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    Established since 1979, we at Micron Precision Screws Ltd. believe that fulfilling

    customer requirements and responding to the needs of the ever-changing new business

    environment will help us to seize opportunities in the global automotive & industrial

    fastener market.

    Technological Innovations and Continuous Investments in Infrastructure have made

    Micron Precision Screws proficient in designing and developing any component required

    in the general and automobile industries, This has enabled Micron Precision Screws to

    make a mark as an international fasteners manufacturer.

    Micron Precision Screws manufactures a vast range of industrial fasteners both standard

    and specials with diameters ranging from M4 to M40 mm in inch as well as metric series

    in various grades: 4.6, 5.6, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9 & 14.9 conforming to various standard

    specifications for complete reliability in tensile strength and meticulous precision.

    Micron Precision Screws strives to be a company with a progressive approach by

    maintaining high international quality standards and delivering best services at every

    contract to ensure our customer's satisfaction and a healthy long-term relationship.

    Company profile

    Micron Precision Screws PLANT ONE was incorporated as a private limited company

    in the year 1979. It is registered as an engineering unit with Directorate of Industries

    Haryana, Chandigarh as industrial & automotive fasteners manufacturers and suppliers of

    high tensile industrial & automotive industrial fasteners. In its early days it was mainly

    manufacturing turned components as per customer specifications mainly for the

    automobile sector.

    In the year 1995, MPS Plant II was set up and it became a closely held limited company.

    In this new plant unerring indigenous and imported manufacturing capacities in hot and

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    cold forging technologies were installed.

    Micron Precision Screws started exporting high quality automotive fasteners in the year

    2000 and soon became a one of the leading automotive & industrial fasteners

    manufacturing company in Asia with an annual sales turnover of more than US $ 13

    million employing over 300 efficient workers.

    Our automotive fasteners and other specialised products have made a landmark in its

    quality by maintaining high quality standards and delivering optimum services to every

    customer without compromising on quality of our automotive fasteners and other

    products.

    This has enabled us to capture a good chunk of the fasteners market both at the domestic

    as well as the international levels.

    Our vision is...

    To be a global automotive & industrial fasteners manufacturer and service provider

    with international quality standard.

    To provide high quality value added fastening solutions and services that will keep our

    client ahead of competition and in forefront of technology.

    Socket Products

    Hexagon Socket

    Set

    M 3X4 to M

    16X60

    Screw with Flat

    Point3/16" to 1" dia

    1/4" to 4" lgth

    ISO 4026

    DIN 913

    BS 2470

    Hexagon Socket SetM 3X4 to M

    16X60

    Screw with Cone

    Point3/16" to 1" dia

    1/4" to 4" lgth

    ISO 4027

    DIN 914

    BS 2470

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    ANSI B18.3

    STEEL 33H/45H

    ANSI B18.3

    STEEL 33H/45H

    Hexagon Socket

    Set

    M 3X4 to M

    16X60Screw with Cup

    Point3/16" to 1" dia

    1/4" to 4" lgth

    ISO 4029

    DIN 916

    BS 2470

    ANSI B18.3

    STEEL 33H/45H

    Hexagon Socket

    Thin

    M 4X6 to M

    12X80Head Cap Screws 0.25" to 1" dia

    0.25" to 14" lgth

    DIN 7984/6912

    STEEL 8.8/10.9

    Hexagon Socket6.5X6 to

    25X200Head Shoulder 0.25" to 1" diaScrew 0.25" to 14" lgth

    ISO 7379

    DIN 9841

    BS 4168

    ANSI B18.3

    STEEL 12.9

    Hexagon SocketM 3X6 to M

    16X80Button-Head

    Screw

    0.25" to 0.625"

    dia0.25" to 14" lgth

    ISO 7380

    DIN 9427

    BS 2470/4168ANSI B18.3

    STEEL 8.8/10.9/12.9

    Hexagon Head

    Bolts

    M 5X20 to M

    42X3003/16 " to 1"1/4" to 14" lgth

    IS 1364

    ISO 4014/4017

    DIN 931/933BS 1083/1768

    JIS B1180

    ANSI 18, 2, 1

    STEEL 8.8/10.9/12.9

    Hexagon HeadM 5X6 to M

    42X200Screws 3/16" to 1"

    1/4" to 14" lgth

    IS 1364

    ISO 4017/4014

    DIN 933/960BS 1083/1768

    JIS B1180

    ANSI 18,2,1

    STEEL 8.8/10.9/12.9

    Hexagon HeadM 5X40 to M

    40X150

    Hexagon Nuts M 6 to M 241/4" to 1"

