mouse deer- finalppt
TRANSCRIPT
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FOOD PREFERENCE AND BEHAVIOR STUDY OF WHITE SPOTTED MOUSE DEER (Moscholoa meminna ) IN
CAPTIVITY
AG/AT/2012/3335B.M.M.WANIGASEKARA
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Introduction Problem statement Objectives Materials and methodology Results Discussion Conclusion References
Content
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Introduction
Sri Lanka is home for three Mouse deer species
- Moscholoa meminna - Moschiola Kathygre - Moschiola spp
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Scientific Classification of White spotted mouse deer
Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Artiodactyla Family : Tragulidae Genus : Moschiola Species : M.meminna
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Problem Statement
In zoological garden these animals are confined to artificial
enclosures with a marked deviation from the nature. Perhaps
stereotypic behaviors might be occur and their normal behavior
might be deviate from the natural behavior in captivity
Due to ease of management these animals are fed with a diet
recommended by veterinarian. Their natural feeding behavior,
nutrition requirements may not fulfilled and animal welfare
problems may occur
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By conducting behavior studies their living conditions could
be improved and can minimize animal welfare issues by doing
enrichment programs, habitat enrichments and supplying more
natural food for them according to their need and nutrition
requirements
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Objectives To Study Feeding behavior in captivity
Food selectivity Food preference when fed with normal diet
and natural food Feeding behavior as affected by the time
To study their normal behavior in captivity
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Experiment 01
Ethogram was prepared using preliminary observations of two weeks
Data was collected 4 times per day in following time periods to get an idea about their normal behavior
8.30 am – 9.30 am 9.30 am - 10.30 am 12.00 pm – 1.00 am 3.30 pm – 4.30 pm
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Experiment 02Existing diet was separated
Then each item presented in separate plastic trays
This method was conducted in the morning and in the
afternoon ( 9.30 am and 1.30 pm )
Preference was observed using an ethogram
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Sour plantain
Watermelon
Papaw
Cucumber
Salad leaves
Boiled Chickpea/Maize
Sweet potato
Kankong
600g
500g
500g
600g
250g
500g
350g
2000g
Morning diet
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Sour plantain
Water melon
Papaw
Apple
Kangkong
Sweet potato
300g
150g
200g
250g
5000g
350g
Afternoon diet
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Experiment 03
Natural food which they consumed in the wild was introduced after adaptation period of 1 week
(W.W.A. Phillips, 1935) Feeding behavior was observed using an ethogram
This was conducted for 2 weeks
Their normal diet was supplied as a control
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Results and Discussion
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Objective No.01 To Study Feeding behavior in captivity
Food selectivity Food preference when fed with normal diet and
natural food Timely feeding behavior
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Food selectivity – Morning diet 01
Sour p
lantain
Watermelon
Papaw
Cucumber
Salad le
aves
Chickpea
Apple
Kangkong
Other eating
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
4.24
1.430.48 0.24
5.24
18.09
4.76
12.62
5.24
Perc
enta
ge O
F E
ATIN
G
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Food selectivity – Afternoon diet 01
Watermelon Papaw Cucumber Salad leaves Apple Sweet potato Kangkong Other eating0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1.19 0.95 1.430.48
2.85
16.9
10.48
4.29
Perc
enta
ge O
F E
AT
ING
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Food Selectivity – Morning diet 02
Sour p
lantai
n
Wate
rmelo
nPap
aw
Cucum
ber
Salad l
eaves
Mung b
eanMaiz
eApp
le
Kangk
ong
Other e
ating
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
6.94.52
2.14
0.24
5.71
15.71
9.28
2.86
15.48
4.76
PER
CE
NT
AG
E O
F E
AT
ING
