Moroccan Andalusian Music

With

Manuel de Falla

By Aris Weathersby

Morocco •Located in North African, South of Spain•Population of 32 million •172,487 sq mi  •Part of the Maghreb region in Africa with Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania •It is a constitutional Monarchy•The Barbary Lion is widely considered the national emblem•Atlantic coast•Sahara to South West•Atlas Mountain Range•Numerous Climates(Mediterranean, Dry etc..)

Morocco• Numerous region within Morocco

• Main religion is Sunni Islam

• Has a Jewish Minority

• 99% of Population is Arab-Berber

• Mainly Speak Moroccan-Arabic

• French is the Second Language

Regions of Morocco

Morocco:Islamic Influence

• Morocco was first introduced to western society by the Phoenician trading colonies eventually leadingto exposure to Rome which caused Christianity to be brought in the 2nd century –Berbers• In the 7th century an Islamic conquest of North Africa by the

Umayyads brought Islam to Morocco, which was accepted by many Berbers

• This resulted in Islamic culture being transferred to Morocco and the Berbers interpreting it in their own unique style

Andalusian Music

• Mix of eastern music with Berber folk music

• Numerous types of Berber folk, Gnawa (spiritual healing music), Chaabi (celebratory, usually performed in markets and celebrations), Classic Malhun (sung poetry) Classic Sufi (Mystical ecstasy)

• Morocco became a passage way for trade because of it close proximity to Spain and hence forth the rest of Europe

• The trading lead to the Moorish culture bleeding into Spain and influencing its musical scene for years to come

• Some important musical cities in Morocco are  Fes, Essaouira, Rabat, Tetouan

Moroccan Instruments

OUD

Mizmars

NEYDrum

Al-Andalus Ensemble

• The Al-Andalus Ensemble is made up of Tarik & Julia Baniz and Charlie Bisharat

• Tarik is a descendent of an Andalusian family of Teutan Morocco. He grew up with the Andalusian music and has indtroduced many modern tonalities to flamenco music.

• Julia (Tarik’s Wife) is a world renowned flamenco guitarist who teaches guitar at Lewis & Clark College and Reed College.

• Charlie Bisharat is the violinist for the Ensemble, he has toured with the Los Angeles Philharmonic among other groups and is a very busy recording artist.

• They often perform with vocals, traditional Andalusian dancers, and various other musicians

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjT7YaLqleI

Al –Andalus Ensemble

Al-Andalus: Laberinto

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wm0NcFTjfh0

• Characteristics• Driving rhythm• Oud and Violin execute melody separately and in harmony

• Guitar provides rhythm while Oud and Violin perform solo melodies

• Melodic Instruments execute polyphonic lines• Dynamics• Syncopation throughout

Manuel de Falla

• Manuel de Falla was born as Manuel María de los Dolores Falla y Matheu in the Spanish town of Cadiz.

• De Falla learned music at a young age first from his mother and grandfather.• Inspired by some of Edvar Griegs works, “my definitive vocation is music”• In 1896 de Falla moved to Madrid and studied at the Real Conservatorio de Música y

Declamación

• Interest in Andalusian Flamanco music or Canto jondo

• In Paris he met Debussey, Dukas, and Ravel whose orchestrations influenced de Falla’s own

• Then retutrned back to Madrid and wrote one of his most famous works Noches en los jardines de España which drew from Andalusian influences

• Recognized as Spain’s leading composer

• Lived in Granada, Malloroca, and Argentina

Manuel de Falla

Manuel de Falla: Suite PopulaireMvt 1 for Cello and Guitar

El Paño Moruno

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E62kiwwhsu8

• Characteristics• Key of D• F# Phrygian mode• Main melodic line with harmonic accompaniment • Guitar provides staccato rhythm • Pizzicato technique used by Cello • Harmonization throughout• Dynamics used• 3/8 time then switches to ¾ and back

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KIxBa9H8jE

Musical Comparison

Similarities1. Guitars provide rhythm2. Multiple instruments harmonize3. Dynamics used4. Strong melodic lines throughout

•Phrygian mode used•Main melodic line holds throughout•Guitar provides rhythm •Pizzicato technique used by Cello •Harmonization throughout •Dynamics used•Time signature shift

•Driving rhythm•Oud and Violin execute melody separately and in harmony•Guitar provides rhythm along with percussion while Oud and Violin perform solo melodies

•Volume fluctuations (Dynamics)•Polyphonic sections•Syncopation

Moroccan:Al –AndalusEnsemble

Western:Manuel de Falla

Work Cited• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla

• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/200829/Manuel-de-Falla

• http://www.andalus.com/bio.php

• http://www.belly-dance.org/instruments/Mizmar-zurna.jpg

• http://www.instrumentsmedievaux.org/imagins/rebab.JPG

• http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1262/5113753254_3eac2f8bd9.jpg

• http://folkmusicsmb.blogspot.com/2011/08/21-strings-21-al-andalus-ensemble.html

• http://kboo.fm/sites/default/files/nodeimages/seeds_web.jpg

• http://www.andalus.com/music.php

• http://i.colnect.net/images/f/650/613/Manuel-de-Falla.jpg

• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_v6u92vbG_qE/TOuAu48bcYI/AAAAAAAALhU/wu0rfqUOWv8/s400/057D3CA-CUL-P1_1.jpeg

• http://fezsacredmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/orchestre-Briouel-1.jpg