ms. soles social studies lesson 26 south america: peru
TRANSCRIPT
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Ms. Soles
Social Studies
Lesson 26
South America: PERU
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What will we learn about Peru?
1) Physical Characteristics2) History3) Government4) Economy5) People/Culture6) Plants/Animals
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Facts About Peru
•Capital City: Lima (7,605,742 pop.) (8,472,935 metro)
•Peru Population: 29,461,933 (2010 est.) Currency: Peru Nuevo Sol (PEN)
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• Ethnicity: Amerindian 45%, Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
• GDP per capita: $9,200 (2010
est)
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• Language: Spanish 84.1% (official), Quechua 13% (official), Aymara 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages 0.7% (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages), other
• Largest Cities: (by population) Lima, Arequipa, Callao, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Iquitos, Huancayo, Piura, Chimbote, Cuzco
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•Name: The name Peru come from the word Biru. Biru was the name of a local ruler who lived near the Bay of San Miguel, Panama. The Spanish adopted the name in 1529.
•National Day: July 28 •Religion: Roman Catholic 81.3%,
Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9%
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Physical Characteristics
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•The rugged Andes Mountains cover almost 40% of Peru. Hundreds of snowcapped peaks jut skyward here, with many exceeding 20,000 ft.
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Mountain lagoon in Peru
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Fronting the Andes - from Ecuador to Chile - there's an arid and rocky narrow coastline; in essence, it's a sandy mountainous desert dissected by dozens of small rivers that flow into the Pacific.
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• In the east, the Andean Highlands slope gently down into the rivers and jungles of the Amazon; a heavily forested, relatively flat area, that stretches to its borders with Brazil and Chile.
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•The lowest part of Peru is in the far northeast; here the fertile land and jungles are irrigated by tributaries of the massive Amazon River.
Note that Peru shares control of Lake Titicaca with Bolivia, the world's highest navigable lake.
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History in a Timeline1500’s – 1800’s
• (1523-33) Francisco Pizarro defeated Incas
• (1535) Francisco Pizarro established Lima, made Lima capital of Viceroyalty of Peru
• (1780) Mestizos, led by Tupac Amaru II, revolted against Spanish rule
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Let’s back up to Pre-Columbian Inca civilization
and visit famous ruins!
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/history/inca-videos-playlist.htm#video-40472
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• (1821) General Jose de San Martin captured Lima from Spain; proclaimed Peru independent
• (1824) Peru defeated Spain, became last colony in Latin America to gain its independence
• (1836-39) Peru joined Bolivian confederation
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• (1849-74) 100,000 Chinese workers arrived in Peru as menial laborers
• (1866) Peru won brief war with Spain
• (1879-83) Chile defeated Peru, Bolivia during the Pacific war, Peru lost province of Tacna
• (1884) Treaty of Ancon gave Peruvian province of Tarapaca
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1900’s
• (1924) Victor Raul Haya de la Torre set up nationalist American Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APRA) while exiled in Mexico
• (1929) Chile returned Tacna to Peru • (1941) Brief border war with
Ecuador; under 1942 Rio Protocol, Ecuador ceded tdisputed territory to Peru
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(1945) Civilian government led by center-left APRA assumed power after free elections
• (1948) Military coup installed General Manuel A. Odria as president
• (1963) Peru returned to civilian rule; Fernando Belaunde Terry president
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• (1968) General Juan Velasco Alvardo seized power in military coup
• (1975) Velasco ousted in coup led by General Quechua; language of Inca made official language along with Spanish
• (1980) Peru returned to civilian rule with Fernando Belaunde as president
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• (1981) Peru fought border war with Ecuador over Cordillera del Condor
• (1982) Debt crisis; military crackdown on guerrillas, drug traffickers escalated deaths and “disappearances”
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(1985) APRA candidate Alan Garcia Perez won presidential election; campaign started to remove military, police “old guard”
• (1987) New liberated movement led by Mario Vargas Llosa blocked plans to nationalize banks as Peru faced bankruptcy
• (1988) Peru sought help from International Monetary Fund
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1900’s
• (1990) Alberto Fujimori defeated Mario Vargas Llosa for president; Fujimori instituted severe austerity measures, privatization programs
• (1992) Fujimori dissolved congress • (1993) New constitution adopted,
allowed Fujimori to seek re-election
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• (1995) Fujimori re-elected to second term
• (1996) Tupac Amaru guerrillas seized hostages at Japanese Ambassador’s residence
• (1997) Special Forces freed hostages held at Japanese ambassador’s residence; El Nino caused severe drought
• (1998) Border agreement with Ecuador established
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2000’s
• (2000) Intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos caught on video, tried to bribe opposition politician; President Fujimori resigned, congress declared him “morally unfit” to govern; head of congress Valentin Paniagua sworn in as interim president
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• (2001) Alejandro Toledo Peru’s elected first president of native Indian origin; fireworks explosion in downtown Lima ignited a horrific fire, killed 290 people
