mr husdin che mat - dosh malaysia
TRANSCRIPT
Industrial Hygiene & Ergonomics DivisionDEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTHMALAYSIA
1998 2001 2003 2008 2010
To revise and improve on the
requirements in the existing COP and
to add new requirements so that they
are relevant with the current needs
and practice by the industry
1998
Guideline for Safe Working
in a Confined
Space
2001
Code of Practice for
Safe Working in a
Confined Space
2003
Code of Practice for
Safe Working in a
Confined Space
gazetted
[P.U. (B) 224]
2008
Review on Code of
Practice for Safe
Working in a Confined
Space
2010
Industry Code of
Practice for Safe
Working in a Confined
Space
[P.U.(B) 324]
Does not apply to:
• Underground mining
• Other places not atatmospheric pressure
What is a confined space?
• Enclosed or partially enclosed spacethat is at atmosphere pressure duringoccupancy
• Not intended or designed primarilyas a place of work
• Could have restricted means for entryand exit
INDUSTRY CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SAFE WORKING IN A
Confined space is liable at any time to:
• Have an atmosphere which containspotentially harmful levels ofcontaminants
• Have an oxygen deficiency or excess
• Cause engulfment
General requirements
• To post danger sign
• To develop and implement a writtenconfined space program
• To take effective measures to preventunauthorized persons from enteringthe confined space
FOR SAFE WORKING IN A CONFINED SPACE 2010
ICOP 2010
Confined Space Entry Programme
• Formulate a confined space entry programme
• At least have 15 elements
Requirements
• Permit System ,Permit to work, Isolation requirements, Requirement to ensure safety of Atmosphere, Entry into hazardous atmosphere, Rescue and Emergency services, Health requirement , Additional precautions and record Health requirement , Additional precautions and record keeping
Duties of Responsible Persons
• Employer as owner of industry
• Employer as contractor
• Permit issuer
• Entry supervisor
• AGT – Autorised Gas Taster
• SP - Stand- by Person
• AE – Autorised Entrant
Risk assessment
Risk control
Standby Person
Monitoring of multiple confined spaces
Permit system
Sign posting
Employee training
Equipment
Means of communication
External hazard protection
Identification of duties
Information to the contractor
Coordination of entry operations
Conclusion of entry
Hazard Hazard identificationidentification
O2 deficiency
Excessive O2
Presence of
contaminants
Slips, trips and falls
Explosion or fire
identificationidentification
(1)(1)
Noise
TemperatureRadiation
Manual Handling
Shall be carried out prior to work involving entry into confined space
Shall be carried out by assessor if there is any chemicals hazardous to health used in the confined spaceconfined space
To be revised whenever there is evidence to indicate the assessment is no longer valid / every 5 years / when directed by DG, DDG or Director of DOSH
Appendix A – example of risk assessment
Appendix B – sample of risk assessment form
Nature of
confined space
FactorsHazards
identified
Actual method selected and plan
proposed
Emergency and rescue procedure
Risk assessment
Proposed operations and work
procedures
Steps needed to bring c/space to
number of AE/SP
duration
status of fitness and training Steps needed to bring c/space to
atmospheric pressure
Cleaning and purging
Hot work method
Soundness and security of overall
structure, and the need for illumination
and visibility
Need for additional protective
measures
Method of ventilation
Evaluation of gases / substances
training
adequacy of instructions
availability and adequacy of PPE
rescue equipment
RISK CONTROL
Specifying acceptable
entry conditions
Isolating
Verifying
(Gas CONTROL
(3)
Isolating
Purging, inerting,
flushing or ventilating
(Gas testing)
At least one SP outside the confined space
For monitoring of multiple confined spaces by a single SP, programme shall include means and procedures to enable SP to respond to an emergency affecting one or
Written system for preparation, issuance, implementation and cancellation of PTW
enable SP to respond to an emergency affecting one or more of the confined spaces monitored without distraction from the SP’s responsibilities
Warning signages shall be posted at conspicuous places when work is carried out after the issuance of PTW
All employees who are involved in confined space operation shall undergo training on confined space safety course approved by DG and passed the examination
Means of communication (10)
Walkie talkie
Hand signal
Light
Physical barriers shall be provided to control potential hazards posed by pedestrians and vehicles
Cord signal
