Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1

Chapter 1 Food, Nutrition, and Health

AHMAD ADEEB

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 2

Chapter 1Chapter 1Lesson 1Lesson 1

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 3

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

• Optimal personal and community nutrition is a major component of health promotion.

• Certain nutrients in food are essential to our health and well-being.

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 4

Nutrition and DieteticsNutrition and Dietetics

• Nutrition Food people eat and how bodies use it

• Nutritional science Scientific knowledge on human’s food

requirements

• Dietetics Health profession for applying nutritional science

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 5

Nutrition and DieteticsNutrition and Dietetics(…Cont’d)

• Registered Dietitian (RD) Nutrition authority on the health care team Also referred to as clinical nutrition specialist

or public health nutritionist

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 6

Health and WellnessHealth and Wellness

• Good nutrition is essential to good health

• Health must include meeting basic human needs

• Wellness seeks the full development of potential for all persons

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 7

Wellness Movement and Wellness Movement and National Health GoalsNational Health Goals

• Response to medical care system’s focus on illness and disease

• Response to rising health costs

• Focuses on lifestyle and personal choices

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 8

Traditional and Preventive Traditional and Preventive Approaches to HealthApproaches to Health

• Traditional Attempts change only when illness or disease

already exist Little value for lifelong positive health

• Preventive Identify risk factors Allows people to choose behaviors to

minimize risk of disease

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 9

Good NutritionGood Nutrition

• Well-developed body

• Ideal weight for body composition

• Good muscle development

• Smooth skin, glossy hair, clear and bright eyes

• Mental and physical alertness

• Ability to resist disease

• Increased life span

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 10

Nutrients in FoodNutrients in Food

• Provide energy

• Build tissue

• Regulate metabolic processes

• Individual nutrients have many special metabolic functions

• No nutrient ever works alone

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 11

Energy SourcesEnergy Sources

• Carbohydrates Primary source of fuel for heat and energy Maintain body’s back-up store of quick energy Should provide 45%-65% of total kilocalories

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 12

Energy SourcesEnergy Sources(…Cont’d)

• Fats Animal and plant sources Secondary (storage) form of heat and energy Should provide no more than 20%-35% of

total kilocalories

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 13

Energy SourcesEnergy Sources(…Cont’d)

• Proteins Source of energy when supply from

carbohydrates and fats is insufficient Primary function is tissue building Should provide 10%-35% of total kilocalories

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 14

Tissue BuildingTissue Building

• Proteins Provide amino acids• Necessary for building and repairing tissues

• Vitamins and minerals Vitamin C for tissue building Calcium and phosphorus• Building and maintaining bone

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 15

Tissue BuildingTissue Building(…Cont’d)

• Iron Builds hemoglobin in the blood

• Fatty acids Build central fat substance of cell walls

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 16

Regulation and ControlRegulation and Control

• Vitamins Function as coenzyme factors• Components of cell enzymes in governing

chemical reaction during cell metabolism

• Minerals Also serve as coenzyme factors

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 17

Regulation and ControlRegulation and Control(…Cont’d)

• Other nutrients Water• Essential base for all metabolic processes

Fiber• Regulates passage of food material through GI

tract

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 18

Types of NutritionTypes of Nutrition

• Optimal nutrition Obtained from a varied diet Desired amounts should be balanced

• Under nutrition Less than desired amounts of nutrients Limits work capacity, immune system, mental

activity

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 19

Types of NutritionTypes of Nutrition(…Cont’d)

• Malnutrition Reserves depleted Nutrient and energy intake insufficient

• Over nutrition Excess nutrient and energy intake over time Produces harmful gross body weight Excessive amounts of nutrient supplements

over time

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 20

Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes

• Published by the National Academy of Sciences

• Updated every 5-10 years

• Includes recommendations for each gender and age group

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 21

Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid

• Simple practical education tool

• Basis for general meal planning and food-intake pattern

• Promotes carbohydrates while limiting fat intake

• Daily food-group choices may be spread over three or more meals

(Cont'd…)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 22

Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid(…Cont’d)

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 23

Principles of Principles of Nutrition TherapyNutrition Therapy

• Weight management

• Sodium control

• Proper diet of minerals

• Additional lifestyle factors

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 24

Dietary Guidelines for Dietary Guidelines for AmericansAmericans