Mr. Mitchell’s 6Mr. Mitchell’s 6thth Grade Grade Science Science

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1A

Describes the nonliving part of the environment, including water, rocks, light, and temperature

Abiotic

1B

Describes the living factors in the environment

Biotic

1C

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Commensalism

2AAn organism, usually a bacteria or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances

Decomposer

2B

A relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association

Mutualism

2CThe process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, this ensures that the cycle will continue of those favorable traits in generations to come

Natural Selection

3A

The function of an organism in a community of plants and animals

Niche

3B

A relationship between organisms in which one lives and feeds off of another

Parasitism

3C

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food

Photosynthesis

4A

An animal or other organism that feeds on dead organic matter

Scavenger

4B

A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other

Symbiosis

4C

A characteristic that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Adaptation

5A

An organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals

Consumer

5BThe pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms

Food Chain

5C

A diagram that shows the feeding relationship s between organisms in an ecosystem

Food Web

6A

An organism, as a plant, that is able to produce its own food

Producer

6BA small, rocky object that orbits the sun, usually in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Asteroid

6CA small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust that follows an elliptical orbit around the sun and that gives off gas and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the sun

Comet

7A

Pertaining to the moon

Lunar

7B

A bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in the Earth’s Atmosphere

Meteor

7C

A meteoroid that reaches the Earth’s surface without burning up completely

Meteorite

8A

A relatively small, rocky body that travels through space

Meteoroid

8BA tide that occurs when the difference between high and low tide is least; the lowest level of high tide. ________ comes twice a month, in the first and third quarters of the moon.

Neap Tide

8C

The path that a something follows as it travels around something else in space

Orbit

9A

A natural or artificial object that revolves around a planet

Satellite

9B

The large rise and fall of the tide at or soon after the new or the full moon, or twice a month

Spring Tide

9C

An event in which the shadow of one object falls on another

Eclipse

10A

The motion of an object that travels around another object in space; one complete trip along an orbit

Revolution

10B

The spin of an object on its axis

Rotation

10CAn object in space consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity in which energy is generated by nuclear reactions

Star

11AA star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light.

Sun

11BThe movement, formation, or re-formation of continents described by the theory of plate tectonics

Continental Drift

11C

The central part of the Earth below the mantle

Core

12A

The break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another

Fault

12B

The solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

Lithosphere

12CThe molten rock material under the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed by cooling

Magma

13A

The layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core

Mantle

13B

The process in which material is laid down or dropped off

Deposition

13C

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

Erosion

14A

Dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals

Humus

14BProduced under conditions involving intense heat, as rocks of volcanic origin or rocks crystallized from molten magma

Igneous

14CRocks that have re-crystallized in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical environment

Metamorphic

15A

A rock formed by consolidated sediment deposited in layers

Sedimentary

15B

The transfer of light energy to particles of matter

Absorption

15CThe maximum distance that the particles of a waves medium vibrate from their rest position

Amplitude

16AA spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear that resembles a snail shell and contains nerve endings essential for hearing

Cochlea

16B

Curved like the inner surface of a sphere

Concave

16CThe flow of thermal energy through a substance from a higher-to a lower-temperature region

Conduction

17A

A shortening, shrinkage, or reduction in length or size

Contraction

17B

The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas

Convection

17CHaving a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere

Convex

18A

The process of using reflected sound waves to find objects, used by animals such as bats and dolphins

Echolocation

18B

An increase in extent, size, volume, or scope

Expansion

18C

The number of waves produced in a given amount of time.

Frequency

19A

A device that produces a very narrow, highly concentrated beam of light

Laser

19BA ground or molded piece of glass, plastic, or other transparent material with opposite surfaces either or both of which are curved, by means of which light rays are refracted so that they converge or diverge to form an image

Lenses

19C

The apparently black circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to the retina

Pupil

20A

The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves

Radiation

20BThe bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that does not go through

Reflection

20C

The bending of a wave as the wave passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs

Refraction

21AA delicate, multilayered, light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain

Retina

21B

An interaction of light with matter that causes light to change its energy, direction of motion, or both

Scattering

21CA system using transmitted and reflected underwater sound waves to detect and locate submerged objects or measure the distance to the floor of a body of water

Sonar

22A

The passing of light or other forms of energy through matter

Transmission

22B

The measure of the size of an object or region in three-dimensional space

Volume

22C

The number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time

Biodiversity

23A

The part of Earth where life exists

Biosphere

23B

The largest population that an environment can support at any given time

Carrying Capacity

23C

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Cellular Respiration

24A

Green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

24B

The burning of a substance

Combustion

24C

All of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other

Community

25AThe chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock

Composition

25B

The preservation and wise use of natural resources

Conservation

25C

The boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates

Convergent Boundary

26A

A funnel shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano

Crater

26B

The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle

Crust

26C

Any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation

Data

27A

The time required for Earth to rotate once on its axis

Day

27B

The most common unit used to measure loudness

Decibel

27C

The breakdown of substances into simpler molecular substances

Decomposition

28A

The ratio of mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

Density

28B

The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other

Divergent Boundary

28C

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

Doppler Effect

29A

A reflected sound wave

Echo

29BThe study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment

Ecology

29C

A community of organisms and their abiotic environment

Ecosystem

30AA substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Element

30B

The capacity to do work

Energy

30CA triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem’s food chain

Energy Pyramid

31AThe point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point, or focus

Epicenter

31B

A condition in which the lens of the eye focuses on distant objects behind rather than on the retina