Employer shall designate and identify the duties of employees to be AE/SP/ES/AGT/PI or other related personnel in entry operation
These personnel shall carry out their duties as in specified
Employer shall provide and brief contractors with information about the confined space hazards, safety rules and emergency procedures
Procedures shall be developed and implemented when employees are working at the same time as AEs in a confined space, so that employees of 1 contractor do not endanger that employees of 1 contractor do not endanger the employees of any other contractor
Procedures for concluding the entry shall be developed and implemented
Debriefing shall be conducted after the closing of PTW
Programme shall be reviewed when employer has reasons to believe that measures taken under it may not protect measures taken under it may not protect employees and that there is a need to revise the programme to correct deficiencies found to exist before subsequent entries are authorised
Shall contain the following information:
Confined space to be entered
Purpose of entry
Date and the authorised duration of the permit
AEs within the confined space, by name / by such othermeans as will enable the SP to determine quickly andmeans as will enable the SP to determine quickly andaccurately, for the duration of the PTW, which AEs are insidethe confined space
Permit issuer who signs the PTW
ES
Hazards of the confined space to be entered
Measures used to isolate the confined space
The acceptable entry conditions --> refer USECHH Reg, 2000
Shall contain the following information:
Results of initial and periodic tests performed andaccompanied by the names of AGTs and by an indication ofwhat tests were performed
Communication procedures used by AE and SP
Equipment, such as PPE, testing equipment, communicationequipment, emergency alarm system and rescue equipmentequipment, emergency alarm system and rescue equipmentto be provided
Any information which is necessary to be included
SP and rescue arrangements
Any additional permit, such as for hot work that has beenissued to authorise work in the confined space
Appendix C – additional info on hot work
Appendix D – example of PTW
Prevent accidental introduction of hazardousmaterial / substances into the confined space
De-energise and lock out or de-energise and tagout all machinery that has moving parts
Isolate any other external energy sourcesIsolate any other external energy sources
Requirements to ensure
Initial cleaning
PurgingVentilation
to ensure safety of
atmosphere
Testing and
evaluation
Retest and/or
monitoring
Shall only be allowed under the following conditions…
Atmosphere inside the confined space could not be brought to safe working conditions despite all reasonable effort made to purge, clean and ventilate the space
Nature of work procedure within the confined space is likely to degrade or contaminate the atmosphere in the confined space
Introduction of air into the confined space would pose additional risk to health and safety aspect of AE and the activities carried out therein / would detrimentally affect the product, equipment or other substances contained in the confined space
AE entering shall use SCBA, compressed airline breathing apparatus or special life supporting system, depending on the nature of works and hazards involved
Continuous gas monitoring for LEL shall be carried out Continuous gas monitoring for LEL shall be carried out during entry
Proper type of explosimeter that can give true indication of the flammable gas level shall be used
Hot work shall not be undertaken if explosimeter reading > 1% LEL
Confined space shall not be entered if explosimeter reading > 10% LEL (If entry is still necessary, appropriate positive pressure air-supplied breathing apparatus shall be used and entry shall be made under inert atmosphere as in slide # 26)
Additional requirements for rescue plan:
AE shall wear a safety harness with lifeline attached to facilitate rescue operation in an emergency situation
Appropriate number of air-supplied breathing apparatus shall be put on standby outside the confined space for use shall be put on standby outside the confined space for use by the rescuer
Min. rescuer = 2
AE shall carry with him an escape set / additional supply of breathing air cylinder for use in case of emergency
In certain circumstances, such as work inside spheres / tall columns, it may be necessary to use a safety harness in conjunction with a special winch / pulley / additional manpower
Shall be set up before entry starts
Where compressed airline breathing apparatus is used, the airline coupling shall operate on breathing air system using dedicated coupling with double locking mechanism.
