mortar bombs lesson 25 6 periods. introduction a mortar is a smooth-bore, muzzle- loading, infantry...
TRANSCRIPT
Mortar Bombs
Lesson 25
6 Periods
Introduction
A MORTAR is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loading, infantry weapon.
Objective
Identify
Evaluate
Select appropriate RSP
Calibres found in Afghanistan
2 inch – British – Pak or Indian copies 60mm - Chinese 81mm – Egyptian, NATO, Yugoslavia 82mm – FSU, Chinese 120mm – FSU 160mm – FSU 240mm - FSU
Tactical Role
HE Fragmentation
Illuminating
Smoke WP Screening Smoke
Fragmentation
Used against personnel and materiel
Providing both fragmentation and blast effect.
All calibres found in Afghanistan
Make-Up
Make-Up
Markings
FSU and Chinese: OBC is grey or olive drab with black
markings Egyptian:
OBC is black with yellow hazard band around nose
NATO: OBC is dark green with yellow hazard band
and stencilling
Markings
FSU: or
NATO:Designation and calibre
Chinese:Designation and calibre – mix Chinese and
EnglishEgyptian is in ARABIC
Method of Functioning
When the mortar bomb is loaded, it slides down the mortar tube until the percussion primer in the ignition cartridge strikes the firing pin in the base cap of the mortar.
The flash from the primer ignites the primary cartridge, and the cartridge ignites the augmenting charge.
Method of Functioning
Rapidly expanding gases from the burning propellant expel (push) the mortar bomb from the mortar tube and propel it to the target.
The mortar bomb is fin-stabilized in flight. On Firing, the setback allows the fuze to start
arming by freeing the safety mechanism. During Flight, the striker moves forward, under
the impulse of the striker spring, to free the shutter. The shutter moves into the armed position under the action of its spring.
Method of Functioning
The point-detonating fuze functions on impact, detonating the fuze booster charge and, in turn, the high explosive charge.
The high explosive charge shatters the projectile body, producing near optimum fragmentation and blast effect at the target.
Evaluation of Arming State
Check percussion primer on base: If STRUCK, assume fired, therefore ARMED If NOT struck, assume nor fired, therefore
UNARMED
Check gas vent holes in tail unit: If still INTACT and primer not struck, assume
UNARMED If burnt through assume ARMED If INTACT and primer is STRUCK, assume MISFIRE
Check general condition
EOD RSP
UNARMED Remove for disposal at CDS
MISFIRE Treat as ARMED
ARMED Attempt to remove fuze remotely OR Destroy in Situ
Final Disposal
82mm Yugoslavian NEQ: 680g
Associated Fuzes
Chinese Fuze – PD - MP1B (60 & 82mm)
FSU & Chinese Fuze – PD - M6 (82mm)
FSU – PD - GVMZ7 (120 & 160mm)
FSU – PD - M5 & M5M (120 & 82mm)
Most Common Mortar Fuze - M6
British 2” Mortars
NEQ: 170g
Pakistan 51mm Mortar
NEQ: 100g
Chinese 60mm Type 27
NEQ: 100g
Yugoslavian 60mm M73
NEQ: 220g
Egyptian 81mm
NEQ: 554g
Typical NATO 81mm
NEQ: 720 to 960g
FSU 82mm
NEQ: 435g
Egyptian 82mm
NEQ: 440g
Chinese 82mm
NEQ: 392g
FSU 120mm
NEQ: 1.58 to 2.7kg
FSU 240mm
NEQ: 50kg
Illuminating
Used for lighting up a desired point or area.
Normally only FSU 82mm and 120mm found in Afghanistan.
Make-Up: FSU 82mm
Make-Up - FSU 120mm
Markings
OBC is grey or olive drab with white band and black markings
in Cyrillic which is S in English
Method of Functioning
When the mortar bomb is loaded, it slides down the mortar tube until the percussion primer in the ignition cartridge strikes the firing pin in the base cap of the mortar.
The flash from the primer ignites the primary cartridge, and the cartridge ignites the augmenting charge.
Method of Functioning
Rapidly expanding gases from the burning propellant expel (push) the mortar bomb from the mortar tube and propel it to the target.
The mortar bomb is fin-stabilized in flight.
Method of Functioning
At a pre-set time the fuze functions in flight.
The expulsion charge ignites and ejects the candle assembly.
A spring ejects the parachute from the tail cone. The parachute opens, slowing the descent of the burning candle which illuminates the target.
Evaluation of Arming State
Check percussion primer on base: If STRUCK, assume fired, therefore ARMED If NOT struck, assume nor fired, therefore
UNARMED
Check gas vent holes in tail unit: If still INTACT and primer not struck, assume
UNARMED If burnt through assume ARMED If INTACT and primer is STRUCK, assume MISFIRE
Check general condition
EOD RSP
UNARMED Remove for disposal at CDS
MISFIRE Treat as ARMED
ARMED Attempt to remove fuze remotely OR Destroy in Situ – do NOT use a shaped charge
Final Disposal
Associated Fuzes
Fuze Time: TSQ, Model T-1, 82 & 120mm
Incorporates a time combustible element and a PD element
Possible – 2” British Copy
82mm
120mm
Smoke
Used for obscuring an area. Also used for spotting or target
indication Normally only FSU and Yugoslavian
82mm and FSU 120mm found in Afghanistan
Make-Up: FSU 82mm
Make-Up
Markings
OBC is grey or olive drab with black band and black markings
in Cyrillic which is D in English
Main difference in make-up is adapter ring at neck – always look for this when checking for markings
Method of Functioning
When the mortar bomb is loaded, it slides down the mortar tube until the percussion primer in the ignition cartridge strikes the firing pin in the base cap of the mortar.
The flash from the primer ignites the primary cartridge, and the cartridge ignites the augmenting charge.
Method of Functioning
Rapidly expanding gases from the burning propellant expel (push) the mortar bomb from the mortar tube and propel it to the target.
The mortar bomb is fin-stabilized in flight.
Method of Functioning
On impact, the fuze functions.The fuze initiates the burster charge.The burster charge ruptures the body
and disperses the WP filler.The WP produces smoke upon exposure
to the air.The WP mortar bomb uses the same
fuze as the HE fragmentation
Evaluation of Arming State
Check percussion primer on base: If STRUCK, assume fired, therefore ARMED If NOT struck, assume nor fired, therefore
UNARMED
Check gas vent holes in tail unit: If still INTACT and primer not struck, assume
UNARMED If burnt through assume ARMED If INTACT and primer is STRUCK, assume MISFIRE
Check general condition
EOD RSP
UNARMED Remove for disposal at CDS
MISFIRE Treat as ARMED
ARMED Attempt to remove fuze remotely OR Destroy in Situ
Final Disposal
Safety Considerations
Ensure the WP is not leaking before moving it in a vehicle.
Carry the munition in a sealed water container ensuring the munition is immersed in the water.
Rake the soil carefully after destroying a WP munition in-situ. Go back and rake the next three days.
Remember WP is toxic smoke and is harmful.
British 2” Smoke
82mm
120mm