more on culture… subcultures and countercultures
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More on Culture…More on Culture…Subcultures and Countercultures
SubcultureSubcultureA cultural subgroup differentiated
by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or other factors that functionally unify the group and act collectively on each member◦“Hicks” as a subculture?◦Cliques within the student population
as subcultures
CountercultureCountercultureA culture, especially of young
people, with values or lifestyle in opposition to those of the established culture
Seeks to change the dominant culture
The 1920sThe 1920sAfter WWI, the birth of new social,
sexual, and musical freedoms produced a countercultural backlash that resulted in the clashing of racial identities, gender roles, and ethnic disturbances◦ Women asserting independence
“Flappers”
◦ Prohibition and reaction against it◦ Jazz and racial issues
The 1930sThe 1930s
DepressionClass war?
◦ Sacco and Vanzetti (anarchy, controversial trial)
◦ Bonnie and Clyde (outlaws)
◦ Woody Guthrie (folk music, revolutionary, ‘this land is your land’)
The 1940sThe 1940s
Well…
The 1950sThe 1950s
Post WWIISociety generally
conservative, rigid◦ Military influence? Cold War
beginning?Reactionary movements
◦ Civil rights Rosa Parks Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. Black Panther Party (60s)
◦ The Beat movement
The Beat MovementThe Beat Movement
JazzDrugsSexual experimentationRejection of materialismKey figures
◦ Jack Kerouac (On the Road)◦ Allen Ginsberg
The 1960sThe 1960sChildren who grew up in the
repressive 50s react against itReaction against escalating cold
war and VietnamWomen’s liberation movement
◦Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique◦“The Pill” and implications
HippiesHippies
More drugs◦ Marijuana◦ LSD
Dr. Timothy Leary Performed LSD
experiements Turn on, Tune in, drop
out Ken Kesey
Acid Tests and the Merry Pranksters
HippiesHippies
Questioning Authority◦ “Don’t Trust Anyone
Over 30”Anti-war movement
◦ Protests◦ Draft Dodgers
MusicMusic
Protest Music◦ Bob Dylan
Psychedelic Music◦ Jimi Hendrix◦ The Grateful
Dead
The 70s – 80sThe 70s – 80s
Not much in terms of counterculture◦ Reaction against
counterculture movement of 60s?
LGBT movement◦ Harvey Milk
The Punk Movement◦ Anti-establishment, anti-
authority, etc.◦ Sex Pistols, Ramones,
Clash, Dead Boys
The 1990sThe 1990s
EnvironmentalismAnti-globalization
movement◦ Reaction to
America’s foreign policy
◦ WTO/IMF/World BankMusical
background◦ Punk, Folk◦ Rage Against the
Machine◦ Grung
The 2000sThe 2000sReaction to war in Iraq/war on
terror/Bush –era policies?What are contemporary
counterculture movements?Will we ever see such a massive,
relatively uniform counterculture movement, like we did in the 60s, again?