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Watermelon Papaw Cucumber Sour plantain Apple Sweet potato Kangkong Other eating0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1.430.24 0.71
1.19
3.1
14.57
12.14
5.95
Perc
enta
ge O
F E
AT
ING
Food Selectivity – Afternoon diet 02
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Nutrition composition of the morning diet
Energy (kcal)
Water (g)
Protein (g)
Fat (g)
Carbohydrate (g)
Fiber (g)
Ash(g)
01. Banana(Cavendish) 564 454.2 7.8 3.6 119.4 10.2 4.8
02 Watermelon 120 468 3 0.5 25.5 1.5 1.5
03. Papaw 200 445.5 4.5 0.5 40.5 6.5 2.5
04. Cucumber 96 572.4 3.6 0.6 16.8 4.2 2.4
05. Salad leaves 0.693 225 5 5 5 5 -
06. Boiled chickpea 1870 50.5 99 25.5 310.5 - 14.5
07. Kangkung 520 1828 58 6 38 44 26
08. Blackgram 75.25 26.5 58 4.75 86.75 65.25 8.75
09. Maize 355 167.25 9.5 10.75 48.5 12.5 1.5
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Nutrition composition of the afternoon diet Energy
(kcal)Water (g)
Protein (g)
Fat (g)
Carbohydrate (g)
Fiber (g)
Ash(g)
01. Banana(Cavendish)
282 227.1 3.9 1.8 59.7 5.1 2.4
02. Watermelon 36 140.4 0.9 0.15 7.65 0.45 0.45
03. Papaw 80 178.2 1.8 0.2 16.2 2.6 1.0
04. Apple 564 454.2 7.8 3.6 119.4 10.2 4.8
05. Kangkung 1300 4570 145 15 95 110 65
06. Sweet potato 360.5 257.6 2.45 1.05 85.4 11.2 3.5
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Food preference for wild and normal diet
Morning Afternoon0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
28.93
21.3123.45
10.48
Wild Normal
Perc
enta
ge
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Common Name Yard bean vines
Blue pea vines
Guvava
Wel penela
Wathu palu
Rose apple
Sweet potato vines
Winged bean vines
Scientific Name
Vigna unguiculata spp
Clitoria ternatea
Psidium guajava
Cardiosprmum halicacabum
Mikania cordata
Syzygium jambos
Ipomea batata
Phosphocarpus tetragonolobus
Wild diet consisted with….
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Undupiyaliya
Mukunuwenna
Gotukola
Lovi
Centro
Desmodium triflorum
Alternanthera sessilis
Centella asiatica
Flacourtia inermis
Centrosema pubescens
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Objective No.02 To study their behavior under captivity
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Daily Activity Budget2
1.3
12
8
3 2.1
0.50.20.0254.297
15.5
0.04 0.003
SleepingSittingRuminatingwalkingStandingOther eatingRunningSelf lickingSelf scratchingLayingEatingMatingParental careStereotipic behavior
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Behavior P Value ( Chi square )
Lying 0.028
Eating 0.000
Standing alert 0.499
Ruminating 0.383
Smelling 0.157
Licking 0.006
Walking 0.264
Standing 0.559
Other eating 0.915
Most obvious behaviors vs session
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1 2Session
0
5
10
15
20
25Pe
rcen
tage
Feeding Activities
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Variation of locomotion, grooming, social andstationary behaviors with the session
1 2Session
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
enta
ge
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Conclusion Moschiola meminna has a selective feeding
behavior according to their nutrition requirement
They preferred to eat boiled Chickpea, Mungbean, Maize and Kangkong in the morning diet and also Sweet potato and Kangkong in the evening diet
They desired more natural food from the wild rather than their existing diet proportionately, however statistically not significant
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Stationary behaviors are most obvious however their social behaviors are relatively low
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SuggestionsA comprehensive study is need to observe
behaviors in night time and distinguish the feeding during day and night
Further studies are need to observe the improvement of body condition and breeding after fed with natural diet
They can be fed with the natural diet to avoid other animal interactions ( Crows & Rats)
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ReferencesYapa, A. and Ratnavira, G. (2013). The Mammals of
Srilanka. 1st ed. Colombo: Field ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, pp.623-630.
Duckworth, J. and Timmins, R. (2016). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. [online] IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305 [Accessed 27 Nov. 2016].
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