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Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School

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Page 1: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

Mr. LeachScienceBurrillville High School

Page 2: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed is a component of the Lower Blackstone River Watershed, the Blackstone Subbasin, the Massachusetts-Rhode Island Coastal Basin, the Massachusetts-Rhode Island Coastal Subregion, and the New England Region. This predominately rural subwatershed drains approximately 29022 acres, and is home to an estimated 11939 people. Approximately 558 acres are used for agriculture, 22917 acres represent forested areas, and 3150 acres constitute residential areas.

Page 3: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed
Page 4: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed
Page 5: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

Secchi Depth TransparencyClarity indicatorEutrophication

How to UseDrop disk until it can’t be seenMeasure depthRaise disk until visibleMeasure depthAverage the two measurements

Usually for lakes and pondsDone from a boat

Page 6: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

Chlorophyll-aWater pressed through a filter collects sampleDisks are frozen and sent to a lab for analysisIndicator of nutrient enrichment & eutrophication

Page 7: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

Amount of Oxygen in Water Indicator of *eutrophication and overall health of aquatic habitat

*eutrophication: A process by which an excess of plant nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorous) reduces the oxygen dissolved within a body of water, producing an environment that does not readily support aquatic life.

Page 8: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

COLLECT water sampleCollect and cap UNDERWATER so there is NO AIR in the sample bottle

FIX the sample of water8 drops manganese sulfate8 drops potassium iodide Cap and mix wellAllow precipitate to settle8 drops sulfuric acidMix until completely dissolved

Page 9: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

TITRATION20 ml of sample into titration bottleExtract Sodium Thiosulfate into titration plungerDispense titrating solution into sample until it becomes PALE YELLOWISH in color8 drops of starch indicator (iodine) into sampleContinue to carefully titrate sodium thiosulfate into sample DROP BY DROP until it becomes perfectly clear (swirl sample inbetween drops)Use white paper to make sure it is clear

Page 10: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

Record your resultsRead ml of sodium thiosulfate usedEach division on plunger equals 0.2 mlTotal number ml used equals D.O. in ppmppm = parts per millionug/ml = ppm

Analysis5-12 ppm sufficient for most species< 5 ppm stressful for most aquatic species< 2 ppm fatal to many aquatic species

Page 11: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

From the atmosphere (21% Oxygen)Amount in water dependent on contact between the air and water (aeration)Fast moving streams over rocks = more OxygenStill ponds = less OxygenPhotosynthesis of aquatic plants produce Oxygen

Page 12: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

Fresh water can hold more than salt waterCold water can hold more than warm waterElevation: the greater the atmospheric pressure (sea level), the more dissolved oxygen

At higher altitudes there is less dissolved oxygen

Page 13: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

High water temperatures stress aquatic ecosystems by reducing the ability of water to hold essential dissolved gasses like oxygen.

In a warmwater stream temperatures should not exceed 890 F (320 C)Cold water streams should not exceed 680 F (200 C)Often summer heat can cause fish kills in ponds because high temperatures reduce available oxygen in the water

Page 14: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

used to monitor the acidification status of water bodies

Acid rain lowers the pH to about 5.5 to 6.0The water should not be less than 7.0 for most ponds (and not much higher)Low pH is toxic to fishan elevated pH increases

the toxicity of ammonia

Page 15: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

(total and dissolved phosphorus, ammonia, total and nitrate-nitrogenThese measurements are used to assess the degree of nutrient enrichment, or eutrophicationMust be sent to a lab for analysis

Page 16: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

fecal coliform and enterococciLaboratory analysis requiredCan be affected by storm runoff!Point and non-point sources of pollution

Faulty septic systems Sewer overflow

These analyses screen for suitability for recreational water uses including shellfishing, and may indicate sewage contamination

Page 17: Mr. Leach Science Burrillville High School. Water... · Mr. Leach. Science. Burrillville High School. The Clear River subwatershed, is located in northwestern Rhode Island. This subwatershed

URI Watershed Watch , University of Rhode Island, College of Environmental SciencesRI D.E.M.LaMotte LaboratoriesDenise Poyer,

Watersheds for Educators, URI