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    Screws

    ISO 8676

    DIN 961

    STEEL 8.8/10.9/12.9

    IS 1364

    ISO 4032

    DIN 934

    BS 1083/1768

    JIS B1181ANSI 18, 2, 2

    STEEL 6/8/10

    Hexagon Nut

    WithM 8 to M 24

    A Height of 1.5 d

    DIN 6330

    High Strength M12 to M30Hexagon Head

    Bolts30 to 350 lgth

    DIN 6914

    STEEL 8.8/10.9

    Parallel Pins

    dia 3X10 to

    25X200

    ISO 2338

    DIN 7

    BS 1804

    ANSI18, 8,

    2

    STEEL 5.8

    Dowel Pins

    (Parallel)

    dia. 3X10 to

    25X150

    ISO 8734

    DIN 6325m6

    STEEL58~62

    HRC

    Taper Pins With dia d=6X12 to

    Internal Threads 20X200

    ISO 8736

    DIN 7978h10

    STEEL 5.8

    Parallel Pins

    Withdia. 6X12 to

    Internal Threads 25X200

    ISO 8733/8735

    DIN 7979m6

    STEEL

    5.8/

    58~62

    HRC

    Knurled nuts with

    Collar M3 to M10

    DIN 466-

    1956,

    466-

    1986

    Knurled nuts M3 to M10

    DIN 467

    STEEL 5.8

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    STEEL 5.8

    Square Head Bolt M 5x8 toWith half Dog

    PointM 24x200

    DIN 479

    STEEL 8.8/10.9

    Square Head bolt withM 5x16 toCollar & oval half

    Dog PointM 24x150

    DIN 480

    STEEL 8.8/10.9

    Hexagon set Screw M 6x10 toWith small Hexagon M 36x250& Coned half Dog

    Point

    DIN 564

    STEEL22H/33H/

    8.8/10.9

    Hexagon fit bolts

    withM 8x30 to

    long threaded Dog

    PointM 30x300

    DIN 609

    STEEL8.8/10.9/

    12.9

    Knurled thin M 4x6 toThumb Screws M 10x50

    DIN 653

    STEEL 5.8

    Slotted pan Head M 3x4 toScrews with large

    HeadM 10x25

    DIN 921

    STEEL 5.8

    Stud M6 to M2420 to 200

    lgth

    DIN 835/938

    STEEL 8.8/10.9

    Square Head 1/4" to 1" diaset Screw 1/4" to 4" lgth

    ANSI B18.62

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    Special Products

    We manufacture special fasteners that are tailor-made to meet customer specifications.

    Our extensive special products range consists of high tensile bolts, screws, nuts, studs and

    so on ranging from 4mm to 40mm.

    We make special fasteners and automobile components as per customer blue-prints or

    samples such as:

    Wheel/Hub Bolts, Wheel Studs/Nuts, Two-Piece Wheel Nuts, Track Shoe Bolts/ Nuts,

    Flange Bolts, Axle Bolts, Connecting Rod Bolts/Nuts, Durlock Bolts, Main Bearing Cap

    Bolts, Cylinder Head Stud/Bolts/Screws, Tappat Screw, Counter Weight Bolts, Fly

    Wheel Bolts, Banjo Bolts, Center Bolts, Spare Wheel Carrier Mounting Bolts/ Nuts,

    Double End Studs and so on.

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    We are Capable of providing customizable solutions to requirements by making sure that

    all the technicalities are met by adhering to engineering standards. We at MPS understand

    that technological innovations, use of imported machines and measuring instruments

    along with systematic application of manufacturing processes are a few requisites for the

    fast and precise development of special products.

    For further information on our extensive Products Range such as dowel pins, socket head

    screws, please contact Micron Precision Screws.

    Manufacturing

    Being one of the premium fastener manufacturers, Micron Precision Screws has the

    capacity to produce 3000 MT of precision engineered fasteners and offer 5000 different

    kinds of fasteners ranging from 4mm to 40mm diameter and length up to 400 mm in

    various grades (4.6, 5.6, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9, and 14.9).

    Our fastener manufacturing plants are well-equipped with the latest cold and hot forging

    technologies to manufacture standard as well as special high tensile fasteners. The

    machineries used are Multi-Station Boltmakers, Single Die Double Blow Headers &

    Metal Gathering Machines for different lengths and diameters along with Flat RollingMachines and Circular Thread Rolling Machines for different diameters. The other

    machines include Centreless Grinding Machines, Capstans and Bolt Trimmers. We also

    have the facility of a Turning Center to manufacture any type of Turned Component.