Coupling shall not be compatible with N2, O2 or other gas systems
Conditions of compressed airline system such as the hoses and fitting, air purifying element (filter), pressure relief valve, fitting, air purifying element (filter), pressure relief valve, pressure regulator, pressure gauge and the compressed air cylinder or compressor shall be monitored at all times by trained personnel to ensure continuous air supply whenever the airline system is in use during entry
Number of AE permitted to enter a confined space shall be limited according to the available space, the number of escape routes and the rescue facilities
Purpose for introduction of inert atmosphere inside confined space:
Prevention of flammable and explosive conditions through elimination of fuel, air or O2 and energy in the form of heat, spark or flame
Prevention of chemical reaction or oxidation of substances Prevention of chemical reaction or oxidation of substances contained in the confined space
Prevention of other hazardous conditions through elimination of corrosive, toxic, infectious / harmful gases
Selection and application of inert gas requires careful matching of processes and products so as not to introduce other hazards resulting from chemical reactions
Special safety considerations:When working near open manhole where inert gas / other asphyxiant gas is used or contained in confined space, area shall be barricaded and warning signage shall be conspicuously posted, and appropriate respiratory protection must be used
When working with inert atmosphere containing toxic substances, concentration shall also be measured at locations in close proximity of open manholes outside the confined spaceclose proximity of open manholes outside the confined space
If inert gas is constantly introduced and vented, a system shall be established to effectively maintain atmospheric pressure, and to monitor and reduce potential pressure built-up
Inert atmosphere is IDLH hence, SP and two other who are dedicated emergency response personnel who is trained in rescue techniques shall be present and equipped with equivalent / superior protective equipment
Independent back up supply of inert gas must be provided to allow the confined space to be evacuated and made safe in the event of a loss of primary supply
Employer has to establish a rescue and first aidprocedure and provide rescue equipment
Rescue procedures should consider:
The shape and size of confined spaceThe shape and size of confined space
The nature of task to be performed
Obstacles within confined space
Size and position of the means of ingress andegress
Number of persons in the confined space
The number of standby persons required
Employer shall ensure that each member of the rescue service….
is provided with, and is trained to use properly, the PPE and rescue equipment necessary. The emergency and rescue services team shall attend the course on rescue and emergency services conducted and certified by BOMBAconducted and certified by BOMBA
shall be trained to perform the assigned rescue duties. Each member shall also receive the training required of AE
shall practice confined space rescues at least once every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations in which they remove dummies / actual persons from the actual / representative confined spaces
shall be trained in basic first aid and CPR. At least one member is holding current certification in first aid and CPR
shall be certified physically and mentally fit to enter confined space
To facilitate non entry rescue, retrieval systems / methods shall be used whenever an AE enters a confined space, unless the retrieval equipment would increase the overall risk of entry / would not contribute to the rescue of entrantto the rescue of entrant
Retrieval system shall meet the following requirements:
Each AE shall use a chest / full body harness, with a retrieval line attached
The other end of retrieval line shall be attached to a mechanical device / fixed point outside the confined space. A mechanical device shall be available to retrieve personnel from vertical type of confined spaces > 1.5 metres deep
Employees should be certified physically and mentally fit, without healthproblems such as:
History of fits, blackouts or fainting attacks
Heart disease or heart disorder
Asthma, bronchitis or shortness of breath
Deafness
Meniere’s Disease or disease involving giddiness and loss of balanceMeniere’s Disease or disease involving giddiness and loss of balance
Claustrophobia or other mental disorder
Neurological and MSD such as back pain or joint trouble that limitsmobility
Condition that limit movement such as gross obesity, pregnancy andphysical handicap
Metabolic diseases
Serious defect in eyesight
Any other disease or condition that may affect or endanger the person’ssafety and health
• Health fitness certificate valid for 2 years
• Health surveillance record to be kept for 30 years
