mpmc course file

Microprocessors and

microcontrollersA.Narmada

AssOC. Professor

COURSEFILE

Department ofELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCEVIGNAN HILLS, DESHMUKHI VILLAGE, POCHAMPALLY (MANDAL)

NALGONDA (DISTRICT) - 508284Sponsored by

Lavu Educational Society(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to JNT University, Hyderabad)

COURSE OBJECTIVE

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Course Objective

COURSE OBJECTIVE

Course Objective:

The course provides an in-depth understanding of the operation of microprocessors and

microcontrollers, machine language programming & interfacing techniques. This course is designed to

impart professional training to the students engineering, to interface and build microprocessors and

Microcontroller based applications involving interfacing of 8255 with 8086 and serial communication.

The objective of this course is to teach students design and interfacing of microcontroller-based

embedded systems.

Further the students will be able to program in both assembly and C languages

and understand the impact of computer hardware on software programming. The

student will be taught the course in a realistic, real-world-oriented fashion so that

the students have a basic understanding of various constraints in embedded

systems. It teaches the students how is to use the microcontrollers as a means to

integrate the curriculum so that our students gain a comprehensive view of

various topics they have learned in their previous years. The new course blends

the lectures and the labs together, and emphasizes hands-on, active learning with

labs and projects.

This approach allows all engineering students the opportunity to learn to use the microprocessor as a

tool for solving engineering monitoring and control problems. The approach consists of shifting the

focus of the course from the microprocessor itself to learning the design methodology by which the

microprocessor could be used as a tool to solve practical engineering problems.

This course is intended as a first level course for microprocessor and microcontroller based system

design. Designer of microprocessor system must have a thorough understanding of hardware, software

and system integration. In view of this, various aspects of hardware design, such as interfacing of

memory and different types of I/O devices, will be covered in details. As it is customary to write

software in machine or assembly language for embedded system applications, laboratory assignments

will be on assembly language programming of 8086 and 8051. The students will also learn to use

development aids, such as a assembler and simulator to perform software development, hardware

development and hardware-software integration. Finally, each batch of students will implement a

complete microcontroller-based system as part of the lab assignment.


Syllabus


SYLLABUS

MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Objective :The objective of the Microprocessor and Microcontrollers is to do the students familiarize the architecture of 8086 processor, assembling language programming and interfacing with various modules. The student can also understand of 8051 Microcontroller concepts, architecture, programming and application of Microcontrollers. Student able to do any type of industrial and real time applications by knowing the concepts of Microprocessor and Microcontrollers.

UNIT-I 8086 ARCHITECTURE:Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor, 8086 architecture, Functional Diagram, Register Organization, memory segmentation, programming model. Memory addresses, Physical memory organization.Architecture of 8086, signal descriptions of 8086- common function signals. Minimum mode maximum mode signals. Timing diagrams, Interrupts of 8086,Addressing modes,.UNIT-II INSTRUCTION SET AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMMING OF 8086Instruction formats, addressing mode, instruction set, assembler directives, macros, simple programs involving logical, branch and call instructions, sorting, evaluationg arithmetic expressions, string manipulationsUNIT-III I/O INTERFACE8255 PPI, Various modes of operations and interfacing to 8086, Interfacing keyboard, display, stepper motor interfacing, A/D, D/A Converter Interfacing.

UNIT-IV INTERFACING WITH ADVANCED DEVICES.

Memory interfacing to 8086, Interrupt structure of 8086, Vector Interrupt table, Interrupt service routine. Introduction to DOS and BIOS interrupts, Interfacing Interrupt controller 8259, DMA controller 8257 to 8086UNIT-V COMMUNICATION INTERFACESerial Communication Standards, serial data transfer schemes, 8251 architecture and interfacing Interfacing RS-232, IEEE-488, 20mA Current Loop, Prototyping and Trouble shooting

UNIT-VI INTRODUCTION TO MICRO CONTROLLERSOverview of 8051 Micro Controller, Architecture, I/O ports and Memory Organization, Addressing modes and Instruction set of 8051, Simple Programs using Stack Pointer, Assembly language programming.

UNIT-VII 8051 REAL TIME CONTROL INTERRUPTSInterrupts, Timer/Counter and Serial Communication, Programming Timer Interrupts, Programming External H/W interrupts, Programming the serial communication interrupts, Interrupt Priority in the 8051, Programming 8051 Timers, Counters and Programming.

UNIT- VIII THE AVR RISC MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE Introduction, AVR family architecture, Register file, The ALU, memory access and instruction execution. I/ O memory, EEPROM, I/ O ports, Timers, UART, Interrupt structure.

TEXT BOOKS:


1. Kenneth J Ayala, “ The 8051 Micro Controller Architecture, Programming and Applications”, Thomson Publishers, 2nd Edition.

2. D.V.Hall, “Micro Processor and Interfacing “, Tata McGraw-Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ajay V. Deshmukh, “Microcontrollers – theory applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill Companies – 2005.

2. Ray and BulChandi, “ Advanced Micro Processors”, Tata McGraw-Hill.3. Kenneth J Ayala, “ The 8086 Micro Processors Architecture, Programming and Applications”,

Thomson Publishers, 2005.4. Microcomputer Systems: The 8086/8088 Family: Architecture, Programming and Design, 2nd

ed., Liu & Gibson

WEBSITES

1. http:// doc.union.edu / 2. http://intel.com 3. http://buildinggadgets.com/

JOURNALS

1. IEEE Transaction on Electronic Devices (ISSN: 0018-9383)2. Journal of Active and Passive Electronic Devices (ISSN: 1555-0281)3. International Journal of Micro and Nano Electronics, (ISSN: 0975-4768)4. Journal of Electronic Testing (ISSN: 0923-8174)

http://intel.com/

http://www.intel.com/

STUDENT'S SEMINAR TOPICS

Microprocessors and microcontrollers Seminar Topics

STUDENTS SEMINAR TOPICS

1. Architecture of 8086 and its applications2. Segmentation3. Memory Interfacing4. 8255 PPI5. 8051 Introduction6. Programming if 80867. Programming of 80518. Serial communication standards9. Interrupts of 808610. 8051 Programming, timers/ Counters, Interrupts11. AVR Microcontrollers12. RISC microcontrollers

