Mr. WellsMr. WellsHickory Ridge HSHickory Ridge HS

Mr. WellsMr. WellsHickory Ridge HSHickory Ridge HS

Setting the StageSetting the StageSetting the StageSetting the Stage

Because of the Renaissance, Europe was

now ready to explore. Most countries

shared a desire to establish trade with

Asia. They were looking for an easy

way to get there.

Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration

Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration

1. Crusades Europeans battled Muslims in the Holy Lands

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.

4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue (wealth).

5. Technological advances.

6. Fame and fortune.

A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492

A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492

Earlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations1. Islam & the

Spice Trade discovered thru Crusades

2. A New Player Europe

3. Marco Polo: 24 years in China, writes book about what he experienced. A Description of the World

For “God, Glory, and For “God, Glory, and Gold”Gold”

For “God, Glory, and For “God, Glory, and Gold”Gold”

1. People in Europe continued to demand

nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper

Why? European food is bland

2. Muslims & Italians controlled trade

Why? Because of their location

on the Mediterranean

3. Rest of Europe paying high prices for

valuable spices

Result: Seek new route to Asia

Italian – Muslim TradeItalian – Muslim TradeItalian – Muslim TradeItalian – Muslim Trade

For “God, Glory, Gold”For “God, Glory, Gold”For “God, Glory, Gold”For “God, Glory, Gold”

4. Spread of Christianity

Why? Hostility be/ Christians & Muslims

5. Technology Makes Exploration possible

New inventions allow sailors to sail against the wind

caravel, astrolabe, compass

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps [Portulan]

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

Magnetic Compass

New Weapons TechnologyNew Weapons TechnologyNew Weapons TechnologyNew Weapons Technology

Cannon

Portugal Leads the WayPortugal Leads the WayPortugal Leads the WayPortugal Leads the Way

1. First European country to set up trading posts in west Africa

2. Prince Henry “The Navigator”

founded a navigation school

3. 1488: Bartolomeu Dias sails down African coast to southern tip

4. 1497: Vasco da Gama rounds tip of Africa sails to Calicut, India

(27,000 miles)

Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator

Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator

School for Navigation, 1419

Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigation

in Lisbon, Portugalin Lisbon, Portugal

Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigation

in Lisbon, Portugalin Lisbon, Portugal

Bartholomeu Dias

Vasco Da GamaVasco Da GamaVasco Da GamaVasco Da Gama

In 1498, Da Gama reached Calicut, China’s favorite port!

Spain Also Makes ClaimsSpain Also Makes ClaimsSpain Also Makes ClaimsSpain Also Makes Claims1. 1492: Christopher Columbus

convinces King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella to finance voyage

2. His plan sail west rather than east to reach Asia

3. Columbus reaches San Salvador in the Caribbean

thought he reached Asia

4. Rivalry begins be/ Spain & Portugal

Pope divides the World

Line of Demarcation:(West:Spain –

East: Portugal) Treaty of Tordesillas

Columbus Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]Columbus Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals1. Portugal broke Italy’s monopoly… BUT

2. Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.

3. Spain in Asia Ferdinand Magellan 1519

consolidated its holdings in the Philippines in 1565

4. First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.

NW India in 1608.

5. Dutch arrive in India in 1595

largest fleet of ships in the world (20,000)

Batavia: island of Java

6. English & Dutch form East India Companies to establish trade throughout Asia

Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First

Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc

Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First

Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc

Other Voyages of ExplorationOther Voyages of ExplorationOther Voyages of ExplorationOther Voyages of Exploration

Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations