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The Destruction of the Palace at Pylos ReconsideredAuthor(s): P. A. MountjoySource: The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 92 (1997), pp. 109-137Published by: British School at AthensStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30103480Accessed: 21-08-2014 09:46 UTC
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THE
DESTRUCTION
OF
THE PALACE AT PYLOS
RECONSIDERED'
INTRODUCTION
THERE
as been much discussion
concerning
the date of the destruction
of
the
palace
at
Pylos,
since,
apart
from the
question
of where
it
belongs
in
the series of destructionswhich occurred
in LH
III
B,
this event is
particularly
mportant
for the
dating
of the Linear
B tablets found in
the destruction
deposits.
The
excavator,
Carl
Blegen,
dated
the
destruction to transitional
LH III
B-C,
as
he
thought
the best
parallels
to the decorated
pottery
were
late
LH III
B,
but
that some vases
had
LH
III
C
characteristics.2
Other
scholars, however,
have
put
forward
dates
ranging
from 'mid-LH
III B
or a little
later'3
to 'towards
the end of LH III
B',4
'at
or
near the end of
LH III
B',5
and
LH
III
C,6
while,
most
recently,
M.
Popham
has
suggested
early LH III B.7The reason for the dissent on the date of the destructionlies in the nature of
the
pottery
from the
palace.
Painted
vessels,
which
are
easier to date than
unpainted
ones,
are
few and
anomalous:
some
match standard
LH III B
wares,
some seem
to
be closer to
LH III
A2
pottery,
one
or two would
fit into
LH III
C
Early,
while
many
are
seemingly
idiosyncratic
local
products.
Indeed,
in an
attempt
to accommodate one of the
latter,
a
darkground deep
bowl,
Popham
has even
suggested
there was another
occupation
level
in
later
LH
III
C or the
early
Iron
Age.8
The recent re-examination of the site
by
the
Minnesota
Pylos Project
has shown that there was
indeed Iron
Age postpalatial occupation.9
The
aim
of
1
Acknowledgements:this study is part of a larger work
(RMDP,
n
press)
financed
by
the
Alexander von Humboldt-
Stiftung,
the British
Academy,
and the Institute for
Aegean
Prehistory.
thank
H. W
Catling
for
allowing
me to include
unpublished
vases from his
excavations at the
Menelaion,
G.
Steinhauer for material from his
excavations at
Sykea,
the
American School of Classical
Studies for
permission
to draw
the
Pylos
material,
the Corinth
Excavations for the Korakou
material,
and the
Agora
Excavations for the North
Slope
vases.
I am
very grateful
to
Dr
H.
Catling
for
reading
and
commenting
on
the
manuscript.
Abbreviations:
AS
=
Ayios Stephanos
BSA
supp.
vol.,
ed.
R.
Janko;
in
preparation)
Ay.
Kosmas G.
Mylonas, Ay.
Kosmas
Princeton, 1959)
Eutresis
=
H.
Goldman,
Excavations t Eutresis n Boeotia
(Harvard, '93')
FS
=
Furumark
Shape
Kadmeia
I
=
S.
Symeonoglou,
Kadmeia
I
(SIMA
35;
G6teborg,
'973)
Kanta
=
A.
Kanta,
The
LM
III
Period n Crete
SIMA
58;
Giteborg,
1980)
LH III
C
Pottery J.
B.
Rutter,
LH
III C
Pottery
and some
historical
implications',
in
E.
N.
Davis
(ed.), Symposium
on theDark
Ages
n Greece
New
York,
1977),
1-20
MDP
=
P
A.
Mountjoy,
Mycenaean
ecorated
Pottery:
Guide
to
Identification
SIMA 73;
G6teborg,
1986)
MP
=
A.
Furumark, MycenaeanPottery: Analysis
and
ClassificationStockholm, 194')
RMDP
=
P A.
Mountjoy, Regional
Mycenaean
Decorated
Pottery
in
press)
Rutter
=
J.
B.
Rutter,
The LH
III
B and
III
C Periodsat
KorakoundGonia
Ann
Arbor,
i981)
ThebesTablets
I
=
T.
Spyropoulos
and
J.
Chadwick,
The
ThebesTablets
I
(Minos
Suppl.
4;
Salamanca,
1975)
Tiryns
VI
=
H.
Dohl,
'Iria:Die
Ergebnisse
der
Ausgrabung
1939', Tiryns
VI
(Mainz, 1973)
2
Pylos
,
42I1.
3
P.
Warren,
The
Aegean
Civilizations
Oxford,
1975),134.
4
S.
Hood,
TheArts n Prehistoric
reece
London,
1978), 25-
5 R.
Hope Simpson
and 0.
Dickinson,
A
Gazetteer
fAegean
Civilisation,
i: The Mainland and the Islands
(SIMA 52;
Gioteborg,
1979),
127.
6
S.
Hiller,
'Pylos
and the end of
the
Mycenaean period',
First International
Mycenaeological
ongress Premycenaean
nd
Mycenaean ylos'
Athens
8-11
December
i98o.
Proceedings
never
published.
S
OJA
Io
(1991),315-24.
8
Ibid.
316-17,
322.
He
suggests
the
darkground deep
bowl is
early
Iron
Age
(ibid. 316
fig.
i),
but then refers to the
vases found with it
in
Room
46
as
advanced
LH III
C
(ibid.
322)
and then wonders
whether,
if
there was a
reoccupation
level,
it
was
advanced
LH III
C or
early
Iron
Age.
9
AR
(1992-3), 31-4, especially 33
Phase
7.
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HIO
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
this
study
is to show
that the
destruction
of the
palace
at
Pylos belongs
to
a Transitional
LH
III
B2/LH
III
C
Early phase,
which can be isolated
in
most
regions
of
southern
and
central
Greece,
and
that the
vases
of 'advanced
LH III
C
character'10
belong
to this
destruction.
TRANSITIONAL
LH III
B2/LH
III
C EARLY POTTERY
The
pottery
of the Transitional
LH
III
B2/LH
III
C
Early phase
contains
features of
LH III
B2
and of
LH
III
C
Early
as well as other
features
unique
to
itself.
This
pottery
has
long
caused
problems
in
the
assignation
of
assemblages.
For
example,
in
the recent
publication
of the
excavations at
Nichoria
it is
assigned
to LH III
B2
with
reservations,
as some LH III C
Early
features are
present
and
not
others;
at Korakou
the material
is
dated
by
Rutter first to
Transitional
LH III
B2-III
C'2
and
then
to the
first
phase
of
LH
III
C
Early;'3
at
Iria
it is
assigned
to
earliest
LH III
C;14
at
Thebes the material from the
Archive Room
is
placed
in
late
LH
III
B
and then
in
the
transition
rom
LH III
B
to
LH III
C
by
Spyropoulos,'5
but these
dates
are contested
by Symeonoglou,
who
dates it to
LH III B
116
together
with the
destruction
level
in the
Jewellery Workshop
at
Oidipodos
i4;1
at
Ay.