LECTURE PLAN

LECTURE PLAN

S.No NAME OF THE TOPICNo of

PeriodsMethod of Teaching Text books referred

1.Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor

1 ---

2. 8086 architecture 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector

D. V Hall, 2nd edition 2006---

3. Register organization 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


4. Memory Segmentation 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


5. Programming Model 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


6. Memory Addresseing 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


7. Physical memory Organization 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


8. Signal descriptions of 8086 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


9. Minimum Mode 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


10. Maximum Mode 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


11. Timing Diagrams 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


12. 8086 Interrupts 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


13. Instruction set 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


14. Assembly language programming 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector






17.Assembly language programming

1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector

Advanced Microprocessors and peripherals A K Ray and K M burchandi

18. Addressing Modes 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


19. Instruction set 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


20. Assembler directives, Macros 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


21. Simple programs 1 Black board Chalk and LCD Projector

Advanced Microprocessors and peripherals A K Ray

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Objective Type Questions

and K M burchandi

22. Sorting 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


23. Evaluating arithmetic expressions 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


24. String manipulations 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


25. 8255 PPI introduction 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


26. Modes of operation 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


27. And interfacing to 8086 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


28. Keyboard Interfacing 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


29. Display Interfacing 1Black board, Chalk and LCD Projector


30. Stepper motor Interfacing 1Black board, Chalk and LCD Projector


31. DAC and ADC Interfacing 1Black board, Chalk and LCD Projector


32. Memory Interfacing to 8086 1Black board, Chalk and LCD Projector


33. Interrupt structure of 8086 1Black board, Chalk and LCD Projector


34. Interrupt Vector Table 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


35. DOS and BIOS Interrupts 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


36. 8259 Interfacing 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


37. 8257 DMAC Interfacing 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


38. Serial Communication standards 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


Vignan Institute of Technology & Science III B.Tech 2nd Semester


39. Serial Data Transfer schemes 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


40. 8251 USART architecture 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


41.8251 USART Interfacing with 8086



42. RS 232, IEEE 488 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


43. Prototype And trouble shooting 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


44. Introduction to 8051 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector

Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 microcontroller, 3rd edition

45. Architecture of 8051 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


46. 8051 ports, Interrupts 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


47. Memory organization 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


48. Addressing modes 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


49. Instruction set of 8051 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


50. Simple programs 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


51. 8051 real time control interrupts 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


52. Timer/ counter interrupts 1 Black board and ChalkKenneth J Ayala, The 8051 microcontroller, 3rd edition

53. External hardware interrupts 1Black board, Chalk and LCD Projector


54.Programming serial communication interrupts



55.Programming 8051 timers and counters



56.Introduction to AVR and RISC microcontrollers



57. AVR family architecture 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


58.Register File, ALU, Memory access



59. Instruction execution 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


60. I/ O memory 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


61. EEPROM, I/ O Ports 1 Black board Chalk and LCD Projector

Advanced Microprocessors and peripherals A K Ray



and K M burchandi

62. Timers, USART 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


63. Interrupt structure 1Black board Chalk and LCD Projector


LEARNING OBJECTIVES



LEARNING OBJECTIVES

UNIT I: 8086 Architecture At the conclusion of this unit student will

1. Explain the 8085 architecture 2. Explain the 8086 architecture 3. Describe 8086 register organisation 4. Explain segmentation 5. Explain pin diagram of 8086.6. Draw and explain minimum and maximum modes of 8086 7. Draw and explain timing diagrams of 8086 in minimum and maximum modes8. Explain the interrupts of 8086

UNIT II : Instruction set and assembly language programming of 8086

At the conclusion of this unit student will

1. Explain the instruction set of 80862. Explain the addressing modes of 80863. Explain the assembler directives of 80864. Define and differentiate procedure and macros5. Write simple programs involving branching, call, and arithmetic operations6. Write simple programs involving sting manipulations

UNIT III: I/ O interface

At the conclusion of this unit student will1. Explain the operation of 8255 PPI 2. Explain various modes of operation of 82553. Interface 8255 with 80864. Interface Keyboard with 8086 using 82555. Interface Display with 8086 using 82556. Interface stepper motor with 8086 using 82557. Interface ADC with 8086 using 82558. Interface DAC with 8086 using 8255

UNIT IV: Interfacing with advanced devicesAt the conclusion of this unit student will

1. Interface memory with 80862. Explain interrupt structure of 80863. Explain Interrupt Vector Table(IVT)4. Explain DOS and BIOS Interrupts5. Explain Interrupt Service Routines6. Explain the operation of 8259 Interrupt controller7. Explain the operation of 8257 DMA controller



Unit V:Communication Interface At the conclusion of this unit student will

1. Define Serial communication standards 2. Explain serial data transfer schemes3. Explain USART architecture4. Explain USART interfacing with 80865. Explain RS – 2326. Ex[lain IEEE-4887.

UNIT VI: Introduction to Microcontrollers


1. Explain the architecture of 80512. Describe the pin diagram of 80513. Describe the I/ O Ports of 80514. Explain the memory organization of 80515. Explain the addressing modes of 80516. Explain the instruction set of 80517. Write and execute simple programs

UNIT- VII: 8051 Real Time control

At the conclusion of this unit student will1. Program the timers/ counters of 80512. Program the serial communication3. Program external hardware interrupts4. Program the serial communication interrupts

UNIT-VIII: The AVR RISC microcontroller Architecture


1. Explain the architecture of AVR microcontroller2. Explain the register file of AVR microcontroller3. Explain the I/ O ports of AVR microcontroller4. Explain the memory map of AVR microcontroller5. Explain the timers of AVR microcontroller6. Explain the UART of AVR microcontroller7. Explain the interrupt structure of AVR microcontroller



