mouse development - gbv · 2011-09-29 · i. introduction 191 iv. muscle-specific transcriptiona l...
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MouseDevelopmentPatterning, Morphogenesis, and Organogenesis
Janet Rossant
Patrick P. L. Tam
Contributors
xiii
IV. Specification of the Polarity of the Anterior -About the Editors
xvii
Posterior Axis of the Fetus?
29V Conclusions
3 2
References
33
I Establishment
of Body Patterns
3 Anterior Posterior Patterning of th eMouse Body Axis at Gastrulation
1 Fertilization and Activation
Stew-Lan Ang and Richard R . Behringe r
of the Embryonic Genome
I . Introduction
37Davor Softer, Wilhelmine N. de Vries, Alexei V. Evsikov,
II . Gastrulation
38Anne E. Peaston, Frieda H . Chen,
and Barbara B . Knowles
III . The Node : Morphogenesis, Cell Fate, an d
I. Introduction
5
Cell Movement
3 8
II. Oogenesis
6
IV. The Organizer Phenomenon : ConservedProperties of Vertebrate Organizers
4 0III.Meiosis and the Beginning of
Oocyte Asymmetry
7
V. The Vertebrate Organizer is a Dynamic,Nonhomogeneous, and Renewable Cel l
IV.Fertilization
8
Population at Gastrulation
4 0V Transcription andlts Control
8
VI . Insights into the Function of the MouseVI. mRNA Utilization during Oocyte Maturation
Organizer Gained from Genetic an dand Preimplantation Development
1 0
Embryological Studies
4 1VII. Gene Expression in the Early
VII . Genetic Analysis of Organizer Function : Mous eMouse Embryo
1 1
Mutants Showing Defects i nVIII. Functional Analysis
13
Organizer Function
42References
15
VIII . Inhibitory Signals Secreted by the Organize rand Its Derivatives
44
2 Asymmetry and Prepattern in
IX. Specification of the Primitive Streak an d
Mammalian Development
the Organizer
44X. Role of the AVE in Anterior Patternin g
R. L. Gardner
in Mouse
45I. Introduction
21
XI . Embryological and Genetic Analysi sII.Asymmetries in Early Development
23
of the Function of the AVE i nIII.Asymmetry of the Blastocyst
27
Anterior Patterning
46
XII.A Model for AVE Function in
IV. CNS Dorsal-Ventral Patterning Involves aAnterior Patterning
47
Tug of War between Dorsal and
XIII.Conclusions and Future Directions 48
Ventral Signaling
120
References
49
V. Summary
122References
12 2
4 Left-Right Asymmetry
Hiroshi Hamada
7 Somitogenesis : Segmentation of th e1 . Introduction
55
Paraxial Mesoderm and the Delineation o fll . Morphological Left-Right Asymmetries
56
Tissue CompartmentsIII . Genetic/ Molecular Pathway Governing Left-
Achim Gossler and Patrick P. L . TamRight Determination
58
I . Overview of Somite Development
127IV Molecular Readout of the
II . Allocation of Progenitor Cells to th eFirst Asymmetry
61
Paraxial Mesoderm
132V Role of the Midline
64
III . Cells Are in Transit in the Presomiti cVl . Readout of Left-Right Asymmetry in
Mesoderm
132Later Development
65
IV Regionalized Genetic Activity Points to aVII. Miscellaneous Mutations/
Prepattern of Prospective Somites
133Gene Factors
67
V. Emergence of Anterior-Posterio rVIII.Diversity among Vertebrates
68
Somite Compartments
13 4IX.Future Challenges
69
Vl . Role of Notch Signaling in the Establishmen tReferences
70
of Somite Borders and Anterior-Posterio rPolarity
134VII . A Molecular Clock Operates in the Paraxia l
5 Patterning, Regionalization, and Cell
Mesoderm to Control the Kinetics of
Differentiation in the Forebrain
Somite Formation
138
Oscar Marin and John L . R . Rubenstein
VIII . Specification of Lineage Compartments by
1 . Organization of the Forebrain
75
Inductive Interactions
139
ll . Early Patterning and Regional Specification of
IX . Summary and Open Questions
142
the Forebrain
78
References
14 4
III . Morphogenetic Mechanisms in th eForebrain
85IV Control of Neurogenesis and Cell-Type
If Lineage S Specification andSpecification in the Forebrain
87
PReferences
97
Differentiation8 Extraembryonic Lineages
6 Establishment of Anterior-Posterior and
Janet Rossant and James C . Cros s
Dorsal-Ventral Pattern in the Early Central
I . Introduction
15 5
Nervous System
Il . Early Development of the Trophoblast an d
Alexandra L . Joyner
Primitive Endoderm Lineages
15 6
1 . Overview of Early CNS Development
III . Cell Lineage Analysis and th e
and Patterning
107
Extraembryonic Lineages
1 5 6
11 . Anterior-Posterior Patterning
IV Setting Aside the Blastocyst Lineages
1 5 8
of the Mesencephalon and
V Molecular Specification of the Blastocys tMetencephalon
110
Cell Lineages
15 9
111 . Hindbrain Anterior-Posterior Patterning
VI . Differentiation of the Yolk Sacs
16 1Involves Segmental Units
VII . Morphogenetic Events in Development of th eof Development
117
Chorioallantoic Placenta
161
VIII.Comparative Aspects of Development of
V Future Directions
206Extraembryonic Membranes
162
References
206IX.Molecular Control of Primitiv e
Endoderm Development
16 4X. Signaling Pathways in Early
1 1 Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesi s
Trophoblast Development
1 66
Thomas N. Sato and Siobhan Loughn a
XI. Control of Spongiotrophoblast and Giant
I . Introduction
21 1
Cell Fate
168
II . Overview of Vascular Development
21 1
XII. Trophoblast Giant Cell Development :
III . Generation of Endothelial Cells
21 2
Gene Pathways and Control of
IV. Vascular Morphogenesis
220Endoreduplication
169
V. Concluding Remarks
22 8XIII. Initiating Chorioallantroic Fusion
170
References
228XIV. Gcm 1 Regulates the Initiation of
Chorioallantoic Branching
170
XV. Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Branching
12 Stem Cells of the Nervous Syste m
Morphogenesis of the Labyrinth
171
Sean J . Morrison
XVI. Placental Development and
I . Introduction
235
Pregnancy Complications
173
II . Lineage Determination of Neura l
References
174
Stem Cells
23 7III . Do Stem Cells Retain Broad or Narrow
Neuronal Potentials?