Farsightedness

31C

The point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs

Focus

32A

The remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes

Fossil

32B

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

Friction

32C

A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

Galaxy

33AA hypothesis that is based on the idea that major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time

Gap Hypothesis

33B

A planet that has a deep, massive atmosphere such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune

Gas Giant

33C

A period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation

Generation Time

34A

A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

Hardness

34BAn explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations that can be tested

Hypothesis

34C

The combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave

Interference

35A

The energy of an object due to the objects motion

Kinetic Energy

35B

The sudden movement of rock and soil down a slope

Landslide

35CA summary of many experimental results and observations; tells how things work

Law

36AThe law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

Law of Conservation of Energy

36B

The distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers

Light-year

36CAn environmental factor that prevents an organism or population from reaching its full potential of distribution or activityLimiting Factor

37A

The way in which a mineral reflects light

Luster

37B

Basic unit of measure in science with the symbol, m

Meter

37C

A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical structure

Mineral

38AA pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

Model

38B

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

What does N.A.S.A stand for?

38CA condition in which the lens of the eye focuses distant objects in front of rather than on the retina

Nearsightedness

39AA large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born or where stars explode at the end of their lives

Nebula

39B

The process of obtaining information by using the senses

Observation

39C

Organism that eats both plants and animals

Omnivore

40A

Describes and object that is not transparent or translucent

Opaque

40BA natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough of the material to be mined profitably

Ore

40C

The presence of too many individuals in an area for the available resources

Overpopulation

41A

A substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color

Pigment

41B

How high or how low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave

Pitch

41CThe theory that explains how large pieces of the Earth’s outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape

Plate Tectonics

42A

A group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area

Population

42B

Potential Energy

The energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object

42C

An organism that eats all or part of another organism

Predator

43A

An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism

Prey

43B

The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves

Radiation

43CA series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes

Rock Cycle

44A

A series of steps followed to solve problems

Scientific Method

44BA wave of energy that travels through the Earth and away from an earthquake in all directions

Seismic Wave

44C

A tracing of the earthquake motion that is created by as seismograph

Seismogram

45AAn instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake

Seismograph

45B

The study of earthquakes

Seismology

45C

The point at which the sun is as far north or as far south of the equator

Solstice

46AA longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a material medium

Sound Wave

46BA group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

Species

46C

One of the many openings in a leaf or stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural stomata)

Stoma

47A

The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers

Stratification

47B

The color of the powder of a material

Streak

47C

The sinking of regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations

Subsidence

48A

The replacement of one type of community by another at a single location over a period of time

Succession

48BA dark area of the photosphere of the sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas and that has a strong magnetic field

Sunspot

48C

A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle

Tectonic Plate

49AThe measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

Temperature

49B

Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object

Tension

49C

One of the most highly dense planets nearest to the sun; Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth

Terrestrial Planet

50A

The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of a rock’s grains

Texture

50B

An explanation that ties together many hypotheses and observations

Theory

50C

The transfer of energy as heat through a material

Thermal Conduction

51A

A material through which energy can be transferred as heat

Thermal Conductor

51B

The kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms

Thermal Energy

51C

The point at which two objects that are touching reach the same temperature

Thermal Equilibrium

52A

An increase of the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance

Thermal Expansion

52B

A material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat

Thermal Insulator

52C

The pushing or pulling forces exerted by the engine of an aircraft or rocket

Thrust

53A

The difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide

Tidal Range

53BThe periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies of water

Tide

53C

Genetically determined characteristic

Trait

54A

The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally

Transform Boundary

54B

Describes matter that transmits light but that does not transmit and image

Translucent

54C

The passing of light or other form of energy through matter

Transmission

55A

Describes matter that allows light to pass through with little interference

Transparent

55BThe process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata, also release of water vapor by other organisms

Transpiration

55C

The rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations

Uplift

56A

An opening at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes

Vent

56B

A vent or fissure in the Earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled

Volcano

56CA periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium

Wave

57A

The distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave

Wavelength

57B

The speed at which a wave travels through a medium

Wave Speed

57CThe process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processes

Weathering

58AAn original, full-scale, and usually working model of something that exists already, or something that has not yet been createdPrototype

58B

The tools and techniques for carrying out plans

Technology

58C

A changeable aspect of a situation that can be manipulated or measured

Variable

59A

The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence

Inference

59B

To expose to a chance of loss or damage

Risk

59C

To be an advantage to

Benefit

60A

The path that a something follows as it travels around something else in spaceOrbit

60BThe solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

Lithosphere

60CThe study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environmentEcology

61AThe law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

Law of Conservation of Energy

61BA resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed

Nonrenewable Resource

61CThe process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do

Natural Selection

62A

A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical structure

Mineral

62B

The basic unit of length in the metric system

Meter

62C

The number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time

Biodiversity

63A

The largest population that an environment can support at any given time

Carrying Capacity

63BThe theory that the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise

Theory of Evolution

63CA pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

Model

64A

An explanation that ties together many hypotheses and observations

Theory

64BAn explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested

Hypothesis

64CAn inference that either the experiment supported the hypothesis and can be regarded as true, or the experiment disproved the hypothesis as false

Conclusion