motivation to eat
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Motivation to Eat. AP Psychology. What Motivates us to Eat?. Complete the survey The measure is based on a four-category model of motivations for alcohol use The model specifies the following four specific motivations for eating that extend beyond the need for nourishment - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Motivation to EatAP Psychology
What Motivates us to Eat?Complete the survey The measure is based on a four-category model of
motivations for alcohol useThe model specifies the following four specific
motivations for eating that extend beyond the need for nourishment
To cope with negative affectTo be socialTo comply with others’ expectationsTo enhance pleasure
What Motivates us to Eat?Most important—
this scale recognizes that psychological motivations can play an important role in the initiation of both healthy and disordered eating
ScoringCoping
Add the numbers placed before the following items: 5 7 9 10 11
Social MotivationAdd the numbers placed
before the following items: 4 12 13 14 18
ScoringCompliance
Add the numbers placed before the following items: 15 16 17 19 20
PleasureAdd the numbers placed
before the following items: 1 2 3 6 8
Take a moment to identify your mean score for each category
Mean ScoresFemale UndergraduatesThe mean scores
were:1.78 for Coping2.74 for Social1.60 for Compliance2.33 for Pleasure
Male Undergraduates
The Mean scores were:1.78 for Coping2.66 for Social1.54 for Compliance2.28 for Pleasure
What commonalities do we see?What might explain the similarities and differences
What’s the Significance?Mean scores are for a group of generally
healthy peopleMay suggest:
These psychological motivations are not the dominant reasons healthy undergraduates eat
The Authors suggest:Disturbed eating results from chronically acting on
coping, compliance, and pleasure motivationsEven those who diet may see their eating as
motivated by depression, feelings of personal inadequacy, and as a way to comfort themselves.
What Motivates us to Eat?Would you do anything to survive? Would you
eat anything to live?1972 plane crash in the Andes MountainsSurvivors were stranded for 72 days, existing on
wine, chocolates, and finally the flesh of their dead comrades
The Decision to EatFactors Affecting their
Choice:Difficult decision“Life is more important”Developed rules for eatingChanged definitions of
“taboo”Encouraged others to eat
their flesh, if they too should die
DiscussHow strong is the hunger drive?
What do you think you would do in this situation?
The Psychology of HungerWhat affects hunger?Hunger does NOT
come from our stomach.
It comes from our…Brain
What part of the brain?The Hypothalamus
HypothalamusLateral Hypothalamus
Initiates HungerOrexin- a hormone that
when released by the lateral hypothalamus makes you feel hungry
When lesioned (destroyed) you will never be hungry again.
Ventromedial HypothalamusStops HungerWhen lesioned you
will never feel full again.
Hypothalamus Mnemonic:
I’m late for lunch. I’m hungry. The lateral
hypothalamus makes you hungry.
What affects hunger?Glucose- sugar that
circulates throughout the body that is used for energy-
Run low on glucose you feel hungry as orexin is now being released as a response“Satisfy your hunger and eat
a Snickers” What is the key ingredient in any candy bar? Sugar. Run low on glucose you become hungry
What affects Hunger?Insulin- hormone that converts glucose to energy-
high levels of insulin result in low levels of glucose- you feel hungryThink of a teeter-totter- when insulin goes up/ glucose
goes down- producing hunger
Glucose—produces Hunger
Insulin
What affects Hunger?CCK- produced by hormones in the gut that
provide short-term signals of satiation, or being full
CCK is released while you are eating in response to the lining of the stomach stretching-The more it stretches- the more CCK is released When you say; “I am stuffed,” that is because CCK
was released, signifying to the brain to stop eating
Review1. The most critical physiological factor controlling hunger is the
A. level of blood sugar
B. stomach contractions
C. taste of food
D. presence of fatigue
Review2. The maintenance of steady states of temperature and blood pressure are examples of
A. thermostasis
B. homeostasis
C. intrinsic motivation
D. biological rhythm
Review3. Electrically stimulating the lateral hypothalamus will cause a rat to
A. start eating
B. stop eating
C. start drinking
D. stop drinking
Review4. If the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed, a rat will
A. drink more water than biologically needed
B. refuse to drink until forced to do so.
C. eat until it becomes obese
D. refuse to eat until force fed.
Review5. The employees at a factory were excellent workers until a week before Christmas when a rumor spread that economic conditions would force the plant to close in four days. The quality and quantity of work took a down turn as the workers spent time discussing among themselves the plausibility of the rumor and what they would do if it were true. Maslow would say that these workers were motivated by
A. meta-needs
B. intrinsic motivation
C. esteem and self-esteem
D. safety and security
Set-Point TheorySet point theory is maintaining of the body’s ideal
weight This is maintained, or regulated through homeostasis,
which affects the basal metabolic rate- (BMR) the rate at which your body conserves and burns off calories.
The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat.Wants to maintain a stable weight.Activate the lateral when you diet and activate the
ventromedial when you start to gain weight.Ghrelin
Set-Point TheoryFactors that affect
the BMR:Women have a
slower BMR.Not eating lowers
your BMR.Exercising speeds
up the BMR.Overweight people
have a higher BMR.
Set-Point Theory--LeptinLeptin is a cell-signaling hormone vital in the
regulation of appetite, food intake and body weight.When fat mass decreases, the level of plasma leptin falls
so that appetite is stimulated until the fat mass is recovered.
By contrast, when fat mass increases, so do leptin levels and appetite is suppressed until weight loss occurs.
In this way leptin regulates energy intake and fat stores so that weight is maintained within a relatively narrow range.Resistance to leptin, or a lack of it have been associated
with obesity
ObesityObesity- is indicated by over 30 on the BMI- the
Body Mass IndexSeverely overweight to the point where it causes
health issues.Mostly eating habits but some people are
predisposed towards obesity.
Eating DisordersAnorexia Nervosa
Characterized by an obsession with body weight and a preoccupation to burn calories through excessive exercising and not eating
Bulimia NervosaCharacterized by
binging (consuming large amounts of calories) and purging- methods that involve ridding the body of food
Eating DisordersEating disorders
often involve perceptual distortions- even though a person is underweight they still see themselves as being overweight, which is why professional help is often required
With a small group…Read the article: “Why Men are Better Dieters
Than Women”Respond:
What makes men better dieters?Which motivational theory best matches up to this?Do you agree with their hypothesis?Are there any social or cultural aspects they may
have ignored?