motor%ability% - university of minnesota duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... ·...

17
Motor Ability Chapter 3 Chapter 3

Upload: hoangcong

Post on 02-Mar-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Motor  Ability  

Chapter  3  

Chapter  3  

Page 2: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

The  Terms  Ability  and  Motor  Ability  

 Ability   A  general  trait  or  capacity  of  a  person   Rela:vely  enduring  characteris:c   Serves  as  a  determinant  of  a  person’s  achievement  poten:al  for  the  performance  of  specific  skills    

 Motor  Ability   An  ability  that  is  specifically  related  to  the  performance  of  a  motor  skill  

 Each  person  has  a  variety  of  motor  abili:es  

Chapter  3  

Page 3: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Abili:es  as  Individual  Difference  Variables  

 Motor  abili:es  establish  achievement  poten:als  for  specific  motor  skills    

 Each  motor  skill  requires  specific  motor  abili:es  to  successfully  perform  it  

If  2  people  have  the  same       Amount  of  prac2ce     Level  and  amount  of  instruc2on     Mo2va2on  to  perform  the  skill  

Then  -­‐  Motor  abili:es  will  influence  the  level  of  performance  success  each  person  can/will  achieve  

Chapter  3  

Page 4: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Abili:es  as  Individual  Difference  Variables,  cont’d  

 Two  hypotheses:   General  Motor  Ability  Hypothesis:  many  different  motor  abili:es  that  exist  are  highly  related  within  a  person  and  can  be  grouped  as  a  singular,  global  motor  ability  (Brace,  1927;  McCloy,  1934)  

 Specificity  of  Motor  Ability  Hypothesis:  many  motor  abili:es  are  rela:vely  independent  in  an  individual  (Henry,  1961)  

Chapter  3  

Page 5: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Controversy  About  Rela:onship  Among  Motor  Abili:es  

 General  Motor  Ability  Hypothesis  

•  All  motor  abili:es  are  highly  related  to  each  other  

•  A  person  can  be  described  as  having  an  overall  amount  of  general  motor  ability  

 Specificity  of  Motor  Abili9es  Hypothesis  

•  All  motor  abili:es  are  rela:vely  independent  

•  Each  person  varies  in  the  amount  of  each  ability  

•  A  person’s  motor  ability  can  be  described  only  by  a  profile  of  amounts  of  each  of  several  specific  motor  abili:es  

Chapter  3  

Page 6: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Inclass  Discussion  

•  The  babe:  Can  a  general  motor  ability  be  defined  and  measured?    

– With  another  member  of  the  class  summarize  what  are  the  important  points  of  this  case!  

Chapter  3  

Page 7: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Ques:ons  

•  What  is  the  general  motor  ability  assump:on?  

•  What  is  the    specificity  of  individual  difference  view?  

•  What  does  the  all  around  athlete  term  mean?  

Chapter  3  

Page 8: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Discussion  Topic  

In  a  recent  movie  staring  Brad  Pi`  called  “Moneyball”,  the  movie  highlights  the  effort  about  Billie  Beam  and  how  he  was  able  to  run  Oakland  A’s  on  limited  budget  win  the  divisional  championship.      

Chapter  3  

Page 9: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Applica:on:  Major  league  baseball  scouts  

•  Prior  to  2000  many  players  were  draged  on:    –  how  fast  they  can  run  the  50  yard  dash  –  velocity  in  throwing  –  Hiing  –  Draging  players  out  of  HS  was  common  place  

•  Since  2000  many  players  are  draged  based  on:    –  On  base  percentage  –  Ability  to  hit  with  players  on  base  –  Slugging  %  –  Number  of  run  scored  –  Hiing  deep  in  the  count  versus  first  ball  hi`ers  –  If  they  played  college  ball    –  Number  hits  not  homeruns  

Chapter  3  

Page 10: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Billy  Ball  

•  Is  Billy  Ball  a  general  motor  ability  or  specificity  approach?  

•  What  affect  has  Billy  Ball  approach  had  on  major  league  baseball?  

Chapter  3  

Page 11: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

•  Pick  a  sport  of  your  choice.    How  would  you  determine  what  athletes  would  be  starter  or  nonstarters  using  the  general  motor  ability  &  specificity  of  individual  difference  views?  In  your  opinion  which  method  would  be  the  best!  Why?  

Chapter  3  

Page 12: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Research  Evidence  Supports  Specificity  Hypothesis  

Research  technique  to  test  the  ques:on  of  which  hypothesis  valid:  

 Correlate  any  two  motor  abili:es   Each  hypothesis  predicts  different  correla:on  result  –  What  are  these  different  results?  

 Ini:al  research  compared  RT  and  MT   Henry  and  colleagues  (1960s)  showed  low  correla:ons  

 See  example  in  “A  Closer  Look”  p.  40  

Chapter  3  

Page 13: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Generality  of  Specific  Abili:es  

Chapter  3  

Page 14: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Sta:c  vs.  Dynamic  Balance  

Conclusions  -­‐  Sta:c  and  dynamic  balance  are  dis:nct,  independent  abili:es.  As  a  motor  ability,  balance  must  be  viewed  as  a  mul9-­‐dimensional  ability.  

Chapter  3  

Page 15: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

2.  Timing  as  a  Motor  Ability  

•  External  vs.  Internal  Timing  – External  -­‐  Movement  :ming  based  on  external  source  (externally-­‐paced  :ming)  

–  Internal  -­‐  Timing  of  movement  based  on  person’s  internal  representa:on  of  :me  (self-­‐paced  :ming)  

•  Conclusion:  Research  evidence  indicates  dis:nct  :ming  abili:es  are  skill  specific  rather  than  related  to  a  general  :ming  ability    – See  experiments  described  in  textbook  

Chapter  3  

Page 16: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Iden:fying  Motor  Abili:es  

One  example  of  an  a`empt  to  iden:fy  motor  abili:es  

 Fleishman’s  Taxonomy  of  Motor  Abili:es  – Described  11  perceptual-­‐motor  abili:es  – See  Table  3.2  for  complete  list  and  defini9ons  

– People  differ  in  amount  of  each  ability  

Chapter  3  

Page 17: Motor%Ability% - University of Minnesota Duluthdmillsla/courses/motorlearning/... · Abili:es%as%Individual%Difference% Variables% Motor%abili:es%establish%achievement poten:alsforspecificmotorskills

Summary  

•  Ability  

•  General  motor  ability  versus  specificity  approach  

Chapter  3