• Appendix G – example of
Health Surveillance / Examination by OHD • Appendix G – example of
health examination checklist
• Appendix H – example of health fitness certificate
by OHD
• Appendix I – example of health status declaration
Authorised entrant shall declare (in writing) that he is fit to enter
confined space – prior to each entry
• Employees who are involved in confined spaceoperation to undergo training on confined spacesafety course approved by DG and passed theexamination
Training
• Every 2 yearsRetraining • Every 2 years
• Module approved by DGRetraining
• Name of employees attended the training
• Result of examination
• Signatures / initials of trainers
• Date of training
Training record
Use of portable electrical equipment
Connected to an earth-free extra low voltage supply
Fitted with a flexible supply cable of heavy duty type
Explosion proof and intrinsically safe
Suitability and safety of non electrical equipmentSuitability and safety of non electrical equipment
Eliminate sources of ignition
Use of pneumatic tools are preferred
Maintenance of equipment used for entry
Equipments to be inspected prior to use
Maintained and thoroughly examined by a qualified personat least once a month
Report on such examination to be kept
Employer shall retain each cancelled entrypermit for at least 1 year, or until the next PTW(whichever is longer) to facilitate the review ofconfined space program
To maintain all other relevant documents suchTo maintain all other relevant documents suchas but not limited to reports of inspection, riskassessment, training record, medical record,rescue plan, confined space entry program andchecklist for the purpose of inspection by theDG
To inform employees / contractor…
Confined space entry is allowed only throughcompliance with the confined space entry programmestipulated under ICOP
Previously identified hazards and his experience withthe confined space
Precautionary measures or procedures implemented
Coordinate entry operation with contractors
Conduct debriefing at the end of entry
Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry outtheir duties
Obtain all available information regardingconfined space hazards and entry informationfrom the owner of industry
Cooperate with owner of industry
Brief the owner of industry of any hazardsBrief the owner of industry of any hazardsconfronted or created (through debriefing)
If the contractor possess the site --> to complyduties of the owner of industry
Ensure all persons involved in entry operationcarry out their duties
Identify all hazards and recommends control measures to ensure safe entry
Ensure there is no incompatible activity in the vicinity of confined space
Authorize the PTWAuthorize the PTW
Endorse the cancellation and closure of PTW
Test and interpret the reading from gas detector
Supervise all the activities before, during andafter entry operation
Terminate the entry and cancel the permit
Verify that rescue services are available beforeany entry
To communicate with SP regularly
To alert the SP whenever any warning sign orsymptom of exposure to a dangerous situationis recognised
To evacuate from confined space as quickly asTo evacuate from confined space as quickly aspossible if required
Continuously maintain an accurate count of AE inconfined space
Remain within his assigned work area outside theconfined space during entry operation
Communicate with AE and/or fire watch regularly toCommunicate with AE and/or fire watch regularly tomonitor entrants, and to alert the need to evacuate
To summon rescue and emergency services as soon ashe determines that AE may need assistance to escapefrom the confined space
To perform non entry rescue as specified by the rescueprocedure
No Date Industry State No. of
fatalities
1 18 April 2006 Manufacturing Melaka 2
2 29 May2006 Utilities (Sewerage) Pulau Pinang 3
3 8 March 2007 Utilities (Sewerage) Selangor 3
4 7 May 2007 Manufacturing Johor 34 7 May 2007 Manufacturing Johor 3
5 20 Nov 2007 Utilities (Sewerage) Johor 1
6 10 March 2008 Shipping Johor 1
7 2 Feb 2009 Manufacturing Selangor 1
8 23 April 2009 Utilities (Sewerage) Selangor 1
9 11 Aug 2009 Fishing Selangor 6
10 26 Sept 2009 Manufacturing (Palm oil) Sabah 3
11 16 Feb 2010 Utilities (Sewerage) Kuala Lumpur 2
12 21 March 2010 Construction Sabah 6
No Safe Work Procedure developed for work in confined spaces
Employer fail to identify gases that exist in confined spaceconfined space
Workers’ health surveillance are not carried out
To ensure all confined space workers…
obtain the necessary trainings prior to confined space entry
undergo health surveillance / examinationundergo health surveillance / examination
high turnover – cost and time spent are wasted
To ensure all confined space works are completed according to schedule
Lack of proper coordination for confined space works
Insufficient trained personnels
Safety measures abandoned