OBJECTIVE TYPE

QUESTIONS



OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

. The number of address spaces of 8085 is [ ]( a) 4 ( b ) 8 ( c ) 2 ( d ) 1

2. One of these is an index register [ ]( a) BP ( b ) SI ( c ) DX (d ) PC

3. Which of these is an 8 bit register ’? [ ]( a) DX ( b ) CX ( c ) BX ( d ) AH

4. The fag which indicates whether the number of 1s are odd or even in the lower 8 bits is[ ]

( a) C Y ( b ) Z (c)P ( d ) S F

5. Which of these bits is used specially in packed BCD arithmetic? [ ]( a) D F ( b ) CY ( c ) AC ( d ) OF

6. f EA is used to represent Effective address then what addressing mode does EA = [2000]Represent [ ]( a) Register Direct ( b ) Register indirect (c) Indirect Addressing ( d) immediate addressing

7. Which of these combinations is used by STOSB instruction [ ]( a) ES:DX ( b ) DX:AX ( c ) SS:BP ( d ) DS:SP

8. The width of the SP register is [ ](a) 32 bits (b) 8 bits (c) 24 bits (d) 16 bits

9. The flags used for controlling interrupts is [ ]( a) TF ( b ) AC ( c ) DF ( d )IF

10. Which of these combinations is not allowed in computing address [ ]( a) B P +SP ( b ) B P +DX ( c ) BP+BX ( d ) B X + SP

11. The width of the SP register is [ ](a) 32 bits (b) 8 bits (c) 24 bits (d) 16 bits

12. One of the following is a wrong register pair [ ]( a) CH,DH ( b ) D H , D L ( c ) B H , B L ( d ) A H , A L

13. Which of these flags indicates a carry from a nibble? [ ]( a) CY ( b ) Z (c) 0 ( d )AC



14. The flags used for controlling interrupts is [ ]( a) TF ( b ) AC ( c ) DF ( d )IF

15. Which of these combinations is not allowed in computing address [ ]( a) B P +SP ( b ) B P +DX ( c ) BP+BX ( d ) B X + SP

16 The 8085 is a bit microprocessor [ ]( a) 4 bit ( b ) 8 bit ( c ) 32b it ( d ) 1 6 bit

17 The size of the 8086 flag register is [ ]( a) 32 b its ( b) 1 Gbit s ( c ) 8 bits ( d ) 64 bits

18 One of the following is wrong combination of registers [ ]( a) E S : DX (b ) DS :SP ( c ) D S : SS ( d ) C S : IP

19 The flag which indicates whether the number of 1s are odd or even in the lowver 8 bits is [ ]

( a) P ( b ) C Y ( c ) S F ( d ) Z20 The segment size of 8086 is [ ]

(a) 23 KB (b) 56 kB (c) 64KB (d) 60KB

1 d 2 b 3 d 4 c 5 c 6 a 7 d 8 d 9 d 10 b 11 d 12 a 13 d 14 d 15 b 16 b 17 a 18 c 19 a 20 c


1. The first operation done by PUSH instruction is [ ]( a) Upper Byte of data to stack & SP=SP+1 ( b ) Lower Byte of data to stack &SP=SP 1( c ) Lower Byte of data to stack & SP=SP+1 ( d ) Upper Byte of data to stack & SP=SP 1

2. The following program will loop how many times [ ]MOV AX, 2 MOV DX, OFF AGAI N: MOV CX, OFFDEC DX LOOP AGAIN

(a) 10 (b) 255(c) N F N TE ( d ) 65535

3. Which of these is external to the program code [ ] (a) Procedure (b) Macro (c) Library function (d) Sub Routine

4. When a CMP instruction executes and the source and destination operands are not equal what will be condition of Z and carry flag when source is greater than destination [ ]



(a) Z=1, CY= O (b )Z=0, CY=1 (c) Z=0,CY=0 (d) Z=1,CY=1

5. Which of these cases uses only registers [ ](a) CALL F (b) CALL BX (c) CALL (d) CALL TABLE [BX]

6. Given the program shown below, What is the expression evaluated by this program? [ ]

MOV AL ,[P] MOV BL, [Q] ADD AL, BL MUL AL ADD AL, RMOV CL, S DIV CL(a) (P+Q2+R)/ s (b) ((P+Q)2+R/S (c) (P+(Q+R)2)/S (d ) ((P+Q)2+R)/S

7. Which of these instructions writes a byte to memory? [ ](a) MOV SB (b) LOD SB (c) SCA SB (d) STO SB

15. On the following program what is the final value of the S register. [ ] MOV AX, 1000 MOV ES, AXMOV DS, 3000 MOV S, 0 MOV D, O CLD MOV CX, FF AG: MOV SW LOOP AG(a) 01FE (b) 01FF (c) 01FFF (d) 00FF

8. AN 8086 instruction is of which of these forms [ ](a)Opcode, Source, Destination ( b ) Op code,Destination,Source(c)Source, destination, Opcode (d) Destination, source, opcode

9. Which of these instructions is invalid [ ]( a) M OV BH , CH ( b ) MOV C H , C L( c ) MOV CX, BL ( d ) MOV BX , C X

10. Is the directive which indicates a reference point in memory and is usually used by JUMPInstructions [ ]( a) START ( b ) LABEL ( c ) ORG ( d ) LENGTH31. Which registers will contain the product of a 16 bit multiplication instruction [ ]( a) BX , DX ( b ) CH , CL ( c ) AH , AL ( d )AX,DX

11.In the following program what is the final value of the S register? [ ] MOV AX, 1000 MOV ES, AXMOV DS, 3000



MOV S ,0 MOV D ,0 CLD MOV CX, FF AG:MOV SW LOOP AG( a) 0 ( b ) 01FFF ( c ) 00F F ( d ) 01F E

12. In the following program what is the value of CX after the loop is executed [ ]MOV AX,2 MOV DX,0FFFh MOV CX,10AGA N:DEC DXLOOP AGA N( a) 0 F F ( b ) 1 ( c) 0 ( d ) 0 F E F13 Given the program shown below, What is the expression evaluated by this program?