24 1
9 Germ Cells
IV. Regulation of Neural Stem Cel lSelf-Renewal
242Christopher Wylie and Robert Anderson
V.I. General Concepts
181
Differences between Hematopoietic Stem Cell sand Neural Stem Cells
243II. Early Appearance of Germ Cells in
VI . In Vivo Function of Neura lthe Mouse
182
Stem Cells
244III.Specification of Germ Cells in
VII . Surprising Potential of Neura lthe Mouse
183
Stem Cells
245IV.Migration of Germ Cells
185
VIII . Are Neural Stem Cells Involve dV. Motility of Germ Cells
185
in Disease?
246VI. Guidance of Germ Cell Migration
186
IX . Outstanding Issues
248VII.Adhesive Behavior of Germ Cells
References
248during Migration
18 7VIII.Survival and Proliferation of Germ Cell s
during Migration
188
1 3 Cellular and Molecular Mechanism s
References
189
Regulating Skeletal Muscle DevelopmentAtsushi Asakura and Michael A. Rudnick i
I . Introduction
253
10 Development of the Vertebrate
II . Embryonic Origin of Skeletal Muscle
254
Hematopoietic System
III . MyoD Family of Myogenic Regulatory
Nancy Speck, Marian Peeters, and Elaine Dzierzak
Factors
25 6
I. Introduction
191
IV. Muscle-Specific Transcriptiona l
II. Cellular Aspects of Blood Development in the
Regulation
262
Mouse Embryo
192
V. Inductive Mechanism s
III.Molecular Genetic Aspects of Blood
of Myogenesis
26 2
Development in the Mouse Embryo
202
VI . Specification of Muscle Fiber Types
268
IV.Current Cellular and Molecular Conceptual
VII . Muscle Regeneration
269
Frameworks for Hematopoietic
VIII . Conclusion
27 2Ontogeny
205
References
272
1 4 Deconstructing the Molecular Biology
III . A Conserved Pathway for Cardiac Inductio n
of Cartilage and Bone Formation
and Morphogenesis
33 4
Benoit de Crombrugghe, Veronique Lefebvre,
IV Cardiac Induction : The Rol e
and Kazuhisa Nakashima
of Endoderm
334
I. Introduction
279
V. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins as Cardia c
II. Sox Transcription Factors : Essential Roles in the
Inducing Molecules
33 6
Chondrocyte Differentiation Program
28 1
VI . Other Factors Involved i n
III. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide (PTHrP)
Cardiac Induction
33 6
and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) /PTHrP
VII . A Role for Anterior Visceral Endoderm i n
Receptor: Gatekeepers of the Zone of
Cardiac Induction in the Mouse?