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• (2002) Alberto Fujimori accused of treason; former intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos sentenced nine years in prison for corruption
• (2003) Congress requested Fujimori extradition from Japan, issued new charges of arms trafficking, torture, student disappearances
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• (2004) Vladimiro Montesinos sentenced to 15 years for corruption, embezzlement, conspiracy; inauguration of major gas pipeline connected jungle gas field with Lima
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• (2005) President Toledo found guilty of electoral fraud; government compensated guerrilla war victims; former president Fujimori arrested in Chile; U.S. and Peru reached a free trade agreement
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• (2006) Alan Garcia won presidency
• (2007) Parliament granted President Garcia emergency powers - allowed him to rule on issues related to drug trafficking and organized crime
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• (2008) President Garcia appointed Yehude Simon, a leftist regional governor from outside the ruling party, new prime minister
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• (2009) Security forces, indigenous people protested against land ownership laws opening up oil and gas resources to foreign companies; Prime Minister Yehude Simon resigned in response to violence;
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• Javier Velasquez Quesquen appointed new prime minister; ties with Chile strained by Chilean military exercise staged close to the disputed borders; Peruvian air force officer accused of spying for the Chilean military
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2011 Government
Since the end of the Fujimori regime, Peru has tried to fight corruption while sustaining economic growth; since 2006 the president is Alan García.30 In 2011, Ollanta Humala was elected the new president of Peru; he will assume office on July 28, 2011.
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Peru’s Economy
Fishing: Peru is an international leader in fishing, producing nearly 10 percent of the world's fish catch. Mining: Peru ranks fifth worldwide in gold production (first in Latin America), second in copper, and is among the top 5 producers of lead and zinc.
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The most promising sector is textiles, metal mechanics, food industry and agricultural industry. Tourism has represented a new growth industry in Peru since the early 1990s.
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Peru's natural resources are copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, and natural gas.
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Peru is a country with many climates and geographical zones that make it a very important agricultural nation.
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Peru agricultural exports are highly appreciated and include artichokes, grapes, avocados, mangoes, peppers, sugarcane, organic coffee and premium-quality cotton.
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People and Culture
Peru is a multiethnic country formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century.
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Afro-Peruvian
association football athlete
Jefferson Farfán
Andean man from Pisac in
traditional dress.
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Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. After independence, there has been a gradual European immigration from England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.
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Chinese arrived in the 1850s as a replacement for slave workers and have since become a major influence in Peruvian society. Other immigrant groups include Arabs and Japanese.
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Peruvian culture is primarily rooted in Amerindian and Spanish traditions, though it has also been influenced by various African, Asian, and European ethnic groups.
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Peruvian artistic traditions date back to the elaborate pottery, textiles, jewelry, and sculpture of Pre-Inca cultures. The Incas maintained these crafts and made architectural achievements including the construction of Machu Picchu.
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Peruvian Food, (Cuisine)
Peruvian cuisine is a blend of Amerindian and Spanish food with strong influences from African, Arab, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese cooking. Common dishes include anticuchos, ceviche and pachamanca.
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Ceviche is a lime marinated seafood dish.
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Peruvian Music
Peruvian Music has Andean, Spanish and African roots. In pre-Hispanic times, musical expressions varied widely from region to region; the quena and the tinya were two common instruments.
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Spanish conquest brought the introduction of new instruments such as the guitar and the harp, as well as the development of crossbred instruments like the charango.
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African contributions to Peruvian music include its rhythms and the cajón, a percussion instrument. Peruvian folk dances include marinera, tondero and huayno.
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Nature in the Peru
How about a walk through a Peruvian rainforest canopy?
http://www.compulsivetraveler.tv/videos/309-Canopy-Inkaterra
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More Peruvian rainforest to tour! See how many plants and animals you can observe!
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/40447-the-coolest-stuff-on-the-planet-the-peruvian-amazon-video.htm
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It’s sad to say “Good-bye” to such an interesting and
awesome country! Our next destination awaits!
Guess where we are going next!
Hint: It’s a small country between two large countries!
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Resources
http://www.wikipedia.orghttp://
www.watchknowlearn.comhttp://howstuffworks.comhttp://www.worldarlas.comhttp://
www.compulsivetraveler.com