    Since we are one of the best international fastener manufacturers we have a state-of-the-

    art Plating Plant that enables surface treatment such as oxidizing, zinc phosphating,

    electrogalvanising with white, yellow, black and green passivations along with removal

    of hydrogen embrittlement.

    We have the facility of a well-maintained In-House Heat Treatment Plant. For the heat

    treatment process of fasteners we use the Shaker Hearth Furnaces, Automatic Tempering

    Furnaces and Blackening Furnace.

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    In order to stay a step ahead of other fastener manufacturers, we have equipped ourselves

    with a well-equipped Tool Room where we design and develop tools required to produce

    Dies. It boasts of Lathe Machine, Surface Grinder, Cylindrical Grinder, Milling Machine

    and Drill Machine.

    We also have the capability to produce any Special Fastener as per customer samples or

    blue-prints, and this is what really sets us apart from other mass fastener manufacturers.

    So if you are looking for good quality fasteners or need fasteners that have been

    customised to meet your requirements, come to Micron Precision Screws - one of the

    most outstanding fastener manufacturers.

    Quality

    We strive to provide quality products by adhering to National and International Quality

    Standards e.g. DIN, BS, IS, ANSI and so on. We ensure effective implementation of ISO

    9001: 2002 in the fastener manufacturing plants. Presently we are working towards

    ISO/TS 16949: 1994, ISO-14001 and OHSAS 18001.

    We work towards fulfilling requirements of Six-Sigma to ensure efficient business

    processes by integrating systems from various disciplines into a more powerful system of

    management with customer satisfaction as the primary aim. Our quality policy also

    includes cost control ensuring optimum pricing for companys products along with

    effective training programmes and motivation to our employees.

    Our management system plans, implements and continuously monitors overall plant

    efficiency. Our products undergo various physical, mechanical and metallurgical tests

    before despatch. To assure our high standards of quality we use various equipments for

    testing such as Magna Flux Machine, Hardness Tester M/C, Torque Tester, Metallurgical

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    Micros, Profile Projector, Salt Spray Equipment, Coating Thickness Equipment and

    Universal Testing Machine. The processes required for maintenance of good quality

    involve use of Measuring Instruments such as Micrometers, Vernier Calippers, Pitch

    Micrometers, Dial Bore Gauge, Height Gauges, Ring Gauges, Slip Gauges, Radius

    Gauges and Thread Profile Gauge.

    So if you are looking for top quality fastener products such as dowel pins, socket head

    screws, automotive fasteners or other customised fasteners, contact Micron Precision

    Screws.

    Awards & achievements

    Our CMD, Mr. Romesh Vig was awarded the Rashtriya Ekta Award in 1999 by the

    Global Economic Council for outstanding individual achievements & distinguished

    services to the nation. This was presented by His Excellency Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma

    Former President of India in New Delhi.

    The International Business Council presented the Bharat Vikas Award to our CMD, Mr.

    Romesh Vig for scoring a string of outstanding achievements in chosen field of activity

    Mr. Romesh Vig CMD, MPS received the Achiever of the Millennium Award 1999 in

    the Millennium Hall of Achievers fame conducted by the All India Achievers

    Conference.

    In 2003, Tecumseh Products India Ltd. Presented us an award in recognition of our

    support as their Best Supplier.

    Mr. Romesh Vig, CMD MPS and Mr. Karan Vig, Marketing Director MPS were invited

    by AOTS Alumni Society, Delhi for participation in the Convention for Best Practices

    held at the Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi in 2004

    In April 2005, Standard Group of Companies felicitated the company with a gold medal

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    and appreciation certificate for the efforts put in to maintain Quality Standards and for

    Best Quality Product delivered.

    Our Esteemed Clients-Domestic

    ESCORTS GROUP LML LTD. CARRIER AIRCON

    NEW HOLLAND TRACTOR HERO MOTORS GROUP HINDUSTAN MOTORS LTD.

    BHARAT EARTH MOVERS HMT LTD. SKF BEARINGS

    TECUMSHA INDIA LTD. BAJAJ TEMPO GREAVES LTD

    KINETIC ENGG. LTD. HERO HONDA MOTORS LTD.

