mr. hartwell -- f-m meteorology
DESCRIPTION
Mr. Hartwell -- F-M Meteorology. Weather vs. Climate. Weather. The state or condition of the atmosphere on a day-to-day basis. Weather. Meteorology – study of the atmosphere and its motions; prediction of weather From Greek root meteoron , “ high in the sky ”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Mr. Hartwell -- F-M Meteorology
Weather vs. Weather vs. ClimateClimate
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Weather•The state or condition of the atmosphere on a day-to-day basis.
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Weather• MeteorologyMeteorology – study of the
atmosphere and its motions; prediction of weather
• From Greek root meteoron, “high in the sky”
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U.S. & World Geography• Understanding weather is important
• How can you report the weather if you don’t know where it’s happening?
• Learn the locations of:– 50 U.S. States– 7 Major continents & mountain ranges– All major oceans & seas
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Climate
•The condition of the atmosphere over many years.
•Cyclic—patterns
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Climate• ClimatologyClimatology –study of meteorological trends; projection
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NCODA: Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation
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Continents affect climate• Temperature gradient between
tropics & poles drives Earth’s climate• Atmosphere & oceans try to equalize
temperatures• Antarctica—modulates atmospheric
processes
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Scales of Weather1.1. SynopticSynoptic2.2. MesoscaleMesoscale3.3. MicroscaleMicroscale4.4. Storm-scale cumulus systemsStorm-scale cumulus systems
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Synoptic Weather
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Mesoscale Weather
Right: Northeast RADAR 9/9/07
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Microscale Weather
Weather events too small for a weather map, for example
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Storm-Scale Cumulus Systems
Specific storm-related weather
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Map Plotting• Latitude: a place on Earth north or
south of the Equator
• Longitude: a place east or west of the Prime Meridian
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‘+’ = North and/or East‘—’= South and/or West
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Mr. Hartwell -- F-M Meteorology
Hydrologic CycleCarbon Dioxide Cycle
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Atmosphere & Cycles• Weather involves water in the
atmosphere (hydrologic cycle).
• Climate also involves trace atmospheric gases (carbon-dioxide cycle)
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Trace Gases• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Water vapor (H20)
• Ozone (O3)
• Methane (CH4)• CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
• Modify energy balance in atmosphere
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Sinks vs. Sources• Cycles involve storage and release of
gases in the atmosphere.
• Source—supplies / releases gases to atmos.
• Sinks—remove / store gas from atmos.
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Carbon Cycle
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Hyrdologic Cycle
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Hydrologic Cycle• Water plays a major role in climate &
weather.
• A change in one component causes change in weather.
• EX: Less cloud cover more sun hitting ground warms ground & atmos.
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Mr. Hartwell -- F-M Meteorology
Time ZonesUTC/GMT/ZMilitary TimeInt. Date Line
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Time Zones• Earth has _____ time zones.
• 24—One for each of the 24 hours it takes for Earth to rotate on its axis.
• TZ—used to coordinate global weather observations.
• Coordinating times is CONFUSING!
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UTC• UTC = Coordinated Universal Time
(Universel Temps Coordonne)
• UTC = GMT (Greenwich Meridian Time; Greenwich, England)
• Z = Zulu (UTC without the last 2 zeros)
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Military Time• UTC observations recorded in military
time.• 24 hour clock• Examples:
12 midnight = 000012:30 am = 00301:00am12:59pm is “normal”1:00pm = 1:00 + 1200 = 13004:30pm = __________ = _______
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US Time zones• Eastern (New York, Florida)=
-5 GMT standard time-6 GMT Daylight Savings Time
EST = Eastern Standard TimeEDT = Eastern Daylight Time
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Daylight Savings Time• Advanced time so afternoons
are longer• Widespread use in 1916 to
conserve wartime coal use
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Daylight Savings Time• Advanced time so afternoons
are longer• Widespread use in 1916 to
conserve wartime coal use• Complicates weather
observation
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US Time zones• Eastern (New York, Florida)= 0 (-5 GMT)• Central (Illinois, Louisiana)= -1 hour from
Eastern time• Western (Utah, New Mexico)= -2• Pacific (Oregon, California)= -3• Alaska= -4• Hawaii= -6 hours from Eastern time
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International Date Line• 180o longitude• Halfway around world from Greenwich,
England• 24 hour difference on one side vs. other• East = backward 1 day• West = forward 1 day
• EX: Australia is on tomorrow’s date
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Time Zones 2
Try this in your logbook:• If there are 24 time zones on
Earth, how many degrees make up each time zone? Think about it quietly, then we will share with the class.
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Time Zones 3
• T. Zones are roughly parallel to lines of longitude.
• They are adjusted to local areas. WHY?
• So 1 major city or other population center does not have 2 different times.
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Mr. Hartwell -- F-M Meteorology
Meteorological OrganizationsTypes of Meteorologists
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Public Organizations (Government)
• NOAA—National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration
• NWS—National Weather Service• NCDC—National Climatic Data Center
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NOAA
• Conducts ocean & atmosphere research
• Environmental outreach• Regulates use of resources (ie:
fisheries)
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NWS
• Collects / collates weather observations• Uses computer models• Issues alerts
– Severe weather– Flooding– Tsunamis
• Weather safety
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Private Organizations• AMS—American Meteorological Society• WMO—World Meteorological Society• NASCAS—National Association of
Storm Chasers And Spotters
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AMS
• Development & dissemination of education & information
• Atmospheric, oceanic, hydrologic sciences
• For enthusiasts & academics
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WMO
• Agency of the United Nations• Authoritative voice on state & behavior
of the Earth’s…– Atmosphere– Interaction with ocean– Climate
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NASCAS
• World’s first professional storm chasing organization
• Provide accurate safety & educational information
• Safety & responsibility• FREE MEMBERSHIP!www.chasingstorms.com
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Types of Meteorologists
1) TV meteorologists2) Weather forecasters3) Consulting meteorologists4) Climatologists
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TV Meteorologists
• Presents the weather information and forecasts to many people by television
• B.S. or M.S. in meteorology • Member of the American Meteorological
Society. • Courses in meteorology involve
mathematics and physics. • Produce interesting graphics.
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Weather Forecasters
• Analyze data and produce forecasts for TV Meteorologists, the National Weather Service, or other customers.
• Takes data from local weather sites, balloon launched instruments, RADAR/ satellites
• Ph.D. in meteorology or atmospheric science
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Consulting Meteorologist
• Testify in court• Paid to provide advice on weather • B.S. or M.S. in meteorology, and may find
a Ph.D. helpful
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Climatologist
• Collect weather records and produce summaries of the records
• i.e.: next season's rainfall or temperature• Most states have a State Climatologist • Members of college or university faculties
and do research