MOTION DETECTION

TECHNOLOGY

By :

Abhinav JhaAnkur Kumar

Aniket

WHAT IS IT ??

MOTION DETECTION IS THE PROCESS OF DETECTING A CHANGE IN POSITION OF

AN OBJECT RELATIVE TO ITS SURROUNDINGS OR THE CHANGE IN THE

SURROUNDINGS RELATIVE TO AN OBJECT .

A Simple Motion Detector

THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE DEVICE VARIES WITH ITS TYPE .

Active

Passive

Types

ACTIVE MOTION DETECTORS

The active sensors emit some kind of energy into the surrounding medium to make an accurate reading , whether it is infrared light , microwave radiation or sound waves .

These use dual beam transmission as structure , one side with transmitter for emitting infrared ray, the other side with receiver for receiving the ray .

The working theory is that the transmitter emits the energy rays (say infrared rays ) which get focused when they go through spherical mirror and after travelling some distance, the receiver accept the infrared beam. When the beam is cut (break) by any object , appropriate action (say Alarm) is triggered .

These active infrared beam detector can not transmit long range distance , it's reasonable to install them in the distance of 20-300 meters.

PASSIVE MOTION DETECTORS

Passive motion sensors do not emit any energy by themselves, but they can read relative changes of energy in the surrounding medium .

The infrared signals are the most significantly used mechanisms , there are several other types of detectors that may use radio waves , magnetic sensors in a much similar fashion to detect motion .

Passive motion detectors that work by measuring the incoming infrared energy are widely known as PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors. Infrared light is responsible for transmitting heat through radiation, and because the human body is a heat source it also emits infrared radiation

The device performs an action only when the motion detector observes rapid variations in infrared energy distribution , such as those associated with the normal movement of a human . Any smaller variations in energy reading are filtered out , so that the sensor is not triggered accidentally by natural events such as the slow heat variations in the supervised area .

Block Diagram of a TypicalPassive Infrared Motion Detector

APPLICATIONS OF MOTION

DETECTION

SECURITY SOLUTIONS

ANTI THEFT SYSTEMS

We have all been audience to movies where an antihero breaks through motion detectors and emerges victorious . In real life , that is a lot easier said , then done . Ultra modern devices built on motion detection technology can prove to be a very efficient security system . These are being used all around the world and are become even more secure with time .

AUTOMATIC DOORS & LOCKS

Several automatic elevators , trains , etc use motion detection technology in their door locking system . The sensor is fixed between the two ends of the door . While the door shuts , if there is any disturbance recorded like someone trying to enter while the door is being closed , the doors move apart enabling the person to get in safely .

MONITORING SYSTEMS

Motion sensors paired with some other devices like cameras can work very efficiently in taking care of children , elder people and patients when there is no human monitoring done on them . This enhances their safety .

DANGER

SMART SOLUTIONS

SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS

Motion sensors are used to activate street lights/indoor lights in walkways (such as

lobbies and staircases). In such smart lighting systems, energy is conserved by only

powering the lights for the duration of a timer , after which the person has presumably left the

area.

MOTION GAMING

Motion detectors in gaming consoles create a virtual environment providing a real life

experience using motion sensing technology . For instance , in a Tennis video game , the

actions of the players holding the detector are reflected in the game making the game

realistic .

SMART HANDS-FREE FAUCETS

Smart Hands-Free Faucets have recently found widespread popularity and demand . These have motion detectors attached to them , that sense human movement and trigger the flow of water when needed . These conserve up to 70% water that is generally wasted due to negligence or unintentionally . Moreover these belong to the class of the most trendy & comfortable appliances .

EXTRAPOLATION : A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE

SMART VEHICLESWe aspire for a future where the vehicles would be smart enough to help us travel without a human driver . Integrating technologies such as GPS and motion detection and recognition this is indeed a possibility . There can even be enhancements made to the current models of vehicles where accidents resulting from collisions can be avoided using motion detection . Imagine a car that is smart enough to detect an activity in a certain field and would automatically stop or change path to avoid accidents . DANGER

ROBOTICS

All of us aspire for a world where robots will perform tasks for us . Moreover robots are not a dream anymore , rather around the globe, significant amount of work is being done in the field of robotics . A lot of work is still needed in robotics . Motion detection and recognition technologies are crucial components in advanced robotic systems .

THANK YOU !!