Mr Beaumont

Skills

Mr Beaumont

Objectives

By the end of this unit you should:

Recognise a skill and define it

Be able to tell the difference between skill and ability

Understand motor and perceptual skills and how they underpin all skills

Recognise different types of cognitive, perceptual and psycho-motor skills

Classify skills of a range of continua

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What is a Skill

In pairs write down on the whiteboard what you believe are the different characteristics of skill

(what makes a skill?)

LearnedEconomic / EfficientAesthetically pleasingConsistentReceiving and evaluating information then making correct decisions

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What is a skill

Now in your pairs on the whiteboards write a definition of what skill is?

"The learned ability to bring about predetermined results with maximum

certainty, often with the minimum outlay of time or energy or both as a result of

evaluating information and decision making."

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Difference Between Skill and Ability

What is the difference?

Ability = Innate / NaturalSkills = Learned

Watch these two performance and answer these two questions

Who has more skill?

Who has more ability?

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Ability•Ability is something you are born with, it is innate and stable.

•Abilities are enduring (long-lasting) and unchanging except through maturation (growing up)

•Abilities underpin the performance of skills

Draw a spider diagram with examples of what you think abilities are on it

Balance Speed

AgilityCoordination

Reaction Time

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Types of Ability

There are two types of ability they are:

Motor Ability:

•The ability to move limbs or a series of limbs successfully•Motor abilities are innate•Will determine coordination, balance etc..

Perceptual ability

•The ability to detect, identify, organise and use different types of stimuli from our senses

•Some examples are speed of perception, selective attention, divided attention, analysis of movement (opponents)

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Types of Skill

• Cognitive – skills that involve thought process and intellectual ability. What to do, which action to use and when!• Perceptual – Skills that involve selecting, interpreting and making sense of information from our senses.• Psych-motor – Physical movements decided upon and controlled by the brain. Mixture of motor and perceptual.

"The learned ability to bring about predetermined results with maximum certainty, often with the

minimum outlay of time or energy or both as a result of evaluating information and decision making."

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Types of Skill

FOR YOUR CHOSEN SPORT/ACTIVITY IDENTIFY WHEN EACH TYPE OF SKILL WOULD BE USED DURING

A PERSONAL PERFORMANCE

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Task

Tennis player waiting to return you’re your serve:

Watch position of opponent, their foot position, body position, arm action etc (Perceptual) Prior knowledge about the player and their strengths and weaknesses (Cognitive) Move to play the return (Psycho-motor) Decide which shot you should play (Cognitive) Get in correct position and execute shot (Psycho-motor)

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Classifying Skill

Skill are classified in to different group as performing them will vary depending on the situation

The groups are:

Open Closed continuum - effected by the environment

Self Paced Externally paced continuum - control over rate / timing

Gross Fine continuum - Level or precision of fine control

Discrete Serial Continuous continuum - clear beginning and end of movement

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Open /Closed Skills

Open skills

Closed skills

Unpredictable environment

Predictable environment

Decisions to be made

No decisions - same skill

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Open or Closed?

open

openopen

closed

closed

closed

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Self/externally paced skills

Self-paced skills

Externally-paced skills

Performer decides when

to start

Start determined by outside agency

Performer decides speed of movements

Speed of movement

decided by others

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Self or externally-paced?

externally

externally

selfexternally

self self

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Discrete/serial/continuous skills

Distinct beginning and end

Repetitive - no beginning and

end

Discrete skills

Continuous skills

Serial skills

Series of discrete skills

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Discrete, serial or continuous

serialserial

discretediscrete

discrete

continuous

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Gross/Fine skills

Gross skills

Fine skills

Uses large muscle groups

Uses small muscle groups

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Gross or Fine?

fine

fine

gross gross

gross gross