Kosmas
abandonment
in
LH III B
is
suggested
but a
'surely
LH III
C
deep
bowl' is cited
as evidence for some later use of the
site;'8
the
material from the
North
Slope
Houses
at Athens
has been
assigned by myself
to
LH III
C
Early,'9
as also the
assemblage
from House V at
Eutresis;
n
the case of the latter
I
followed
Furumark,
but
Alin
has
dated this
assemblage
to
LH
III
B.20
The
confusion
as to the date of
all
these
assemblages
has arisen
from
the
presence
of
decorated
deep
bowls
with a
rim
band
not
quite
wide
enough
for
the
LH III
B2
Group
B
deep
bowl,
but too wide for
the
Group
A
deep
bowl,
as well as
deep
bowls
and
cups
of the
LH III C
Early
medium band
type,
but
again
with too
deep
a
rim
band;
with
these are other features
which
would
normally
be
assigned
to
LH III
B2
or
to
LH III
C
Early.
This horizon
postdates
the pottery in the destruction levels in the citadels at Tiryns and Mycenae at the end of
LH III
B2.
Since this
phase
is not
represented
so
far
in
the
pottery
published
as
LH III
C
Early
from
Mycenae,21
t has seemed best to
call it Transitional
LH
III
B2/
LH
III C
Early.
Indeed,
it has
already
been so named at
Tiryns
to
describe
temporary buildings
erected after
the
destruction,22
hus
excluding
the
alternative name of
LH III
B3,
which
might
also have
been
viable,
since elsewhere this
phase
actually
represents
destruction
evels,
as for
instance
at
Midea,
the
Menelaion, Thebes,
and,
possibly,
at
Teichos
Dymaion.
The existence
of this
horizon
supports
the
hypothesis
of
a
series of destructions
at the
end
of
LH
III
B2
and the
beginning
of
LH III C
Early
which did not occur
simultaneously
even at sites
lying
close
together,
such as
Iria,
Midea,
Mycenae,
and
Tiryns
in
the
Argolid.
The sites where this
horizon
can be
isolated are:
10
OJA
Io
(1991),
321-2.
Nichoria
I
5o8-17.
12
Rutter,
08
fig.
10,
544
Trench
P
Phase
4.
13
LH
III
C
Pottery,
-2
Phase
I.
14
Tiryns
VI,
192.
15
AAA
3 (1970),326,
Thebes
Tablets
I,
55.
16
S.
Symeonoglou,
The
Topography
f
Thebes
Princeton,
1985),
291
Site
196.
17
Kadmeia
9-22.
18
Hope Simpson
and Dickinson
(n.
5),
206.
9
P. A.
Mountjoy, Mycenaean
thens
SIMA
Pocket Book
127;Jonsered,1995),
45-6.
20
See Orchomenos
,
81
for discussion.
21
MDP
I34-54-
22
AA
1981,
204-5.
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PALACE AT
PYLOS
III
ARGOLID
Iria:
settlement,
Oberer Schnitt
(Tiryns
VI,
127-94)
Tiryns:
Citadel,
Complex
Rioa
(AA1981, 204-5)
Midea:
settlement,
unpublished
KORINTHIA
Korakou:
settlement,
Phase
4
(Rutter, 134-316,
LH
III
C
Pottery,
-2
Phase
i)
ATTICA
Athens:
Acropolis,
North
Slope
Houses
floor
deposits
(Hesp.
(1933),
330-417,
especially
351-6)
Thorikos: Mine
No.
3
domestic
(BSA
90
(1995),
195-227)
Ay.
Kosmas: settlement
(Ay.
Kosmas,
4
and
fig. 139.
61,
9)
BOEOTIA
Eutresis:
settlement,
House
V
floor
deposit
(Eutresis,
68,
189-90
and
fig.
263)
Thebes:
settlement,
Archive Room on
Epaminondas
and Metaxas Sts.
(AAA (1970),322-7,
ThebesTablets
II);
Jewellery
Workshop Oidipodos
14
destruction
level
(Kadmeia
,
19-22)
ACHAEA
?Teichos
Dymaion:
settlement
(PAE
1965, 121-36)
LACONIA
Menelaion:
settlement,
unpublished
Ay.
Stephanos:
settlement,
Area
Epsilon
wash
layer,
unpublished
Sykea:
ChT
(AD
29B
(i973-4),
294-5)
MESSENIA
Pylos:
palace (Pylos
,
passim);
Tholos
T.
III
final
use
(Pylos
III,
73-95),
ChT Ki
last burial
(Pylos
III,
208-15)
Nichoria:
settlement,
Area
II
Tr
K25
Ibc
level
12,
Area IV SW Tr
L23
Top
level
6
(Nichoria
I,
508-17)
As
LH
III
B2
pottery
is
distinguished by
the
presence
of
the
Group
B
deep
bowl and the
rosette
deep
bowl,23
o
Transitional
LH
III
B2/LH
III
C
Early
pottery
is
also
distinguished
by
the
presence
of
particular ypes
of
deep
bowl. There
are four
types:
Type
i
(FIG.7.
32-44)
is
the
Group
A
deep
bowl found
in LH III
B2
and
LH III
C
Early24
ut with the
bell
shape
and
flaring
rim
of
the
LH
III C
Early type;
it
may
also have
the
monochrome
interior
of
this
type.
Some
examples may
be
large.
Instead
of
the usual
band over the
rim
32-3
these bowls
may
have
the
rim
banding
of the stemmed bowl
consisting
of a
second broad band
below the
rim
on the
exterior
and, often,
on
the interior
-3;
alternatively
they may
have a
second narrow
band below the
exterior
rim
34,
a
LH
III C
Early
feature,25
r
they
may
have a
single
broader
rim
band
I-2
cm
deep
39-4o.
Type
2
(FIGS.
8-IO.
45-64)
is
a
large
bowl with a
knobbed or
short everted
rim
instead of
the
usual
lipless
rim
and, sometimes,
a
slightly
incurving
upper body.
The rim
banding
may
be that of the
stemmed bowl
56,
but most often
there
is a
single
broad rim
band
1-2
cm
deep 45-7,
49-53,
55,
57;
one vessel
54
has the
3
cm
rim
band of
the
Group
B
deep
bowl,
while
others
58-9
have
a
similar rim
band combined with a
darkground
exterior;
the
interior of
all
these
vases
is
often
monochrome. There
are also
monochrome
6o-i
and
unpainted 63-4
versions.
Type 3 (FIG.
I.
65-72) is a carinated type with a straight upper body giving rise to a
slight
carination on the
belly.
It
may
have
the
usual
band
over the
rim
65-6
or
the
rim
banding
of the
stemmed bowl
71
or a
deeper
band on the
rim
up
to
I
cm
in
width
67-9;
the
interior
may
be
monochrome.
Type
4
(FIG.
12.
73-7)
is a
variation of
Type
3.26
It has a
straight
upper body
but no
23
MDPGroup
deep
bowl
ig.
161,
osette
eep
bowl
ig.
162.
24
Ibid.LH III
B2
fig.16o,
LH III C
Early ig.
189.
25
Ibid.
fig.
189.
I,
2,
I1.
26
74-5
have
been
assigned
o
Type
2
and
76
to
Type 3
RMDP
Laconianos.
161,
I6o,
Messeniano.
Iio,
since
I
had
not
isolated
Type
4
at the timeof
writing
RMDP.
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112
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
carination on
the
belly;
the
rim
is
generally lipless
but there
may
be
a
slight
lip
75;
the
interior
may
be
monochrome.
Types
2-4
are the criteria of
this
phase.
All four
types
are
very
often
decorated with a
broad
wavy
band similar
to that
of
LH III
A2
stemmed bowls
42, 44,
46-8,
67-9,
74-5.27
This
motif does not
seem to
have been used
in LH III B in
southern
Greece,
but is
popular
in
northern Greece in
Macedonia.28
Spirals
and
panelled patterns
were also used.
