SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES DEVI AHILYA UNIVERSITY INDORE

M.Sc. (APPLIED CHEMISTRY) (FOUR SEMESTER COURSE)

The programme of studies for the M.Sc. degree aims at equipping the students with adequate theoretical foundation for subsequent specialization in any area of applied chemistry and giving them a fairly comprehensive practical training to make them self-reliant in their work.

SEMESTER I Course No. Course Credit MAP-101 Inorganic Chemistry - I 3 MAP-102 Organic Chemistry - I 3 MAP-103 Physical Chemistry - I 3 MAP-104 Group Theory & Vibrational Spectroscopy 3 MAP-105 a) Mathematics for Chemists* 3 b) Biology for Chemists** 3 MAP-106 Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonding 3 MAP-107 Practical 8 Comprehensive Viva-Voce 4 Total Credits 30 * For student without Mathematics in B.Sc. ** For student without Biology in B.Sc. SEMESTER II Course No. Course Credit MAP-201 Inorganic Chemistry - II 3 MAP-202 Organic Chemistry - II 3 MAP-203 Physical Chemistry - II 3 MAP-204 Magnetic Resonance and Mössbauer 3 Spectroscopy MAP-205 General Chemical Technology 3 MAP-206 Computational Methods in Chemistry 3 MAP-207 Practical 8 Comprehensive Viva-Voce 4 Total Credits 30

SEMESTER III Course No. Course Credit MAP-301 Molecular Spectroscopy (Organic Chemistry) 3 MAP-302 Photochemistry 3 MAP-303 Diffraction Techniques and ESCA 3 MAP-304 Bioinorganic Chemistry 3 MAP-305 Polymers 3 MAP-306 Unit Operations & Unit Processes 3 MAP-307 Practical (Interpretations of Spectra) 8 Comprehensive Viva-Voce 4 Total Credits 30 SEMESTER IV Course No. Course Credit MAP-401 Solid State Chemistry 3 MAP-402 Environmental Chemistry 3 MAP-403 Analytical Chemistry 3 MAP-404 Bioorganic Chemistry 3 MAP-405 Industrial Catalysis 3 MAP-404 Chemical Reaction Engineering 3 MAP-405 Project/Practical 8 Comprehensive Viva-Voce 4 Total Credits 30 Total Credits 120

SEMESTER I

MAP-101: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

Unit-I Metal-Ligand Equilibrium in Solution Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction, trends in stepwise constant, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand. Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin, determination of binary formation constants by potentiometry and spectrophotometry.

Unit-II

Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes Energy profile of a reaction, reactivity of metal complex, inert and labile complexes, kinetic application of valence bond and crystal field theories, kinetics of octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, conjugate base mechanism, direct and indirect evidences in favour of conjugate mechanism, anation reactions, reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage. Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, the trans effect, mechanism of the substitution reaction. Redox reaction, electron transfer reactions, mechanism of one electron transfer reactions, outer sphere type reactions, cross reactions and Marcus-Hush theory, inner sphere type reactions.

Unit-III

Metal-Ligand bonding Limitation of crystal field theory, molecular orbital theory, octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes, p-bonding and molecular orbital theory.

Unit-IV

Non-Aqueous Solvents Ammonia and Sulphuric acid. Aprotic solvents: BrF3, POCl3. Molten salts and room temperature molten salts. Books Suggested :

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley. 2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes & Row. 3. Chemistry of the Elements. N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon. 4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier. 5. Magnetiochemistry, R.1. Carlin, Springer Verlag. 6. Comprehensive Coordiantion Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. Mc

Cleverty,Pergamon.

MAP-102: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

Unit-I Chirality, Absolute and relative configuration, The terms chiral, achiral, stereogenic center (stereocenter), representations of three dimensional molecules, stereoisomerism resulting from more than one stereogenic unit, Pi-diastereoisomerism and torsional chirality in carbon-carbon double bonds, some stereochemical reactions near a stereocenter (formation of diastereomers) stereoselective and stereospecific reactions, stereoisomerism in compounds without a stereogenic carbon, optical activity due to stereoplane (planar chirality)- paracyclophanes and trans-cyclooctene, optical activity of compounds due to helicity, asymmetric synthesis

Unit-II Aromaticity, NMR spectroscopy and aromaticity, aromatic compounds, antiaromatic compounds, nonaromatic compounds, annulenes, ions, metallocenes Crown ether complexes and cryptates, phase transfer catalysis The Hammett equation- linear free energy relationship, Taft equation, steric effects, strain and Bredt rule

Unit-III Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution, SN2 reaction as a stereospecific reaction, SN1 Mechanism- Ion Pairs and other aspects, SNi and SET mechanisms, neighbouring group participation- anchimeric assistance, non-classical carbocations Conformations and stereoisomerism of acyclic and cyclic systems, conformation and chemical reactivity

Unit-IV Stereochemistry of elimination reactions, E1, E2 and E1cB mechanisms, elimination versus substitution Free radical reactions, Structure, stability and geometry, properties of free radicals Books Suggested 1. J. March., Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, John Wiley 2. P. S. Kalsi. Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, New Age International 3. Peter Sykes, A guide book to mechanism in Organic chemistry, Orient-Longmans 4. E. L. Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, McGraw-Hill 5. S. M. Mukherji and S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Macmillan 6. F. A. Carey and R. J Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A and B, Plenum 7. P. S. Kalsi., Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms, New Age International

MAP-103: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I

Unit-I

Introduction to Exact Quantum Mechanical Results The Schrodinger equation and the postulates of quantum mechanics. Discussion of solutions of the Schrodinger equation to some model systems viz., particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor, the hydrogen atom. Hydrogen Molecule.

