABILITY to EXTRACT P50 RESERVES [MARGINAL FIELDS]
INTEGRATED MULTI-TASKINGMARKET ORIENTED RESOURCE EXPLOITATION
Business Environment
Insight, Originality, Reality
TechnicalEvaluation
Implementation
Data
Characterisation
PEOPLE & TECHNOLOGY
AcquisitionDecisions
Knowledge
PRODUCTION
The PLAN
"The REAL ASSET"
The STRATEGY
Command & Control
DESIGN
INTEGRATION
[Operational Enactment]
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES… challenge to extract more from substantial Resources [>2006]
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• TIGHT GAS eg Cygnus SNS [>2 TCF GIIP]
• DEEP WATER OIL eg Santos Basin [100+ billion BO STOIIP]
• HPHT & XHPHT eg UKCS [>10 billion BOE HIIP]
• SHALE GASie Fraccing
• OIL SANDS [extra heavy oil] [>2 trillion BO STOIIP]
ie SAGD; Surface Processing [upgrader gasification process];
Catalytic Upgrading [downhole]
• DEEP WATER GAS eg West of Shetlands [>3 TCF GIIP]