motivation dr: amir el- fiky
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Motivation DR: Amir El- fiky. Definition: "Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.". - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
DR: AMIR EL-FIKY.DR: AMIR EL-FIKY.
Definition:Definition:
"Motivation is defined as the process that
initiates, guides and maintains goal-
oriented behaviors. Motivation is what
causes us to act, whether it is getting a
glass of water to reduce thirst or
reading a book to gain knowledge."
- Motives can be innate or acquired. - Innate motives are characterized by
being: 1-Universal: found in all members of the
species. 2-Permanent: Found (active or inactive) all
the time. 3-Present since birth. However, the separation between innate
motive and other motive is not very well delineated.
I- Biological Motives: I- Biological Motives:
- - Such as hunger, thirst, sleep,
temperature, pain and sex .
- Have their origin in the physiological
state of the body.
- These motives can be aroused by
changes of the balanced or homeostatic
levels of body processes.
General drives, like biological drives, are
inborn. Unlike biological drives, they do not
appear to operate on the principle of
homeostasis.
Three general drives of particular interest are:
1. The curiosity drive
2. The activity drive.
3. The affectional drive.
- These are motives mainly stimulated and
perpetuated by social stimuli and habits.
- These are mostly learned motives that
involve other people.
- One way to look at acquired motives is to
think of them as somewhat stable,
persistent behavioral tendencies.
1. Need for achievement.2. Need for autonomy.3. Need for order.4. Need for affiliation.5. Need for dominance.6. Need for exhibition.7. Need for aggression.
Sigmund Freud, the father of
psychoanalysis, believed that motives can
be unconscious.
Freud asserted that there is a force in the
mind called repression.
The two kinds of motives that tend to be
repressed are forbidden sexual desires
and forbidden aggressive urges.
Psychologist Abraham Maslow first
introduced his concept of a hierarchy of
needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human
Motivation".
This hierarchy suggests that people are
motivated to fulfill basic needs before
moving on to other needs.
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