338
Hypertrophic Chondrocytes
284
VIII . The Heart Morphogenetic Field
33 9
IV.FGFs and FGF Receptor 3 : Counterintuitive
IX . The Size and Shape of th eInhibitors of Chondrocyte
Heart Field
339Proliferation
286
X. The Timing and Stability of Cardia cV. Ihh: A Central Coordinator of Endochondral
Induction
34 0Bone Formation
287
XI . Migration of Cardiac Precursors
340VI. The Two Roles of the Transcription Factor
XII . Cellular Proliferation and Death in theCbfa 1 in Endochondral
Forming Heart
34 1Bone Formation
288
XIII . Cardiac Myogenesis
34 1VII. Other Transcription Factors Involved in
XIV. Modulation of Myogenesis i nBone Formation
290
Heart Chambers
343VIII.Gelatinase B and Vascular Endothelial Growth
XV. Regionality in the Developing Heart
343Factor : Additional Coordinators of
XVI . Plasticity of Heart Regionalization
344Endochondral Bone Formation
290IX.Conclusion
291
XVII . The Segmental Model•ofCardiac Morphogenesis
344References
292
XVIII . An Inflow/Outflow Model of Early HeartTube Patterning
34 5
111 Organogenesis
XIX . A Role for Retinoic Acid Signaling in Inflow /Outflow Patterning
346
15 Development of the Endoderm
XX. A Role for the Delta/Notch Pathway in Primar yHeart Patterning
347and Its Tissue Derivatives
XXI . Cardiac Chamber Formation
347
Brigid L. M. Hogan and Kenneth S . Zaret
XXII . Ventricular Specification : Knock-Out andI. Introduction and Overview
301
Transgenic Phenotypes
348II. Endoderm Development prior to
XXIII . Transcriptional Circuits Acting i nOrganogenesis
302
Chamber Formation
35 1III.Patterning and Differentiation of the
XXIV. The Cardiac Left-Right is
35 1Digestive Tract
307
XXV. Developmental Pathways and Congenita lIV Development of Tissues That Bud from
Heart Disease
35 6the Endoderm
310
XXVI . Horizons
35 7V. Perspectives and Remaining Issues on
References
358Organogenesis from the Endoderm
32 2References
322
1 7 Sex Determination and Differentiatio nAmanda Swain and Robin Lovell-Badg e
1 6 Molecular Determinants of Cardiac
I . Introduction
37 1
Development and Congenital Disease
II . Gonad Development
372
Richard P. Harvey
III . Sex Determination
37 6I. Introduction
332
IV. Testis Differentiation
38 0
II. Overview of Heart Structure
V. Cell Movement and Proliferation in theand Development
332
Early Gonad
382
VI. Ovary Differentiation
384
21 Development of the EyeVII. Sexual Development
384
Hisato Kondo hVIII. Evolution and Sex Determination
386
L Overview of Eye Development
51 9IX. Conclusion
388
II . Development of the Retina
52 1References
389
III . Lens Development
52 8IV. Conservation and Divergence of th e
1 8 Development of the Excretory System
Transcriptional Regulatory Systems in th e
Gregory R. Dressler
Eye Development
533
I . Introduction
395
References
53 5
IL Patterning of th eIntermediate Mesoderm
396
22 Development of the Mouse Inner EarIII . Growth of the Nephric Duct and Ureteric
Amy E. Kiernan, Karen P. Steel, and Donna M . FeketeBud Diverticulum
400
I . Introduction
53 9IV. Inductive Interactions
404
II . Anatomy of the Inner Ear
54 0V Mesenchyme to Epithelial
III . Development of the Inner Ear
54 1Conversion
407VI. Glomerular Development and
IV. Early Development of the Otic Blacod e
Vascularization
412
and Otocyst
542
VII. Developmental Basis of Human
V. Pattern Formation in the Inner Ear
546
Renal Disease
414
VI . Sensory Differentiation
55 2
VIII. Future Perspectives
416
VII . Neurogenesis
55 8
References
416
VIII . The Stria Vascularis
55 9IX. Future Directions
560
19 Craniofacial Development
References
56 1
Michael J . Depew, Abigail S . Tucker, and Paul T . Sharp e
I. Introduction
421
23 Integumentary StructuresII. Primordial Cells of the Head
422
Carolyn Byrne and Matthew Hardma n
Ill . Organ Development
433
I . Introduction
567IV. Conclusion
454
II . Mature Skin
569V. Appendix 1 : Descriptive
III . Non-Neural Embryonic Ectoderm
570Dental Development
454
IV. Stratification
57 1VI . Appendix 2 : Morphological Organization of
V. Dermal Development
57 2the Murine Skull
456
VI . Epidermal Appendag eVII . Appendix 3 : Molecular Regulators
Morphogenesis
574of Craniofacial Pattern
VII . Model for Follicle Formation: The Firs tand Development
465
Dermal Signal
57 4References
481
VIII . Follicle Spacing
57 7IX. Follicle Morphogenesis an d
20 Pituitary Gland Development
Differentiation
57 8Sally Camper, Hoonkyo Suh, Lori Raetzman,
X. Follicle Morphogenesis an dKristin Douglas, Lisa Cushman, Igor Nasonkin,
Follicle Cycling
57 8Heather Burrows, Phil Gage, and Donna Martin
XI . Molecular Parallels betweenI. Pituitary Gland Anatomy
Skin Tumorigenesis andand Function
499
Skin Development
57 9II. Development of the Pituitary Primordia and
XII . Early Terminal Differentiation
579Cell Specification
500
XIII . Regulation of Transit to Late Stages ofIII.Expansion of Committed Cell Types
510
Terminal Differentiation
580IV.Conclusion
512
XIV. Late Terminal Differentiation : Formation o fReferences
513
Stratum Corneum and Skin Barrier
581
XV. Periderm Disaggregation
583
Author Index
59 1
XVI. Conclusions and Future Directions
584
Subject Index
69 1
References
584