Other
vessels characteristicof this
phase
include the
deep
band
deep
bowl
82-3
and
cup
24-5
as
opposed
to the
LH
III
C
Early
medium band
deep
bowl
and
cup;29
hese vessels have
a
deeper
band
on the rim than
the
I-2
cm
rim band of the medium band
vessels, but,
like the
latter,
have no other external
decoration
apart
from handle
splashes
and have
a
monochrome
or linear interior.
Another
criterion of this
phase
is the
presence
of
stemmed
bowls
with
a
monochrome
interior
9I-3.
They
are
the
same
large
size as
LH III B
vessels
and
may
also have
panelled pattern
with
wide
triglyphs,
as
in
that
phase,
but the
wavy
band
is
used
as well
91x.
Featureswhich
would
normally
be
assigned
to
LH III
B2
or
LH
III
C
Early
as well as those
characteristic
of the
transitional
phase
are listed below.
However,
many
vessel
shapes
are not
listed here, since they are in use in LH III B2 and in LH III C Earlyand are not diagnosticof
one
phase
or the
other;
this
particularly
applies
to
unpainted
vessels.30
Indeed,
it
will be
difficult to
assign
small
deposits
to
the
transitional
phase
unless
one or more of the
characteristicfeatures
are
present.
The
full
publication
of the material
from the
Menelaion,
Midea,
Mycenae, Tiryns,
and Thebes should
enlarge
the definition
of this
phase.
LH
III
B2features
FS
35
piriform
ar
with
down-sloping
im
nstead
of the
lipless
LH III B rim:
Pylos
.
FS
94 straight-sided
alabastron
with
down-sloping
rim
instead of
the
lipless
LH III
B-C rim: Athens
9g.
FS
94
straight-sided
alabastron
with
lipless
LH III B-C rim:
Iria,
Pylos
8,
Nichoria.
FS
Iio
jug, patterned:
Iria,
Thorikos.
FS 164stirrup ar, octopus:Midea (withLinearB), Thebes, Pylos.
FS
17I
globular
stirrup ar:
Thorikos.
FS
17331
lobular
tirrupar,
generally
with flower
on shoulderand
zonal decoration
on
belly:
Iria,
Athens
x6,
Thorikos,
Ay.
Kosmas,
Eutresis
15,
Pylos
x4
(probable
Argive mport);
with dot
rosette
on shoulder:Thebes.
FS
I8o
squat
stirrup ar:
Thorikos.
FS
182
conical
stirrup ar:
Pylos
17.
FS
9
stemmed
krater:
Thorikos,
Eutresis
g,
Pylos
x8,
Nichoria.
FS
284
Group
B
deep
bowl: Iria
30,
Midea,
Thebes
31.
FS
284
rosette
deep
bowl:
Midea,
Korakou
79.
FS
301
spouted
conical
bowl:
Athens,
Eutresis.
FS
305
stemmed
bowl with
wide
triglyph:
Iria.
Small bowl with
interior
patterns
in
added white
paint:
Midea.
27
MDP
fig.
112.
1.Care must be
taken with sherds out
of
context decorated
with
wavy
line which have
the
knobbed
rim
of the stemmed
bowl,
since
they
could
belong
to
LH III
A2
stemmed
bowls or
Transitional
LH III
B2/
LH III
C
Early
deep
bowls. The
same
applies
to
the
truncated stemmed
bowl;
the
example
ibid.
fig.
113
should
be
LH III
A2
since its
wide and
shallow
body
is
completely
dissimilarto
the
deep
body
of the
transitional
vases.
28
I thank K. Wardle
and B.
Hansel for information
on
the Assiros and Kastanas
pottery.
29
Ibid.
cup fig.
183.
2,
deep
bowl
fig.
193.
2;
the vases
figs.
183.
I
and
193.
1
from
Eutresisand Thorikos
respectively
can
now be
assigned
to the
transitional
phase.
30
A
large
selection
of
unpainted
vases is
published
from
the
palace
at
Pylos
Pylos
I,
passim
and from Thorikos
Mine
No.
3,
BSA
90
(995),
195-227.
31
Since Furumarkdated
the
Athens and Eutresis vessels
to
LH
III
C
Early,
he
automatically assigned
them to FS
I74
(MP 612-13
FS
174. 5,
II)-
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PALACE AT PYLOS
113
-
Scale 1:6
-
Pylos
1
2
Pylos
Pylos
4
3
Epidauros
Limera
Pylos
5
6
Scale 1:6
Pylos
FIG.
I.
I-2
piriform ar
FS
35,
3-5 piriform
ar
FS
48,
6
belly-handled
amphora
FS
58.
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14
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
8
Pylos
Pylos
7
9
Athens
11
Eut
resis
V10
Athens
FIG.
2.
7
collar-necked
ar
FS
63,
8-9 straight-sided
alabastron
FS
94,
'o-'x
straight-sided
alabastronFS
98.
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THE
DESTRUCTION
OF
THE PALACE
AT
PYLOS
115
12
Pylos
13
Pylos
14
Pylos
16
Athens
15
Eutresis
17
Pylos
FIG.
3.
12
jug
FS
iii,
13
jug
FS
114, 14-16
stirrup ar
FS
173, 17
stirrup ar
FS
182.
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116
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
LH III
C
Early
eatures
FS
58
belly-handled amphora:Pylos
6.
FS
63
collar-necked
jar:
Iria,
deposits
at
Thebes,
Pylos
7.
FS
98
straight-sided
alabastron:Athens
Io,
Eutresis
II.
FS
III
jug:
Iria,
Pylos
12.
FS 215 cup, medium band, monochromeinterior:Thorikos 23, Eutresis22.
FS
215
cup, unpainted
exterior and
monochrome interior:
Iria
26,
Thorikos
27.
FS
240
carinated
cup,
monochrome:
Midea,
Teichos
Dymaion (called
LH
III C PAE
(1965),
132-3
but
LH III
B-C
ibid.
pl. 171
y
left).
FS
284
Group
A
deep
bowl,
monochrome/linear interior:
Iria, Midea,
Korakou
32, 35-6,
Thorikos,
Thebes,
Ay. Stephanos 37, Pylos
33,
Nichoria
=
Transitional
Type
i.
FS
284
Group
A
deep
bowl,
second narrow band below exterior rim:
Midea,
Korakou
34
Transitional
Type
I.
FS
284
rosette
deep
bowl with three handle
splashes:
Iria
78.
FS
284
rosette
deep
bowl,
linear
with
large
rosette,
monochrome interior:
Iria.
FS
284
deep
bowl, linear,
monochrome
interior:Korakou
84,
Athens
85,
Nichoria.
FS
284 deep
bowl,
medium
band,
monochrome interior:Athens
81, Thorikos,
Iria 8o.
FS
284
deep
bowl,
monochrome:
Tiryns,
Korakou
86,
Thorikos
87,
Thebes,
Teichos
Dymaion,
Nichoria.
FS
289
deep
bowl with vertical
handles, rosette,
monochrome interior:Thorikos
88.
Transitionalfeatures
FS
48
piriform
ar
with conical lower
body (possibly
a
south
Peloponnesian type):
Epidauros
Limera
3,
Pylos
4-5,
Nichoria.
FS
215 cup Type
4:
Thorikos
21.
FS
215
cup, deep
band,
monochrome interior:
Iria
24,
Korakou
25,
Thorikos.
FS
215 cup,
monochrome:
Iria
28,
Teichos
Dymaion.