    DELPHI

    AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS

    INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LTD CROMPTON GREAVES LTD. YAMAHA MOTORS

    HAVELLS INDIA LTD. GREAVES LTD. STANDARD COMBINES PVT LTD

    Our Esteemed Clients-Overseas

    BLHOFF GMBH KELLER AND KALMBACH

    Bossard Switzerland

    Bossard USA

    Bossard Denmark SUNFAST INTL NATIONAL ENGG FASTENERS

    F. REYHER FREKO. ADOLF WURTH

    TERWA B.V NATIONAL SOCKET SCREWS CLECO FASTENERS

    ACHILL

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    TECHNIFAST OWLETT JATON

    Milling machine

    A milling machine is a machine tool used to machinesolidmaterials. Milling machines

    are often classed in two basic forms, horizontal and vertical, which refers to the

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    orientation of the main spindle. Both types range in size from small, bench-mounted

    devices to room-sized machines. Unlike a drill press, which holds the workpiece

    stationary as the drill moves axially to penetrate the material, milling machines also move

    the workpiece radially against the rotating milling cutter, which cuts on its sides as well

    as its tip. Workpiece and cutter movement are precisely controlled to less than 0.001 in

    (0.025 mm), usually by means of precision ground slides and leadscrews or analogous

    technology. Milling machines may be manually operated, mechanically automated, or

    digitally automated via computer numerical control (CNC).

    Milling machines can perform a vast number of operations, from simple (e.g., slot and

    keyway cutting, planing, drilling) to complex (e.g., contouring, diesinking). Cutting fluid

    is often pumped to the cutting site to cool and lubricate the cut and to wash away theresulting swarf.

    Vertical mill

    In the vertical mill the spindle axis is vertically oriented. Milling cutters are held in the

    spindle and rotate on its axis. The spindle can generally be extended (or the table can be

    raised/lowered, giving the same effect), allowing plunge cuts and drilling. There are two

    subcategories of vertical mills: the bed mill and the turret mill.

    A turret mill has a stationary spindle and the table is moved both perpendicular

    and parallel to the spindle axis to accomplish cutting. The most common example

    of this type is the Bridgeport, described below. Turret mills often have a quill

    which allows the milling cutter to be raised and lowered in a manner similar to a

    drill press. This type of machine provides two methods of cutting in the vertical

    (Z) direction: by raising or lowering the quill, and by moving the knee.

    In the bed mill, however, the table moves only perpendicular to the spindle's axis,

    while the spindle itself moves parallel to its own axis.

    Turret mills are generally considered by some to be more versatile of the two designs.

    However, turret mills are only practical as long as the machine remains relatively small.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_(tool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill#Drill_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill#Drill_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadscrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadscrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_numerical_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_(tool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill#Drill_presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadscrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_numerical_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_cutter
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    As machine size increases, moving the knee up and down requires considerable effort and

    it also becomes difficult to reach the quill feed handle (if equipped). Therefore, larger

    milling machines are usually of the bed type.

    Also of note is a lighter machine, called a mill-drill. It is quite popular with hobbyists,

    due to its small size and lower price. A mill-drill is similar to a small drill press but

    equipped with an X-Y table. These are frequently of lower quality than other types of

    machines.

    Horizontal mill

    A horizontal mill has the same sort ofxy table, but the cutters are mounted on a

    horizontal arbor (see Arbor milling) across the table. Many horizontal mills also

    feature a built-in rotary table that allows milling at various angles; this feature is

    called a universal table. While endmills and the other types of tools available to a

    vertical mill may be used in a horizontal mill, their real advantage lies in arbor-

    mounted cutters, called side and face mills, which have a cross section rather like a

    circular saw, but are generally wider and smaller in diameter. Because the cutters

    have good support from the arbor and have a larger cross-sectional area than an end

    mill, quite heavy cuts can be taken enabling rapid material removal rates. These areused to mill grooves and slots. Plain mills are used to shape flat surfaces. Several

    cutters may be ganged together on the arbor to mill a complex shape of slots and

    planes. Special cutters can also cut grooves, bevels, radii, or indeed any section

    desired. These specialty cutters tend to be expensive. Simplex mills have one

    spindle, and duplex mills have two. It is also easier to cut gears on a horizontal mill.

    Some horizontal milling machines are equipped with a power-take-off provision on

    the table. This allows the table feed to be synchronized to a rotary fixture, enabling

    the milling of spiral features such ashypoid gears.

    Lathe

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    A lathe ( /le/) is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform

    various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, ordeformation with tools

    that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about anaxis of

    rotation.

    Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking,metal spinning, and glassworking. Lathes

    can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel. Most

    suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of

    revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce

    three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The material can be held in place by

    either one or two centers, at least one of which can be moved horizontally to

    accommodate varying material lengths. Other workholding methods include clamping the

    work about the axis of rotation using a chuck or collet, or to a faceplate, using clamps or

    dogs.

    Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, cue

    sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments (especially woodwind

    instruments), crankshafts and camshafts.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuttinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knurlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodturninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalworkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalworkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter's_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlestickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture#Tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_(vessel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_bathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_bathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Keyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Englishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_toolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuttinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knurlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_symmetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodturninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalworkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter's_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_of_revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlestickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cue_stickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture#Tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_(vessel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_bathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft
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    Parts

    Parts of a wood lathe

    A lathe may or may not have a stand (or legs), which sits on the floor and elevates the

    lathe bed to a working height. Some lathes are small and sit on a workbench or table,

    and do not have a stand.

    Almost all lathes have a bed, which is (almost always) a horizontal beam (although CNC

    lathes commonly have an inclined or vertical beam for a bed to ensure that swarf, or

    chips, falls free of the bed). Woodturning lathes specialised for turning large bowls often

    have no bed or tailstock, merely a free-standing headstock and a cantilevered toolrest.

    At one end of the bed (almost always the left, as the operator faces the lathe) is a

    headstock. The headstock contains high-precision spinning bearings. Rotating within the

    bearings is a horizontal axle, with an axis parallel to the bed, called the spindle. Spindles

    are often hollow, and have exterior threads and/or an interior Morse taper on the

    "inboard" (i.e., facing to the right / towards the bed) by which workholding accessories

    may be mounted to the spindle. Spindles may also have exterior threads and/or an interior

    taper at their "outboard" (i.e., facing away from the bed) end, and/or may have a

    handwheel or other accessory mechanism on their outboard end. Spindles are powered,

    and impart motion to the workpiece.

    The spindle is driven, either by foot power from a treadle and flywheel or by a belt or

    gear drive to a power source. In most modern lathes this power source is an integral

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    electric motor, often either in the headstock, to the left of the headstock, or beneath the

    headstock, concealed in the stand.

    In addition to the spindle and its bearings, the headstock often contains parts to convert

    the motor speed into various spindle speeds. Various types of speed-changing

    mechanism achieve this, from a cone pulley or step pulley, to a cone pulley with back

    gear (which is essentially a low range, similar in net effect to the two-speed rear of a

    truck), to an entire gear train similar to that of a manual-shift auto transmission. Some

    motors have electronic rheostat-type speed controls, which obviates cone pulleys or

    gears.

    The counterpoint to the headstock is the tailstock, sometimes referred to as the loose

    head, as it can be positioned at any convenient point on the bed, by undoing a locking

    nut, sliding it to the required area, and then relocking it. The tailstock contains a barrel

    which does not rotate, but can slide in and out parallel to the axis of the bed, and directly

    in line with the headstock spindle. The barrel is hollow, and usually contains a taper to

    facilitate the gripping of various type of tooling. Its most common uses are to hold a

    hardened steel centre, which is used to support long thin shafts while turning, or to hold

    drill bits for drilling axial holes in the work piece. Many other uses are possible.

    Metalworking lathes have a carriage (comprising a saddle and apron) topped with a

    cross-slide, which is a flat piece that sits crosswise on the bed, and can be cranked at

    right angles to the bed. Sitting atop the cross slide is usually another slide called a

    compound rest, which provides 2 additional axes of motion, rotary and linear. Atop that

    sits a toolpost, which holds a cutting tool which removes material from the workpiece.

    There may or may not be a leadscrew, which moves the cross-slide along the bed.

    Woodturning and metal spinning lathes do not have cross-slides, but rather have banjos,which are flat pieces that sit crosswise on the bed. The position of a banjo can be adjusted

    by hand; no gearing is involved. Ascending vertically from thebanjo is a toolpost, at the

    top of which is a horizontal toolrest. In woodturning, hand tools are braced against the

    tool rest and levered into the workpiece. In metal spinning, the further pin ascends

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeds_and_feeds#Spindle_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadscrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo_(wood_lathe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo_(wood_lathe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeds_and_feeds#Spindle_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadscrewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo_(wood_lathe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo_(wood_lathe)
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    vertically from the tool rest, and serves as a fulcrum against which tools may be levered

    into the workpiece.

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