[ ]MOV AL, [P] MOV BL, [Q] ADD AL, BL MUL AL DIV CL(a)(P+(Q+R)2)/S (b)((P+Q)2+R)/S (c ) ( P+Q 2 +R)Is (d)((P+Q)2+R/S

14 . EA is used to represent Effective address then what addressing mode does EA=RRepresent [ ]( a) Register Direct (b) indirect Addressing (c)Register indirect (d)immediate addressing

15 Which of these is not used by MOV SB instruction? [ ]( a) ES : DX ( b ) DF ( c ) DS : SP ( d ) SS : BP

16. POP instruction utilizes one of the following combinations [ ]( a) CS ; IP ( b ) DS : SS ( c ) SS : B P ( d ) SS : S P

17. Which of the following instructions are used for searching a byte ina string of bytes? [ ](a)CMPSB (b) MOVSB (c)SCASW (d)SCASB

18. Which of these instructions uses BX register to point to at a byte and AL register to took up at a byte is

[]

( a) XOR ( b ) XC H G ( c ) L OO P ( d ) X LAT

19. Which of these instructions reads a byte from memory? [ ](a) MOV SB (b) LOD SB (c) SCA SB (d) STO SB



20. When a CMP instruction executes and the source and destination operands are not equal what will be condition of Z and carry flag when source is less than destination [ ](a) Z=1, CY= 0 (b )Z=0, CY=1 (c) Z=0,CY=0 (d) Z=1,CY=1

1 c 2 a 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 d 7 d 8 b 9 c 10 b 11 b 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 c 16 d 17 d 18 d 19 b 20 d

UNIT-III : I/O INTERFACE

1. Mode 1 of 8255 is used for which of these I/O methods []( a) Bi-Directional Handshake ( b ) DMA I/O ( c ) Strobed or Hand Shake mode( d ) Simple Input/Output

2. If the 8255 is selected for addresses 0F800H to 0F806H, which one of the following is the address of PORT C [

](a) 0F806H ( b ) 0F802H ( c ) 0F804H ( d ) 0F800H

3. If 8 seven segment led multiplexed displays including the decimal point are connected. How many wires are needed to connect the segments (not including power supply wires)?( a) 15 ( b ) 16 ( c ) 56( d ) 64

[ ]

4. The diode kept across the coil of a step per motor is for ? [ ]( a) Shorting the Back EMF ( b ) To stop the step per motor( c ) Stopping flow of current( d ) Allowing flow of current

5. In the A/D converter ADC0808 which of these signals tri states the digital output of ADC( a) EOC ( b ) ALE ( c ) SOC ( d ) OE [

]

6. Mode 1 of 8255 is used for which of these I/O methods []

( a) Simple Input/ Output ( b ) DMA I/O( c ) Bi-Directional Hand shake ( d ) Strobed or Hand Shake mode

7. If the control word 09BH is given to the control register of the 8255 PPI then which of these options are the condition of the ports

[ ]( a) BIT SET RESET ( b ) ALL PORT‘s INPUT( c ) ALL PORT‘s OUTPUT ( d ) PORT‘s A&B INPUT,PORT C OUTPUT

8. When 8255 port is to be read then which of these combinations is valid []



( a) RD= 1 , W R= 0, R E S E T =0 , C S =0( b ) RD= 0 , W R= 1, R E S E T =1 , C S =0( c ) R D= 0 , W R= 1, R E S E T =0 , C S =1( d ) R D= 0 , W R= 1, R E S E T =0 , C S =0

9. Which of these key switches is non mechanical contact type? []( a) MECHANICAL KEY SWITCHES( b ) HALL EFFECT KEY SWITCHES( c ) MAGNETIC REED KEY SWITCHES( d ) MEMBRANE KEY SWITCHES

10. Two 8255‘s IC1&IC2 are connected to 8086 16 bit bus and D0 to D7 are connected to IC1 and D8 to D15 are connected to IC2. The base address signals A0&A1 go to IC1&IC2‘s A0&A1 pins respectively. If a decoded signal with a range of 0FFE0H to 0FFE3H then What is the address of IC1PORT B register

[ ]( a) 0FFE2H( b ) 0FFE0H( c ) 0FFE3H( d ) 0FFE1H

11. The number of ports 8255 PPI has is []( a) 3 ( b ) 2 ( c ) 1 ( d ) 4

12. If 8 seven segment led multiplexed displays including the decimal point are all lighted up and each of these is biased to carry 5mA. What is the total current drawn from the power supply when all the segments are ON?

[ ]( a) 280 mA ( b ) 80 mA ( c ) 40 mA ( d ) 300 mA

13. How many wires does as stepper motor effectively have? [ ]( a) 4 ( b ) 2 ( c ) 3 ( d ) 5

14. An A/D converter which has a maximum output digital value of 1023 need show many wires forconnecting its digital output to a peripheral chip [

]( a) 10 ( b ) 13 ( c ) 8 ( d ) 12

15. The 8255 PPI has [ ]( a) 28 pins ( b ) 16 pins ( c ) 40 pins ( d ) 64 pins

16. In a D/A converter the output voltage is( a) Voltage ( b ) Pulses ( c ) current d ) Ramp

17. At power on or after reset the ports are in which of these conditions []

( a) PORT A=INPUT,PORT B=INPUT, PORT C=INPUT( b ) PORT A=INPUT,PORT B=INPUT, PORT C=OUT PUT( c ) PORT A=INPUT, PORT B=OUTPUT, PORT C=OUTPUT



( d ) PORT A=OUTPUT, PORT B=INPUT, PORT C=OUTPUT

18. . Which of these motors works like a digital system []

( a) DC MOTOR ( b ) STEPPER MOTOR( c ) INDUCTION MOTOR ( d ) SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

19. An 8 bit A/D converter with a reference voltage of 5 Volts will be able to read a lowest non zero voltage of

[ ]( a) 20 Mv ( b ) 19.5 mV ( c ) 21 mV ( d ) 19 mV

20. Group B port assignments of 8255 is []

( a) Port B & Lower PortC ( b ) Port A& Upper Port C( c ) Port B& Upper PortC ( d ) Port A & Lower Port C

Answers1 c 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 d 6 a 7 b 8 d 9 b 10 d 11 a 12 c 13 d 14 a 15 c 16 b 17 a 18 b 19 b 20 a

UNIT-IV: INTERFACING WITH ADVANCED DEVICES.

1. Which of these is used for indicating that data is being written or read from the data bus?[ ]

(a) DT/R (b) ALE (c) HOLD (d) MN/MX

2. Which of these signals are bidirectional? [ ](a) HOLD,HLDA ( b ) S1,S2 ( c ) RQ,GT ( d ) S0,S1

3. Which of these IC‘s is a 3 to 8 decoder used for decoding memory addresses

[ ](a) 74LS245/8286 ( b ) 8284A ( c ) 74LS138 ( d ) 74LS373

4. When a processor requests for DMA these sequence of signals is [ ](a)HOLD, DREQ, DACK, HLDA (b) DREQ, HOLD, DACK, HLDA(c)DREQ, HOLD, HLDA, DACK (d) HOLD, HLDA, DREQ, DACK

5. One of these is not the segment offset form of the absolute address 00417 [ ](a) 0040:0017 (b)0000:041 7 (c)0041:0007 (d ) 0417:0000

6. Which of these uses the stack for its operation? [ ]( a) Macro (b)Library functi0n (c)Sub Routine ( d) Procedure



7. Which of these cases uses on y registers [ ](a)CALL TABLE[BX] ( b ) CALL F ( c ) CALL BX ( d ) CALL

8. Which combination of the flags indicate that the destination is greater than the source [ ]

( a) CY = 1, Z = 1 ( b ) CY = 0, Z = 1 ( c ) CY=0,Z=0 ( d ) CY = 1, Z =O

9. The LOD SW opcode uses which of the following register combinations [ ] ( a) DS:SP ( b ) D S : DX ( c ) E S : DX ( d ) E S : SS

10. Which of these is an acknowledgement for DMA request? [ ]( a)INTRA ( b ) HLDA ( c ) M / O ( d ) D E N

11. The 8086 takes over the bus when it receives one of these signals [ ]( a) GT 1,GT 0 ( b ) RQ 0 ( c) RQ 0 , RQ 1( d ) GT O

12. This signal is used to store data at memory [ ]( a) WR ( b ) DT/ R ( c ) ALE ( d ) READY

13. In a 8086 system which uses one bank of 16 KX8 memory connected respectively to D0D7 The following address lines would be connected to them [ ]( a) A 1 to A 14 ( b ) A 1 to A 15 ( c ) A0 to A13 ( d ) A 0 to A 14

14. Which of these signals indicates that an interrupt Request is being acknowledge[ ]

(a) INTRA (b)HLDA (c)MOV (d)DEN

15. The register whose contents are copied during auto initialization is holds the 16 bit address being used for DMA is [ ] (a)Command Register (b)Current word count register( c ) Base Word Count registers (d)Current Address Register

16. Direction fag is used with which of these following instructions ’? [ ](a) String (b)Data transfer (c)Logical instructions (d)Transfer control

17. Which of these instructions uses both ES & DS segment registers [ ]( a) STOP S B ( b ) MOV SB ( c ) LAOD S B ( d ) S C A S B

18. Which of these is a Prefix [ ]( a) REP ( b ) ESC ( c ) RET ( d ) LOOP



19. Which of these is used for identifying when the address is output? [ ]( a) H OLD ( b )ALE ( c ) MNM X ( d ) D T/ R

20. Which of these signals combination indicates a Lower 8 bit data transfer? [ ](a)A0=0&BHE=0 (b)A0=1&BHE=0 (c ) A0=0 & BHE= (d)A0=1&BHE=1

Answers1 a 2 d 3 c 4 b 5 c 6 d 8 c 9 c 10 b 11 a 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 c 16 a 17 d 18 a 19 b 20 a

UNIT-V: COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

1. Data line which can be transfer in only one direction is referred as []( a) Half Duplex ( b ) Complex ( c ) Full Duplex( d ) Simplex

2. The L2 and L1 bits in the Mode word are used for setting which of these parameters?[]( a) NUMBER OF STOP BITS ( b ) CHARACTER LENGTH( c ) BAUD RATE FACTOR ( d ) PARITY

3. In the Synchronous mode the 8251 which signal indicates that the specified Synchronous character is received ?

[ ]( a) Tx C ( b ) SYNDET/BD ( c ) CLK ( d ) C/D

4. If the CPU has not read a character from the 8251 before the arrival of the next character. Which of the following errors is supposed to have occurred?

[ ]( a) Even Parity error ( b ) Framing Error ( c ) Over Run Error ( d ) Odd

Parity Error

5. USB stands for which one of the following? [ ]( a) Universal Sequential Bus ( b ) Universal Serial Bus( c ) College Bus ( d ) Universal Sequential Bus

6. Which one of these serial data transmission standards is single ended and does not use low impedance drivers? [

]( a) RS449 ( b ) RS232C ( c ) RS423A ( d ) RS422A

7. The USART used as Serial Communication controller is []( a) 8259 ( b ) 8257 ( c ) 8250 ( d ) 8251

8. In the Synchronous mode the 8251 which signal indicates that the specified Synchronous character is

[ ]( a) CLK ( b ) C/D ( c ) TxC ( d ) SYNDET/BD



9. USB connector has how many pins? [ ]( a) 3 ( b ) 2 ( c ) 5 ( d ) 4

10. When the MODEM is ready to Transmit Data it Asserts which one of these signals is asserted?

[ ]( a) DSR ( b ) CD ( c ) RTS ( d ) CTS

11. Serial data is received by the DTE from the DCE through which one of these signals?[ ]

( a) RTS ( b ) CD ( c ) CTS ( d ) RxD

12. If B1=0 and B0=0 in the mode register of the 8251.The USART is working in which of these modes? [

]( a) Synchronous mode ( b ) Asynchronous mode with

BRF=16( c ) Asynchronous mode with BRF=64 ( d ) Asynchronous mode with

BRF=1

13. The serial data transmission standards which uses differential Rx & Tx signals is which one of the

following? []( a) RS232C ( b ) RS449 ( c ) RS423A ( d ) RS422A

14. The data signals used by USB are of which type of the following?[ ]( a) Uni-Phase ( b ) Quad Phase ( c ) Bi-Phase ( d ) Tri-phase

15. 8251 is ___ bits [ ]

(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11

16. The device from which data terminates or originates is called []

(a) DSR (b) DTR (c) DTE (d) DCE

17. USART stands for ____ []

(a) Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

(b) Universal Sync Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

(c) Universal Synchronous Async Receiver Transmitter

(d) Universal Sync Async Receiver Transmitter

18. Which one of the following starts the timer? []

( a) IE1( b ) TF( c ) TR( d ) IT1



19. 8251 is used to interface with 8086 for ____ communication []

(a) Serial (b) parallel (c) both a and b (d) none

20. 8251 is ____ make [ ]

(a) Motorola (b) intel (c) Tomcat (d) Zilog

Answers1 a 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b 6 b 7 d 8 d 9 d 10 a 11 d 12 b 13 a 14 c 15 a 16 c 17 a18 c 19 a 20 b

UNIT-VI: INTRODUCTION TO MICRO CONTROLLERS

1. Which one of the following is the 8051 architecture based upon? []( a) Princeton Architecture ( b ) Param Architecture( c ) Harvard Architecture ( d ) Von Neumann Architecture

2. General purpose registers R0 to R7 can be referred as sets of four banks (0to3) and also by memory location. If a register R3 in Bank2 is referred, what is its internal ram location address?

( a) 14H ( b ) 10H ( c ) 12H ( d ) 13H []

3. Timer0 is functional as an 8 bit counter while timer 1 is stopped in which of the following modes?

[ ]( a) Mode2 ( b ) Mode1 ( c ) Mode3 ( d ) Mode0

4. Which of the following is the correct order of priority in decreasing order from left to right?

[ ]( a) EX0,EX1,ET0,ET1,ES, ( b ) ES,EX1,ET0,E01,ET1( c ) ET0,EX0,ET1,EX1,ES ( d ) EX0,ET0,EX1,ET1,ES

5. One of these signals indicates that address is available on Port0? []( a) EA ( b ) RESET ( c ) ALE ( d ) PSEN

6. The 8051 micro controller does not have one of the following as its built in peripheral?

[ ]( a) Timers ( b ) Counters ( c ) UART ( d ) DMA controller

7. Which of these registers cannot be decremented? [ ]( a) SP ( b ) B register ( c ) Accumulator A ( d ) DPTR

8. One of these registers is loaded with the upper byte of the terminal count? []( a) THx ( b ) TMOD ( c ) TLx ( d ) TCON



9. The bit which disables reception of serial data is which one of the following? []( a) RB8 ( b ) TB8 ( c ) RI ( d ) REN

10. The instruction which activates the PSEN signal is which one of the following? []( a) MOVC ( b ) MOV @ ( c ) MOV ( d ) MOV X

11. Which of these is Double Hand Shake []( a) STB followed by ACK ( b ) STB followed by ACK and removal of ACK( c ) STB only ( d ) ACK followed by STB

12. The 8051 micro controller is? []( a) 8 bits ( b ) 32 bits ( c ) 16 bits ( d ) 24 bits

13. Which of these registers cannot be decremented? []( a) SP ( b ) Accumulator A ( c ) DPTR ( d ) B register

14. Which one of the following starts the timer? []( a) IE1 ( b ) TF ( c ) TR ( d ) IT1

15. The instruction used to access internal RAM is which one of the following? []( a) MOV @ ( b ) MOV ( c ) MOV X ( d ) MOVC

16. The 8051 micro controller built in timer is of how many bits? []( a) 16 ( b ) 8 ( c ) 32 ( d ) 24

17. Which of these register of 8051 is 16 bit? [ ]( a) DPTR ( b ) PSW ( c ) SP( d ) A

18. One of these registers is loaded with the upper byte of the terminal count? []( a) TLx ( b ) TCON ( c ) THx ( d ) TMOD

19. Which of the following is the correct order of priority in decreasing order from left to right?

[ ]( a) ET0,EX0,ET1,EX1,ES ( b ) EX0,EX1,ET0,ET1,ES,( c ) EX0,ET0,EX1,ET1,ES ( d ) ES,EX1,ET0,E01,ET1

20. Which of these signals is used for enabling the external ROM? []( a) ALE ( b ) RESET ( c ) EA ( d ) PSEN

Answers



1 c 2 d 3 c 4 d 5 c 6 d 7 a 8 a 9 d10 a 11 b 12 a 13 a 14 c 15 b 16 a 17 a 18 c 19 d 20 d


1. ____. [ ]

a) 000BH, a high to low transition on pin INT1 b) 001BH, a low to high transition on pin INT1 c) 0013H, a high to low transition on pin INT1 d) 0023H, a low to high transition on pin INT1

2. Serial port vector address is of _______. And causes an interrupt when ________. [ ]

a) 0013H, either TI or RI flag is set b) 0023H, either TI or RI flag is reset c) 0013H, either TI or RI flag is reset d) 0023H, either TI or RI flag is set

3. In serial communication modes, mode 1 the Baud rate = [ ]

a) BR=2SMOD/32 * (Timer 0 over flow rate)

b) BR=2SMOD/16 * (Timer 1 over flow rate)

c) BR=2SMOD/16 * (Timer 0 over flow rate)

d) BR=2SMOD/32 * (Timer 1 over flow rate)

4. In modes 2 and 3, if _____ bit of SCON bit is set will causes enable multiprocessor communication and is of ____ bit address. [ ]a) SM1, 9EH b) TB8 , 9CH c) SM2 , 9DH d) SM0, 9FH

5. Interfacing LCD with 89C51 _____ data lines are used along with the _____ signals. [ ]a) 6, RS, RW b) 5, RW, EN c) 8, RS, EN, RW d) 9, RS, EN, RW

6. Resolution of ADC is defined as [ ]

a) 1/ (2N – 1) b) 2N-1 c) 1/ (2N-1) d) 2N-1

7. In microcontroller and LCD interface which line will instruct the LCD that microcontroller is sending data? [ ]a) DB0 b) RW c) EN d) RS

8. Which bit of TMOD will exactly configure timer / counter as a timer or counter. [ ]i) TMOD.6 of C/T for timer 1 ii) TMOD.6 of C/T for timer 0 iii) TMOD.2 of C/T for timer 0 iv) TMOD.2 of C/T for timer 1 a) i, ii b) ii, iv c) i, iii d) iii, iv



9. Counter or timer operation is chosen in which of these registers? []

( a) TLx ( b ) TCON ( c ) THx ( d ) TMOD

10. The upper 8 bits of address bus are generated on which of these ports? []

( a) Port2 ( b ) Port3 ( c ) Port1 ( d ) Port0

11. The 8051 microcontroller wakes up at memory address ____ when it is powered up[]

(a) 0000H (b) 002CH (c) 002A H (d) 003C H

12. When the 8051 is powered up the SP register contains the value___ []

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7

13. ____ Produces OPCODE [ ]

(a) ORG 2000H (b) MOV A,#12 (c) ORG 2090 H (d) ORG 5000H

14. The Majority of registers in 8051 are ____ bits []

(a) 8 (b)16 (c) 20 (d) 24

15. In 8051 the Program counter is ___ bits wide []

(a) 8 (b)16 (c) 20 (d) 24

16. In 8051 the stack pointer is ___ bits wide [ ]

(a) 8 (b)16 (c) 20 (d) 24

17. The external address bus width of 8051 microcontroller is [ ]

(a) 8 (b)16 (c) 20 (d) 24

18.The external data bus width of 8051 microcontroller is [ ]

(a) 8 (b)16 (c) 20 (d) 24



19.The port in microcontroller is generally is of ___ bits [ ]

(a) 8 (b)16 (c) 20 (d) 24

20.External signal is connected to ___ pin of 8051 microcontroller [ ]

(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15


Key: 1 c 2 d 3 d 4 c 5 c 6 c 7 c 8 c 9 d 10 a 11 a 12 d 13 b 14 a 15 b 16 a 17 b 18 a 19 a 20 d

ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Assignment Questions

ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

UNIT I: 8086 Architecture 1. (a) Explain various interrupts of 8085 Microprocessor and their functionality?

(b) Explain the following

i. SID ii. SOD iii. S0, S1, S2 iv. INTA pins of 8085 Microprocessor.

2. Explain the functions of different registers in 8086. Also discuss the flag register contents.

3. (a) Explain the flag register of 8086.

(b) Explain the concept of memory segmentation.

(c) Explain, when Queue is failing to speed up the execution.

4. (a) Draw the internal architecture of 8085? Explain about each block in it.

(b) Explain the function of OPCODE prefetch FIFO Buffer in 8086?

5. (a) What are the contents of the data bus and the status of A0 and BHE when the following

instructions are executed in 8086?

i. CPU writes a byte 11 H at memory location 1000H : 0002 H.

ii. CPU writes a word 2211 H at memory location 1000H : 0003 H.

(b) Write the functions of the following pins of 8086.

i. MN/ MX ii. DEN iii. ALE iv. Ready.


1. (a) Write a program to move a block of memory with out over lapping.

(b) Discuss the following instructions.

i. ADC ii. AAS iii. IMUL iv. CBW.

2. (a) Write an assembly language program that will examine an ASCII string of 100 characters and

replace each decimal digit by a %. The character string starts at STRG.

(b) Explain the prefix instruction format of 8086 processor? Discuss how these instructions are

useful in string manipulation?

3. How procedure CALL and RET take place in 8086. Explain conditional and unconditional CALL

and RET instructions in 8086 instruction set.

4. (a) Explain in detail the coding template for ADD instruction of 8086.



(b) It is necessary to declare a program as a public procedure to be accessible by other programs?

Give the sequence of assembly language statements? An external program called “fact” is to used in

this program. Show the required statements?

5. Write a recursive routine to evaluate the following polynomial Y =

A0+A1X1+A2X2+A3X3+....+ANXN. The coefficients A0, A1, A2....AN are to be successive words

in memory and all parameter addresses are to be passed via the stack

6. Write an algorithm and assembly program to sort the numbers in an array in descending order using

bubble sort method.

7. (a) How does near RET instruction function ?

(b) Write a near procedure that cubes the contents of the CX register. This procedure may not affect

any register except CX.

8. (a) Explain the following instructions and their use?

i. LODSB ii. CMPSW iii. XLAT.

(b) Give the instruction format of IN and OUT instructions and explain?

9. (a) Write a program to sort an array in descending order.

(b) Give the instruction sequence that compares the first 20 bytes beginning at STRG 1with the first ten

bytes beginning at STRG 2 and branches to MATCH if they are equal, otherwise continues in

sequence?

Unit-III I/ O interface

1. Write the necessary instruction sequence to initialize 8255 with address 0200H to 0203H for the

following combinations:

(a) Port-A as input port in mode-1 and Port-B as input port in mode-1 with interrupt driven I/O.

(b) Port-A in mode-2 and Port-B as input port in mode-1 with interrupt driven I/O.

(c) Port-A as output port in mode-0 and Port-C upper half as input port in mode-0, and Port-B as

output port in mode-1 with interrupt driven I/O.

(d) Port-A as output port in mode-1 with active interrupt, Port-B as output port in mode-0 and Port-

C lower half as input port in mode-0.

2. (a) Interface the stepper motor with 8255 and write an ALP to rotate the stepper motor

continuously in clockwise direction.

(b) Write an assembly language program to rotate a 200 teeth, 4 phase stepper

motor as specified below: Ten rotations clockwise and eight rotations anti-

clockwise.

3. (a) Draw the interfacing scheme of 8255 and 8086 in memory mapped I/O mode.

(b) An 8255 is used with port-A input in mode-1, Port-B as output in mode-1 and



with Port-C used for handshaking for Port-A and Port-B. Assume the address of Port-A is 80H.

i. Determine the control word and write the instruction sequence to program the 8255 for this mode

of operation.

ii. Draw the scheme of connections required.

UNIT IV: Interfacing with advanced devices1. What is an interrupt? Explain, how the 8086 processor recognizes the interrupt? Draw the timing

diagram, assuming that INTR is active. Explain interrupt acknowledge cycle with its associated

timing diagram.

2. (a) With a neat sketch explain 8257 DMA controller and its operation?

(b) With the help of basic cell explain SRAM and DRAM?

3. (a) What is the interrupt vector table? Draw and explain the interrupt vector table for 8086.

(b) Describe the response of 8086 to the interrupt coming on INTR pin.

4. (a) List out the advantages of using 8259?

(b) Describe the conditions that cause the 8086 to perform each of the following types of interrupts:

Type-0, Type-1, Type-2 and Type-4.

5. Explain and Draw a block diagram to interface two 16K X 8 SRAM (62128) to the 16-bit

data bus of 8086 based system. Design the address decoder for the address range from 00000H -

07FFFFH for both the SRAMs.

6. (a) Discuss the sequence of operations performed in the interrupt acknowledge cycle.

(b) What is the difference between RET and IRET? Discuss the result, if RET instruction is placed at

the end of the interrupt service routine.

(c) What is the vector address of type-50H interrupt?

Unit V:Communication Interface 1. (a) Draw and explain the null modem interfacing.

(b) What is Memory mapped I/O? Draw the interfacing of 8251 with 8086 in memory mapped I/O

mode.

2. (a) What is a Status word of 8251A? Explain how 8086 processor will read the status word from

8251.

(b) Write the sequence of instructions required to initialize 8251 at address A0H and A1H for the

configuration given below:

i. Character length - 8 bits. ii. No parity iii. Stop bits - 1 ½ iv. Baud rate - 16X

v. DTR and RTS asserted vi. Error flag reset.

3. (a) Explain the line driver and the line receiver circuits of serial communication.

(b) What do you mean by I/O mapped I/O? Draw the interfacing of 8251 with

8086 in I/O mapped I/O mode.



4. Design the hardware interface circuit for interfacing 8251 with 8086. Set the 8251 in asynchronous

mode as a transmitter and receiver with even parity enabled, 2 stop bits, 8-bit character length,

frequency 160 KHz and baud rate 10K:

(a) Write an ALP to transmit 100 bytes of data string starting at location 2000:5000H.

(b) Write an ALP to receive 100 bytes of data string and store it at 3000:4000H.


1. (a) How does 8051 differentiate between the external and internal program memory?

(b) Explain the alternate functions of Port-0, Port-2 and Port-3.

2. (a) Discuss the advantages of microcontroller based system over microprocessor based systems.

(b) Describe the following registers of 8051:

i. A ii. B iii. SP iv. DPTR

3. (a) Explain various operation modes of Timer-1 and Timer-0.

(b) Describe the Timer control (TCON) and Timer mode control (TMOD) registers.

4. Give the complete block schematic of an 8051 based system having following specifications:

(a) 64 KB program memory (b) 64 KB data memory

(c) Make use of 16 K x 8-bit memory chips and 74LS138 decoders.

(d) Indicate clearly the address selected for the memory chips.


1. An array of random integers is placed from internal data memory location 31H onwards. The number

of terms of (N) of array is available in the memory location 30H. Develop a program to place the

entire array in reverse order in the same memory area

2. Write a program to convert an array of hexadecimal digits to their BCD equivalent. Assume all

entries of input array are less than 64H

3. In a 8051 based system INT1 is connected with a hardware circuit which generates a two level signal

a s an interrupt. The signal is active (remains low) for 10 micro seconds. The INT1 is to be used to

read port 2 and to store it in data memory location from 30H onwards. Whenever this port input

becomes 00H, INT1 should be disabled. Develop the initialization routine and also the ISR

4. Write a test program that will “loop test” the serial port. The output of the serial port (TXD) is

connected to the input (RXD), and the test program is run. Success is indicated by port 1 pin 1 going

high.


1. Explain the architecture of AVR RISC microcontroller

2. Explain the register organization of AVR RISC microcontroller

3. Explain the memory organization of AVR RISC microcontroller



4. Explain the interrupt structure of AVR RISC microcontroller

5. Explain the I/ O ports and timers of AVR RISC microcontrollers

6. With an example explain EEPROM interfacing with AVR RISC microcontroller



ASSIGNMEN

T

QUESTIONS



ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

UNIT I: 8086 Architecture

1. Explain the 8085 architecture 2. Explain the 8086 architecture 3. Describe 8086 register organisation 4. Explain segmentation 5. Explain pin diagram of 8086.6. Draw and explain minimum and maximum modes of 8086 7. Draw and explain timing diagrams of 8086 in minimum and maximum modes8. Explain the interrupts of 8086


1. Explain the instruction set of 8086

2. Explain the addressing modes of 80863. Explain the assembler directives of 80864. Define and differentiate procedure and macros5. Write simple programs involving branching, call, and arithmetic operations6. Write simple programs involving sting manipulations

UNIT III: I/ O interface

1. Explain the operation of 8255 PPI

2. Explain various modes of operation of 8255

3. Interface 8255 with 8086

4. Interface Keyboard with 8086 using 8255

5. Interface Display with 8086 using 8255

6. Interface stepper motor with 8086 using 8255

7. Interface ADC with 8086 using 8255

8. Interface DAC with 8086 using 8255

UNIT IV: Interfacing with advanced devices

1. Interface memory with 8086

2. Explain interrupt structure of 8086

3. Explain Interrupt Vector Table(IVT)



4. Explain DOS and BIOS Interrupts

5. Explain Interrupt Service Routines

6. Explain the operation of 8259 Interrupt controller

7. Explain the operation of 8257 DMA controller

Unit V:Communication Interface 1. Define Serial communication standards

2. Explain serial data transfer schemes

3. Explain USART architecture

4. Explain USART interfacing with 8086

5. Explain RS – 232

6. Ex[lain IEEE-488


1. Explain the architecture of 8051

2. Describe the pin diagram of 8051

3. Describe the I/ O Ports of 8051

4. Explain the memory organization of 8051

5. Explain the addressing modes of 8051

6. Explain the instruction set of 8051

7. Write and execute simple programs


1. Program the timers/ counters of 8051

2. Program the serial communication

3. Program external hardware interrupts

4. Program the serial communication interrupts




1. Explain the architecture of AVR microcontroller

2. Explain the register file of AVR microcontroller

3. Explain the I/ O ports of AVR microcontroller

4. Explain the memory map of AVR microcontroller

5. Explain the timers of AVR microcontroller

6. Explain the UART of AVR microcontroller

7. Explain the interrupt structure of AVR microcontroller


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