FS
284 deep
bowl
Type
i
(GroupA):monochrome/linear interior:see
above,
LH III C
Early.
second
narrow band below exterior rim: see
above,
LH III
C
Early.
medium/deeper
rim
band,
monochrome/linear interior:
Iria
40o,
Thorikos
39,
Nichoria.
stemmed bowl
rim
banding:
Iria
42
(small size),
Thorikos
41
(large
size).
stemmed bowl
rim
banding
on
exterior,
monochrome/linear
interior:
Ay. Stephanos
44,
Pylos
43.
FS
284
deep
bowl
Type
2
(evertedrim):
stemmed bowl
rim
banding
on interior and exterior:
Iria,
Menelaion.
stemmed bowl
rim
banding,
monochrome interior:
Ay.
Stephanos
56,
Nichoria.
broad
rim
band
1-2
cm
deep,
monochrome interior:
Iria
45-6,
Korakou
57,
Thebes,
Ay. Stephanos
49-50,
52-3, 55,
Nichoria.
broad
rim
band
1-2
cm
deep,
linear interior:Menelaion
47,
Pylos
51.
darkground:Ay.Kosmas59, Pylos 58.
linear,
monochrome interior:
Ay. Stephanos
62.
monochrome: Thorikos
6o,
Ay.
Kosmas,
Pylos
6I,
Nichoria.
unpainted:
Iria
63,
Thorikos
64.
FS
284 deep
bowl
Type 3 (carinated):
ria
72,
Thorikos
66,
Thebes
67,
Menelaion
68,
Sykea 69-7o,
Pellana
65, Pylos 71.
FS
284
deep
bowl
Type
4
(straightupper body): Pylos 73, 76-7,
Menelaion
74, Sykea
75.
FS
284
deep
bowl,
deep
band,
monochrome interior:
Iria
82,
Thorikos
83.
deep
band,
linear interior:Nichoria.
FS
289
deep
bowl with vertical
handles,
darkground:
Thorikos
89.
FS
305
stemmed
bowl,
monochrome interior:Iria
92,
Thorikos
g9I,93-
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THE
DESTRUCTION OF
THE
PALACE
AT PYLOS
17
THE DISTRIBUTION OF
LH III
B2/LH
III
C
EARLY
POTTERY
Pottery
of this
phase
is
surprisingly widely spread.
It can be identified at sites
all
over the
Peloponnese,
except
in
Elis where settlement
deposits
are
lacking,
and
also
in
Central Greece
as far north as Boeotia.
The
type
site for
this
horizon
is Iria.
A
building
complex consisting
of two
rooms,
the
Annexe and the
Megaron,
has been excavated
together
with a
nearby
cistern,
the Bothros.
The Bothros contained
complete
and
restorable
vases
from the destruction of the
complex.
The Annexe was abandoned after
the
destruction;
the restorable vases found
here are
stylistically
no different
from
those
of the
Bothros,
suggesting
that,
if
reoccupation
occurred
after
the
destruction,
it
must
have been of short
duration. The
pottery
from both
deposits
is
considered here
as a unit.
At
Iria LH III C
Early
innovations,
such
as the carinated
cup
FS
240
found in Lefkandi Phase
Ia32
and the
linear shallow
angular
bowl FS
295 (found
at
Mycenae
in LH III
C
Early33)
re absent. There are no
linear
or
decorated conical
kylikes
and
no
monochrome
deep
bowls
(but
monochrome
cups
are
present).
LH
III
B2
features
at
Iria
include the
stirrup
jar
FS
173
with
flower
or the
curved version
of
multiple
stem on the
shoulder and zonal decoration on the belly,34he Group B deep bowl 30, the stemmed bowl
with
wide
triglyph,35
he
straight-sided
alabastron
FS
94,36
and the
jug
FS
Io
with
patterned
decoration instead of the usual linear
decoration.37
LH
III
C
Early
features
are the
rosette
deep
bowl with three
handle
splashes
78
instead of the
multiple splashes
of
LH III
B2
and the
rosette
deep
bowl
with
monochrome
interior,38
the
medium
band
deep
bowl
with
monochrome interior
80o,
a small
cup
FS
215
with
unpainted
exterior
and
monochrome
interior
26,
the small
jug
FS
III,
and the
large
collar-necked
jar
FS
63.39Transitional
eatures
are the
deep
bowls
Types
1-3
40, 42,
45-6, 63,
72,
the
stemmed bowl with wide
triglyph
but
with monochrome interior
92,
deep
band
deep
bowls
82
and
cups
24,
and the
monochrome
cup
28.
At
Tiryns
in
the
published
transitional
deposit
from
Complex
Rioa
there are
monochrome deep bowls.40A monochrome rim assignedto a goblet may belong to a Type 2
deep
bowl.41
One sherd
from the
LH
III
B2
Tiryns
West Wall
deposit
assigned
to the
stemmed bowl is
decorated with
wavy
band and has a
deep
rim
band;42
t
may
belong
to
a
Type
2
deep
bowl,
although
none
of the
other
definitive features of
the transitional
phase
are
published
from this
deposit.
At Midea in
the
destruction
deposit
there are
Group
B
deep
bowls,
rosette
deep
bowls,
Group
A
deep
bowls
with
a
monochrome
interior,
and
deep
bowls with stemmed bowl
rim
banding,
with
a
medium
or
deeper
rim
band,
and
with a
second
narrow band
on
the exterior
rim.43
The
LH
III
C
Early
monochrome FS
240
is
present together
with the
LH III
B2
bowl with
decoration
in
added
white
paint
on
the
interior.
A
coarse ware
stirrup jar
FS
164
decorated
with
octopus
has also
been
found;
it
carries
a
Linear
B
inscription.44
32
BSA 66
(I971),338.
33
MDPfig. 197.
34
Tiryns
VI,
pl.
65. 5.
35
Ibid.
pl.
68.
1-2.
36
Ibid.
pl.
73-
5-
37
Ibid.
pl.
73.
6.
38
Ibid.
HI8
pl.
68. 6.
39
Ibid.
pl.
62.
I.
40 AA
(1981),
201
fig.
54.
IO-II.
41
Ibid.
202 and
fig.
54.
9.
Goblets are not
found after
LH III
Al;
moreover,
he
rim
of
this sherd s not
long enough
for
the
goblet,
as a
comparison
with
a
LH III Al
goblet
illustrated
ibid.
fig.
54- 3
shows.See
MDPfig.
75
for
LH III Al
goblets.
42
AD
2oA
(1965),
144
fig.
4.
2.
43
Assignation
to
Types
1-4
must await the full
publication
of this
material.
44
I
thank Dr
K.
Demakopoulou
for
showing
me
photographs
of the material from
her recent
excavations.
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118
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
18
Pylos
FIG.
4.
x8
krater
FS
9.
In the
Korinthia
Rutter
has
assigned
material at Korakou from below
the
lowest of a
series
of stratified
LH III C
floors
in
Trench
P
to his earliest
phase
of
LH III
C.45
It matches that
from the
Iria
deposit
and can be
equated
with the transitional
phase.
There are
monochrome
deep
bowls
86,
linear
deep
bowls with
monochrome interior
84,
Group
A
deep
bowls with
linear
32,
36
or monochrome
35
interior,
deep
bowls with two narrowexternalrim bands
34,
deep
bowl
Type
2
57,
a
possible
rosette
deep
bowl
79,
and
deep
band
cups
with monochrome
interior
25.
