mrs. harlin. 4.1.1 compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules...
TRANSCRIPT
4.1.1Compare the structures and functions of the
major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms.
1. Carbohydratescomposed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Ratio 1:2:1 Function: quick energy.Units are simple sugars called
monosaccharides, such as glucose (C6H12O6). Disaccharides are double sugars such as
sucrose (table sugar).Polysaccharides- starch (energy storage in
plants), glycogen (energy storage in animals), cellulose (forms cell walls of plants).
CarbohydratesHeterotrophs- eat to obtainAutotrophs- make during photosynthesis in
the chloroplast of their cells
DiabetesPeople who have diabetes do not produce
enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood.
2. LipidsFunction- energy storage and structural
component of plasma membrane (phospholipids). made of carbon and hydrogen with small
amounts of oxygen. Subunits: triglycerides (3 fatty acid tails and a
glycerol molecule)nonpolar, meaning not soluble in water.Ex: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
Clogged ArteriesA diet with a lot of
lipids will result in plaque deposits in your bloodstream which can cause heart disease.
3. ProteinsMade of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
and sometimes sulfur.Function- growth and repair of cells;
catalyzes reactionsBuilding blocks or units are amino acids. 20 basic amino acidsbonds between amino acids are called
peptide bonds.Made at ribosomes in cellsEx: insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin
4. Nucleic AcidsFunction- genetic blueprintComplex; store information in the form of a code. Units are called nucleotidesTypes: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNAFound in nucleus of cell.
Tests for Macromolecules
Test Name Checking For? Color Change if Positive
Iodine Test (Lugol's Test); (yellow soln) Starch (carbs) Blue/Black
Brown Paper Bag Test Lipids (fats) Leaves a translucent spot
Benedict's Test (blue soln) Monosaccharides (carbs) Red, orange
Biuret's Test (blue soln) Protein Violet