In
Attica
floor
deposits
from
the
North
Slope
Houses
on
the
Acropolis
at
Athens
and
a
domestic
deposit
from
Thorikos
Mine No.
3
belong
to
this
phase.46
These are not closed
45
Rutter,
34-316
Phase
4,
LHIII
C
Pottery,
hase
I
1-2.
46
The
material
assigned
to Perati
Phase I
belongs
to this
phase
and
to LH
III C
Early.
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12/30
THE
DESTRUCTION OF THE PALACE
AT
PYLOS
IIq
19
Eutresis
20
Pylos
FIG.
5.
xg
krater
FS
9,
20
kantharos.
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13/30
120
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
deposits.
The material
from
the North
Slope
Houses,
which is
only partly published,
was
found abandoned on differenthouse
floors;47
he Thorikos
assemblage,
which derives from the
possible
working
of Mine No.
3,
has a little
LH III
C Middle
pottery
with it.
LH III
B2
features include the
stirrup ar
FS
173
with
flower on the shoulder
and
belly
decoration,
which
is found at both sites
16,
as well as the
stirrup ars
FS
171,
18048
(the
latter with dot rosette on
the shoulder)49at Thorikos and the spouted conical bowl FS 301 at Athens.50 A large
alabastronFS
94
from Athens
9
has the
down-sloping
rim
of
LH III
A2-B
vases instead of the
lipless
rim
of
LH
III
B-C
vessels. It is decorated with vertical bands of net. The
jug
FS
Io,
generally
a
linear
shape,
is found
in
a
patterned
version at
Thorikos.51
LH III
C
Early
features
include
medium band
deep
bowls with monochrome interior from both sites
81,
similar
medium band
cups,
and
a linear
deep
bowl
with monchrome interior from Athens
85.
The
Group
A
deep
bowl with monochrome interior is
present
at
Thorikos,52
as well as
the
small
cup
with
unpainted
exterior and monochrome interior
27
and the
monochrome
deep
bowl
87.
One
Group
A
vessel
39
has
a
reserved circle
in
the centre of the interior
base,
a
feature
first found at
Lefkandi
in
Phase
Ib.53
The
deep
bowl with vertical handles
FS
289
is
also
present
at
Thorikos;
one
example
is
decorated with
rosette and has
a
monochrome
interior
88. The
straight-sided
alabastronwith handles
reaching
to the lower
belly
FS
98
is found in
Athens
io. Transitional features
at Thorikos are a medium band
cup Type
3 23,
deep
bowls
Type
I
41,
Type
2
60o,
64,
and
Type
3
66,
deep
band
deep
bowls
83
and
cups,54
a
darkground
deep
bowl with
vertical handles FS
289
89,
a
cup
with
wavy
band
Type
4
21,
and stemmed
bowls with monochrome
interior
g9,
93
and at Athens the
spouted
krater
FS
298
with
wavy
band
go.
Both
6o and a bowl from Korakou 86 have
a reserved
base,
whereas other
deep
bowls
may
be
completely
monochrome
87.55 Unpainted
dippers
from Thorikos and Athens
may
have a
deep semi-globular
body
with
straight
sides,56
nstead
of the
LH
III B
shallow
semi-globularshape
with
flaring
rim;57
here
are
similar
vessels from
Iria and
Pylos.58
At
Ay.
Kosmas a
globular stirrup
ar
FS
I7359
decorated
with flower and
zonal
decoration
on the belly and a Type 2 darkgrounddeep bowl 59 were found by the entranceto a possible
fortification
wall;
a monochrome
Type
2
deep
bowl
and an
unpainted dipper
with carination
at the
belly60
rom
a trench over House
S
are
assigned
to its
final
occupation.
They
are the
latest
diagnostic
vases from the
site,
suggesting
t was abandoned
in
this
phase.
In
Boeotia
an
assemblage
which
fits well into this transitional
phase
is the
deposit
on and
just
above the floor of Eutresis House
V It contains the
LH III
C
Early
medium
band
cup
22
and
straight-sided
alabastron
FS
98 II together
with the
LH III B
stemmed
krater FS
9
decorated
with whorl-shell
19,
the
globular stirrup ar
FS
173
with flower on the shoulder
and
zonal decoration
on the
belly 15,
and
an
unpainted spouted
conical
bowl FS
301.61
There
is
also a
tripod
cooking pot.62
The destruction
deposit
in
the Archive Room
at Thebes
has
the
47
See
Rutter,
06-7
for the
suggestion
that the
deposit
is
not closed.
48
BSA
90
(1995),
FS
17I
202
fig. 3.
28,
32,
FS
i80 203
fig.
4. 47.
49
For
this LH III
B2
feature see
MDP
fig. 154.
6-7.
50
Hesp.
2
(1933),
370 fig. 43
c.
51
BSA
90 (1995),
202
fig.
3. 23.
The neck is
missing;
it
could be
that the vase is
FS
120,
but the
joint
of the neck to
the
shoulder,
which is
present,
seems
rather wide for that
shape
and the
body
of the vessel not
large enough.
52
Ibid.
207
fig.
6.
63-4.
53
On
the
kylix
BSA 66
(I971),
336.
54
BSA
go (1995),
205
fig.
5-
52-3.
55
e.g.
ibid.
210
fig.
8. 81.
56
Ibid.
2I9
fig.
14. 145,
146, Hesp.
2
(I933),
371
fig.
44
c.
57 MDP
fig.
138.
58
Tiryns
VI,
pl.
64.
6,
Pylos
,
fig.
363
Type
20.
59
Ay.
Kosmas,
ig. 139.
61.
60
Ibid.
deep
bowl
fig. 139.
9,
dipper fig.
139.
7.
61
Orchomenos
,
fig.
39.
I65-
62
Ibid.
fig.
39
I148.
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE
PALACE AT PYLOS
121
21
Thorikos
22
Eutresis
23
Thorikos
24
Iria
Korakou
25
26
Iria
Thorikos
27
28
Irio
29
Py
Ilos
Iria
30
Thebes
31
FIG.
6.
21-8
cup
FS
215:
21
cup
Type
4,
22-3
medium
band
cup,
24-5 deep
band
cup,
26-7 cup
with
unpainted
exterior
and monochrome
interior,
28
monochrome
cup; 29
chalice FS
278,
3o-I
deep
bowl
Group
B FS
284.
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122
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
Korakou
32
33
Pylos
Ko akou
134
c.16
37
Ay
Stephanos
F
36
Korakou
35
Korakou
39
Thorikos
Scimat
ari
38
F4
O
Iria
Thorikos
41
42
Iria
16.6
44
Ay
Stephanos
43
Pylos
FIG.
7. Deep
bowl FS
284
Type
I.
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THE
DESTRUCTION
OF THE
PALACE AT PYLOS
123
carinated
deep
bowl
Type
3
with
wavy
line
67,
as
well
as monochrome
deep
bowls63
and
the
globular stirrupjar
FS
173,
including
one with
decoration of dot rosette
on
the
shoulder,64
suggesting
a
date
in
this
phase
for this
deposit
and for the
Linear
B
tablets found with it.
The
jewellery
workshop
at
Oidipodos
14
may
also have
been
destroyed
now;
a
Group
B
deep
bowl
3x
is illustrated
amongst
the
fragments
from the destruction
level,
as well as
a
deep
bowl
of
transitional type with a deeper rim band, narrow zonal decoration, and a monochrome
interior65
and a
Group
A
deep
bowl with narrow
zonal decoration and a
monochrome
interior.66
Group
B
deep bowls
are also
mentioned
from
other
find spots
at
Thebes,
as is
the
large
collar-necked
ar
FS
63
which was
thought
to
first
appear
in
LH III C
Early,67
ut which
is
present
in
the
Iria
deposit;
it
is
possible
that these
deposits may
also
belong
to
this
transitional
phase.68
In
Achaea the earlier of two
destructions
by
fire
in
the
settlement at Teichos
Dymaion
may
have occurred
in
this
phase,
since
LH III
B2
Group
B
deep
bowls
are
associated
with
transitional
material and
LH
III
C
Early
material. One
LH III
B2
Group
B
deep
bowl
is
illustrated,69
ut most of
the
deep
bowl sherds
depicted
do not have
the
c.
3
cm
deep
rim
band
of
this
type,
but rather
the
1-2
cm
rim
band of the
transitional
type.
The
transitionalmaterial
is
represented
by
these latter
deep
bowls with
a
deep
rim
band7o
and
the
LH
III
C
Early
material
by
monochrome
cups,
a
monochrome
carinated
cup
FS
240,
and
many
monochrome
deep bowls.71
In
Laconia material from a
deep
wash level
in
Area
Epsilon
at
Ay.
Stephanos
can be
separated
stylistically
rom
LH
III C
Early
material and
assigned
to this
phase,72
as
also vases
from tombs at
Pellana,73
Epidauros
Limera,74
and
Sykea,
but
pottery
from
the
Menelaion
belongs
to
a
destruction horizon
of this
date.75
Deep
bowls of
Types
2-4
47,
68,
74
are
found
at
the
Menelaion decorated
with
wavy
band,
as well
as
monochrome
deep
bowls
and linear
deep
bowls with
monochrome interior. There
are
many examples
of
Type
2
deep
bowls from
Ay.
Stephanos 48-50,
52-6.
Types
3
and
4
decorated with
wavy
line or
panelled
pattern
come from Sykea 69-70, 75. To these can be added a Type 3 deep bowl from Pellana 65
decorated
with
hybrid
flower with
Minoan
components
which is similar
to that on a
Type
4
deep
bowl from
Pylos
73.
Furthermore,
a
piriform ar
from
Epidauros
Limera
3
has
the same
unusual conical
lower
body
as vessels
from
Pylos 4-5
and
Nichoria.76
ts decoration
of vertical
bands
of
net
is
paralleled by
the Athens
alabastron
9,
but
the
net
is
framed
in
the Minoan
fashion;7
similar net is
found
on a
deep
bowl
43,
large
jar,78
and
chalice
29
from
Pylos
and
on
a
deep
bowl from
Ay.
Stephanos 37.
63
Thebes
Tablets
I,
Phs.
83, 90.
64
Ibid. Phs. 60o, 9.
65
Kadmeia
,
pl.
22
fig.
33.
6.
66
Ibid.
pl.
22
fig. 33. 7-
67
MP594-5.
68
Pelopidou-Antigonis
AD
3oB
(I975),
133,
Pelopidou 38
AAA 7
(1974), 165-6,
Pindarou
29
AD
29B
(1973-4),
430-31
and
pl.
284
Y,
Oidipodos
AD
36B
1981),
191
pl.
120
6, e,
or.
69
PAE
1965),
pl.
169
a centre
row,
centre sherd.
70
bid.
pl.
164
P3
op
row
right
and
below,
centre
row
left
and bottom row
left,
pl. 165
ca
op
row
left,
pl.
169
a
top
row
left,
right
and second
from
right,
centre row left and
right.
71
Ibid.
cups 132
P787,
carinated
cup pl.
171 y
left,
deep
bowls
131.
72
It
may
be
that much more of
the material
assigned
to
LH III C Early belongs to this phase, but without good
stratigraphy
t is
impossible
to be certain.
7
AD
io
(1926),
nlcpdapTltC
41-4-
74 AD
23A
(1968), 145-96.
I
thank
H.
W.
Catling
for this information.
76
Jichoria
I,
fig. 9.
66
P3842.
7
The motif
was
in
use on Crete
from
LM
III
Al.
See
R.
Bosanquet
and
R.
Dawkins,
The
Unpublished
bjects
rom
the
Palaikastro
Excavations
1902-6
(BSA
supp.
vol.
I;
London,
1923),
fig. 63.
2 for a
LM
III
AI
example
and
M. R.
Popham,
TheLast
Days
of
thePalace t
Knossos
SIMA
5;
Lund,
1964),
pls.
6
a-d,
7a
for late LM III
B
vessels.
78
Pylos
I,
fig. 331
bottom
right
and
fig.
379.
612.
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124
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
In
Messenia the material
from
a
horizon at Nichoria
assigned
to
LH III
B2
may
also
belong
here.
At
this site the
Group
B
deep
bowls
typical
of
LH III
B2
are
absent,
apart
from
a
possible
body
sherd with semicircles above two
broad
belly
bands and
a
monochrome
interior, 79
ut
there are
Group
A
deep
bowls with monochrome interior80
and with medium
rim
band,81
linear
deep
bowls with
monochrome
interior,82
many
monochrome
deep
bowls,83
and
possible
Type 2 deep bowls with everted rim, wavy line, and monochrome interior assigned in the
publication
to the stemmed
bowl,84
as well as
Type
2
monochrome
deep
bowls.85
A
piriform
jar86
has the
conical lower
body
found on vessels from
Pylos
4-5
and
Epidauros
Limera
3,
while
a
straight-sided
alabastron decorated with net
pattern
is
compared
with
a
very
similar
vessel
from
Pylos 8.87 Unpainted
vessels include a miniature
kylix
for which the
only
parallels
come
from Volimidia and
the
palace
at
Pylos.88
A
coarse
ware
spouted
krater FS
29889
s
compared
to similarkraters rom
Pylos
and from the Archive Room
at Thebes.90The
LH
III
C
Early
carinated
cup
FS
240
and linear shallow
angular
bowl
FS
295
are
lacking.
TRANSITIONAL LH III
B2/III
C
EARLY
POTTERY
AT PYLOS
The material from the destruction of the
palace
at
Pylos
fits into this
phase.
To it can be
added the
final use of
Tholos Tomb
III
and the last burial
in
Chamber Tomb
KI.
The
characteristic
deep
bowls
Types
2-4
are
not
present
in
these
tombs,
but the
chalice
29
from
Tholos T.
III
has the framed net
triglyph
found on
the
deep
bowls
Pylos
43
and
Ay.
Stephanos
37
and
on the
large
jar
from
Pylos,91
while
the
piriform
ar
2
has the stacked
zigzag
present
on
the
deep
bowls
Pylos
76
and
Ay.
Kosmas
59.
Of the four
pots
with the last burial
in
T.
KI
two
are coarse
ware and not
closely
datable,
the third is
a
globular
stirrup ar
FS
173
with flower
on the
shoulder and
a
decorated
belly
zone,
and the fourth is the
piriform
ar
4
with
conical
lower
body
similar
to that
of
3,
5
and
panelled
decoration
flanked
by
tails,
which seem to be
an invertedversion of
the
'tails' of the
hybrid
flower on
the krater
I8.
Most of the material from the palace at Pylos is unpainted and, therefore,not particularly
diagnostic.
The
majority
of
the few
painted
vessels
carry only
linear
decoration;
those which
are
patterned
have local
characteristics,
but the
deep
bowls
undoubtedly
fit into the
corpus
of
the
transitional
phase.
Types
1-3
are
present
together
with
Type
4
otherwise
found
only
in
Laconia,
which
might suggest
it is
a
south
Peloponnesian
phenomenon,
but there
is a
cup
of
this
type
from Thorikos.
Type
i
deep
bowls
from the
palace
are decorated with
panelled patterns
33,
43.
43
with
stemmed
bowl
banding
on the exterior
rim
has
an unusual
triglyph
composed
of framed net
pattern
also found on
a
deep
bowl from
Ay. Stephanos
37,
a chalice
from Tholos
III
29,
a
jar
from the
palace
Room
43,92
and
a
piriform jar
from
Epidauros
Limera
3.
As mentioned
79
Nichoria
1509
and
pl.
9- 74 P3812.
8o Ibid.
fig.
9.
61
P3814.
81
Ibid.
fig.
9.
61
P38II.
82 Ibid.
fig.
9.
62
P38I3.
83
Ibid.
fig.
9.
62
P38i6.
84
Ibid.
fig.
9.
62
P3819
with stemmed bowl
rim
banding,
fig. 9. 63 P3821
with
deeper
rim
band.
85
Ibid.
fig.
9.
62
P3815.
See
ibid.
513
for discussion. The
stemmed
bowls referred o
ibid.
512
'a
return to
popularity
of
coated
stemmedbowls'
may
in
fact be
Type
2
deep
bowls,
since
this
type
has the everted
rim of the stemmedbowl and
would be
difficult o
separate
rom that
shape
in sherdmaterial.
86
Ibid.
fig.
9.
66
P3842.
87
Ibid.
546
and
pl.
9.
75 P3843.
88
Ibid.
515
and
fig. 9.
67
P3853-
89
Ibid.
516
fn.
9
and
fig.
6.
69
P3866.
90
Pylos
I,
figs.
351
no.
548, 352
no.
507,
ThebesTablets
I,
Ph.
54.
91
Pylos
,
fig.
331
bottom
right.
92
Ibid.
fig.
331
bottom
right.
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THE
DESTRUCTION
OF
THE
PALACE
AT PYLOS
125
45
Iria
46
Iria
47
Menelaion
F48
Ay
Stephanos
49
Ay
Steph
anos
50
AySteph
anos
FIG.8.
Deep
bowl FS
284
Type
2.
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126
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
17
25
52
53
Ay.
Stephanos
Ay
Stephanos
51
Pylos
Ay
Stephanos
54
55
25
4
Ay
Stephanos
18
57
56
Korakou
AyStephanos
58 Pylos
60
Thorikos
/59
Ay.
Kosmas
61
Pylos
FIG.
9.
Deep
bowl
FS
284
Type
2.
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THE DESTRUCTION
OF
THE PALACE
AT PYLOS
127
63
Iria
2
Ay. Stephanos
F
64
Thorikos
FIG. o.
Deep
bowl FS
284
Type
2.
above,
this is
a
Minoan motif
not
a
Mycenaean
one.
The
carinated
Type 3
is
represented by
71 with panelled pattern
and the
straight-sided
Type
4
by
73, 76-7. 73
has barredsemicircles
linked
by fringed
chevrons.
The motif
is of Minoan
derivation,
particularly
he
fringing,
which
comes
from
the dissolution
of the
flower motif
in LM III
B.93
The
fringing
on the
chalice
29
is
also
of this
type.
A
similar motif
to that
on
73
is found on the
Type
3
deep
bowl
from
Pellana
65,
which has a
barred
semicircle
linked
by
chevrons
forming
the
upper body
of
its
hybrid
flower
motif.
The
stacked
zigzag
on
76
is also found
on
a
large
piriform
ar
2
from Tholos
III
and the
Type
2
deep
bowl from
Ay.
Kosmas
59.
It has evolved
from
a Minoan
III A
motif,
the
stacked
V
pattern.94
The
darkgrounddeep
bowl
58
from Room
46,
which
Popham assigns
to later
LH III
C or
early
Iron
Age,95belongs
to
Type
2.
A
comparison
of the
shape
of
58
with Menelaion
47
and
Ay.
Kosmas
59
shows this
very clearly.
The
Ay.
Kosmas vase has the same
darkground
decoration
as
58.
Its context
cannot be later
than
LH III
C
Early
at
the
latest. The
darkgrounddeep
bowl
89
from
Thorikos also has
a
narrow
decorative
zone. The decoration
of
58
consisting
of barred
semicircles
is an
untidy
version of that on
73
from
Pylos
Lower
Town.
On
58
a
single
loop
is
all that remains
of the chevrons
depicted
on
73,
while the
fringe
to the chevrons is
rendered as
a line of blobs.
A
close
parallel
in
shape
to
58
is
6x
from
Room
93
BSA
65
(1970),
200
fig.
3-
31-3.
94
For
example
PoDIA
i (i995),
24
fig.
4
c-d.
95
OJA
10
1991),
316-I7.
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128
P.A. MOUNTJOY
43.
Indeed,
the
shape
is so
similar,
particularly
he
foot,
as to
suggest
the same
workshop
for
these vases. With
61
in
Room
43
was
51,
also
Type
2,
decorated
with
a
motif
adapted
from the
LM III B
repertoire;
the
spirals
are Minoan double
spirals,96
while the
fringe
on the
panel97
arises from the
LM III
B
flower
motif,
as mentioned above.
There
is a
good
late
LM III B
parallel
to
the
fringed panel
on
a
deep
bowl from
Knossos.98
The few other open shapes which carry decoration include stemmed kraters,which are
decorated as
in LH III B
with whorl-shell and
hybrid
flower
18,
but
ineptly,
as well as
one
with double
wavy
line,99
dippers
with the usual dotted
rim,'00
and linear
mugs.'0'
Decorated closed
shapes
include
large jars
FS
105
and
amphorae
FS
69102
as well as the
belly-handled amphora
FS
58
6;
this is a
popular
LH
III
C
shape
in
the north-west
Peloponnese,
but at
Pylos
it seems to have been
produced
earlier,
since there are several linear
versions from
the
palace.
Indeed,
the
shape
has
already
appeared
n LH I in
Messenia,
where it
seems to be
a
local
development.'03
The
small
LH III
C
Early ug
FS
IIi
is
present
12,
as also
at
Iria,1'04
uggesting
t
appears
in
this
phase
rather than
in LH
III
C,
as was
thought.105
here
are
a
few decorated
piriform ars.
Small
piriform ars
FS
48,
such
as
4-5, may
have a conical
lower
body
and
overlarge
vertical handles
in
imitation
of a
Minoan
type;'06
a similar vessel
from
Epidauros
Limera
3
suggests
this
may
be
a
local south
Peloponnesian
type;
indeed,
the
shape
is
already
found
in LH III
A2
in
Messenia.107
A
group
of
five
large
decorated
piriform
jars
FS
35,108
he
only
ones
from the
palace,
was found
in
Room
32.
The
sparse
body banding
(only
at
belly
and base on
all
except one) suggests
a
local
provenance,
as also the
simple stripe
down the centre of
the
handle
of two of the vessels
I
instead
of
the usual monochrome
handle.
Two of these
piriform
jars
are decorated with
octopus
and
argonaut'09
n
what
might
be
a
continuation
of the
LH III
A2
tradition
in
the case of
the
argonaut,
but not of
the
octopus,
which is not
normally
used on this
shape.
These motifs are not found on
LH III B
piriform ars,
but
were, however,
used on Cretan larnakes
n LM III
A-III
B; 11
ince there
is much Minoan
influence on Messenia
and,
to
a
lesser
extent,
on
Elis and
Achaea1 '
hroughout
the
LBA,
it is
not impossible that the choice of motifs on the Pylos piriformjars was influenced by their
appearance
on
contemporary
Minoan artefacts.
Moreover,
the
Pylos octopus
has
fringed
tentacles;
fringing
is not
a
feature of
LH III
A2-B
octopuses,
but
very
similar
fringing
is found
on creatures on
Minoan
larnakes,
such
as on the birds on a
LM III A-B
larnax from
Armenoi 12
and,
more
particularly,
on
octopuses
on
larnakes
from Tourtouloi and Praisos
dated to
LM III
B-C, 3
which look forward to the
fringed
octopus
so common on
LM
III
C
stirrup ars.
Two other of these
piriform ars
are decorated
with
scale
pattern,114
motif
found
in
LH
III
A
and
LH III
B,
but the linear decoration
consisting
of
a broad band flanked
by
a
96
BSA
65
(1970),
198
fig.
2.
18-19.
97
Added to
the
drawing
from the
back
of the vase.
98
Popham
(n.
77),
pl.
8
c-d.
99
Pylos
,
fig.
387.
100For
example
ibid.
fig. 357.
257,
86.
101
Ibid.
fig. 365. 336, 234.
102
Ibid.
FS
105
fig.
367. 676,
FS
69
fig.
371.
1175, 1138,
8o6.
103
Ibid.
fig.
196.
I,
O.
Dickinson,
The
Origins
f Mycenaean
Civilisation
(SIMA 49;
G6teborg,
1977),23.
104
Tiryns
VI,
BI6 pl.
65.
4.
105
MP
6o2.
106
Kanta,
figs.
75- 5,
76.
i,
3-4-
107
Pylos II,
fig.
273.
9.
108
Pylos
,
figs.
377-8.
109Ibid.
fig.
378.
403, 409-
110
Kanta,
ig. 73-
9
octopus,
P.
Betancourt,
The
History
of
Minoan
PotteryPrinceton, 1985),
pl.
27
A
stylized argonauts.
.'
Most
recently
a larnax of bath
type
decorated with
octopus
on the exterior and
large
fish on the interior has
been found
in a tomb in
Achaea.
112
Betancourt
(n.
IIo),
pl.
27
B.
113
Kanta,
292
and
figs. 65. 3, 73-
9-
114
Pylos
I,
fig.
377-
406-7.
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8/11/2019 Mountjoy - Deconstr Palace
22/30
THE
DESTRUCTION
OF
THE PALACE AT PYLOS
129
65
Pellana
66
Thorikos
68
Menelaion
67
Thebes
69
Sykea
70
Sykea
V72
Iria
Pylos
71
FIG.
I.
Deep
bowl
FS
284
Type
3.
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8/11/2019 Mountjoy - Deconstr Palace
23/30
i30
P.A.
MOUNTJOY
73
Pylos
Menelaion
74
75
Sykea
Pylos
76
1
77
Pylos
FIG.
12.
Deep
bowl FS
284
Type
4.
narrow one is
a
LH III
Al-III
A2
early
feature,
suggesting
that
LH III A
vases
may
have been
copied. 5
he rows of
running spiral
on the last
piriform ar
x can be found
in LH III
A2
and
LH III
C. These
piriformjars
have
down-sloping
rims,
as also a
piriformjar
2
from Tholos
Tomb III; this is an earlier feature but it is present on the alabastronfrom Athens 9 and on
Elian
LH III
C
Earlybelly-handledamphorae
and alabastra.116
Similarly
to
piriform
jars, stirrup ars
tend to have
simple banding
17
rather than the fine
line
groups normally
found;
the
only stirrup ars
with the latter
type
of
banding
are
probably
Argive imports
14.117
All
the
stirrup ars
from the
palace
are variations of FS
182,
the
conical
type,
and
FS
164,
the
large storage type, apart
from the
probable Argive import
x4,
which is
115
MDPfigs.
58-61,
80. I.
116
RMDPElis
nos.
64,
67.
117
Pylos
I,
fig. 391.
412
FS
182.
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8/11/2019 Mountjoy - Deconstr Palace
24/30
THE
DESTRUCTION
OF THE PALACE
AT
PYLOS
131
FS
173.
It
is most
odd
that
the
globular
FS
173
is not found
in
the
palace,
as
elsewhere it
is
the
most
popular stirrup jar shape
and the
only
one which continues
through
LH III
C. The
stirrup jar
FS
182
17
has
narrow
zonal decoration of foliate band
on the shoulder
which
recalls the
LH III C
Early
decoration
of Achaean
stirrup ars
and other
vases. 8
An
octopus
stirrup jar
FS
164119
s
not
out
of
place
in
this transitional context.
One
has
recently
been
found in the destructionlevel at Midea with a Linear B inscription.There is also an octopus
stirrup ar
from the Archive Room at Thebes.'20
Shapes peculiar
to the
palace
include
pithoil21
decorated with horizontal
wavy
line and
pithoid
hydriae,122
ith
two
small horizontal
belly
handles and a
vertical
handle from
neck to
shoulder,
also decorated with horizontal
wavy
lines,
as well as
vases which imitate
palatial
LH
II
A
jars
in
shape,
but not
necessarily
in
decoration.'23
One
of these
vessels,
no.
612,
has
squares
of
framed
net similar to that on the
Type
I
deep
bowl
from
Pylos
43;
another,
no.
418,
has
zones of rock
pattern,
a
motif
in
vogue
on alabastra until
LH III C
Early
and on
the
spouted
bowl FS
253
until
LH III
B;
other
vessels,
nos.
6oo,
604,
6o6,
are decorated with
vertical
wavy
lines
or
spirals
which
may
be
in
added white
paint;
several
vessels
have
rock
pattern
round
the
neck
in
the
Cretan
LM
II
tradition. Other local
shapes
include
a
version
of
the
stirrup ug
FS
151
with a double-beaked
spoutl24
and
of
FS
118
with a
pedestal
base.'25
A
large
collar-necked
ar
7,
unusually
et
on
tripod
feet,
has
a
pair
of
protuberant
ugs
each side
on
the shoulder.
This
large
size
FS
63
is
found on the Mainland
from
LH III
C,126
ut
it is
present
in
the transitional
deposits
at
Iria127
nd
at
Thebes.'28
There are
reasonablygood parallels
o the
shape
of the
Pylos
vase from
Crete dated
to
LM III
B
by
Kanta and
LM III
B-C
by
La
Rosa.'29
It is
decoratedwith
huge
semicircles inked
by
chevrons,
a
motif which
seems to be common
in
LH III
B2
and
possibly
n
LH
III
C
Early.
It is
present
in
the West Wall
deposit
at
Tiryns
on a
Group
B
deep
bowl,'30
at
Teichos
Dymaion
on a
Group
A
deep
bowl,131
nd is a
common motif
on vases
assigned
to
LH III
C
Early
n
Phocis,'32
which
may,
however,
belong
to this transitional
phase.
It
is also found
in
Boeotia: the
deep
bowl
from
Scimatari
38
is
assignedstylistically
o the
transitionalphase.A kratersherd from thisphaseat Nichoria'33with a monochrome nteriorhas
a variant
of
this
motif;
the semicirclesare
reduced to
curving
tails