Unit –II Approximate Methods Variational and perturbation methods. Applications of variation method and perturbation theory to the Helium atom. Molecular Orbital Theory Huckel theory of conjugated systems bond and charge density calculations. Applications to ethylene, butadiene, cyclopropenyl radical cyclobutadiene. Introduction to extended Huckel theory.

Unit-III Chemical Thermodynamics Partial molar Quantities: Partial molar free energy, partial molar volume and partial molar heat content, Chemical Potential and their significance. Determinations of these quantities. Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity. Non-ideal systems : Excess function s for non-ideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficient, Debye Huckel theory for activity coefficient for electrolytic solutions; determination of activity and activity coefficients; ionic strength.

Unit-IV Statistical Thermodynamics Partition functions-translation, rotational, vibrational and electronic partition functions, Calculation of thermodynamic properties in terms of partition. Application of partition functions. Heat capacity behaviour of solids-chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant in terms of partition functions, Fermi-Dirac Statistics and Bose-Einstein statistics Books Suggested

1. J. P. Lowe and K.Peterson, Quantum Chemistry Academic Press. 2. D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi. 3. R. G. Mortimer, Mathematics for Physical Chemistry Elsevier. 4. F. L. Pilar, Elementary Quantum Chemistry , Dover Publication Inc.: NewYork. 5. P. W. Atkins and J. de Paula, Atkin’s Physical Chemistry , Oxford University Press. 6. I. L. Levine, Quantum Chemistry , Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey. 7. T. Engel and P. Reid, Physical Chemistry, Benjamin-Cummings. 8. D. A. McQuarrie and J. D. Simon, Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach , Univ.

Science Books. 9. R. J. Silbey, R. A. Alberty and M. G. Bawendi, Physical Chemistry , Wiley.

MAP-104: Group Theory & Vibrational Spectroscopy

Unit-I Symmetry and Group theory in Chemistry Symmetry elements and symmetry operation, definition of group, subgroup. Conjugacy relation and classes. Point symmetry group. Schonfilies symbols, representations of groups by matrices (representation for the Cn, Cnv, etc, group to be worked out explicitly). Character of a representation. The great orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character tables and their use; spectroscopy. Derivation of character table for C2v and C3v point group Symmetry aspects of molecular vibrations of H2O molecule.

Unit-II Microwave Spectroscopy Classification of molecules, rigid rotor model, effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies, intensities, non-rigid rotor. Stark effect, nuclear and electron spin interaction and effect of external field. Applications.

Unit-III Vibrational Spectroscopy Infrared-Spectroscopy Review of lineear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zero point energy, force constant and bond strengths; anharmonicity, Morse potential energy diagram, vibration-rotation spectroscopy. P.Q.R. branches, Breakdown of Oppenheimer approximation; vibrations of polyatomic molecules. Selection rules, normal modes of vibration, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands, factors affecting the band positions and intercities, far IR region, metal ligand vibrations, normal co-ordinate analysis. Raman Spectroscopy Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion principle, Resonance aman spectroscopy, coherent anti stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS).

Unit-IV

Vibrational Spectroscopy Symmetry, shapes and molecular vibrations of AB2, AB3, AB4, AB5 and AB6, Books suggested

1. Modern Spectroscopy, J.M. Hollas, John Viley. 2. Applied Electron Spectroscopy for chemical analysis d. H. Windawi and F.L. Ho, Wiley

Interscience. 3. NMR, NQR, EPr and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, R.V. Parish, Ellis

Harwood. 4. Physical Methods in Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders College. 5. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton. 6. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, Mc Graw Hill. 7. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy, R. Chang, Mc Graw Hill. 8. Theory and Application of UV Spectroscopy, H.H. Jaffe and M. Orchin, IBH-Oxford. 9. Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy, P.K. Ghosh, John Wiley. 10. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance. A Carrington and A.D. Maclachalan, harper &

Row.

MAP-105 (a) : MATHEMATICS FOR CHEMISTS (For students without Mathematics in B.Sc.)

Unit-I

Vectors Vectors, dot, cross and triple products etc. gradient, divergence and curl, Vector Calculus. Differential Calculus Functions, continuity and differentiability, rules for differentiation, applications of differential calculus including maxima and minima (examples related to maximally populated rotational energy levels, Bohr's radius and most probable velocity from Maxwell's distribution etc.).

Unit-II Integral calculus Basic rules for integration, integration by parts, partial fractions and substitution. Reduction formulae, applications of integral calculus. Functions of several variables, partial differentiation, co-ordinate transformations (e.g. Cartesian to spherical polar).

Unit-III

Elementary Differential equations First-order and first degree differential equations, homogenous, exact and linear equations. Applications to chemical kinetics, secular equilibria, quantum chemistry etc. second order differential equation and their solutions.

Unit-IV Permutations and Combinations Permutations and combinations, probability and probability theorems average, variance root means square deviation examples from the kinetic theory of gases etc., fitting (including least squares fit etc with a general polynomial fit. Book Suggested

1. The chemistry Mathematics Book, E.Steiner, Oxford University Press. 2. Mathematics for chemistry, Doggett and Suiclific, Logman. 3. Mathematical for Physical chemistry : F. Daniels, Mc. Graw Hill. 4. Chemical Mathematics D.M. Hirst, Longman. 5. Applied Mathematics for Physical Chemistery, J.R. Barante, Prenice Hall. 6. Basic Mathematics for Chemists, Tebbutt, Wiley.

MAP-105 (b) BIOLOGY FOR CHEMISTS (For students without Biology in B.Sc.)

Unit-I

Cell structure and functions

Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, intercellular organelles and their function comparison of plant and animal cells. Overview of metabolic processes -catabolism and anabolism. ATP – the biological energy currency. Origin of life –unique properties of carbon. Chemical evolution and rise of living systems.

Unit-II

Carbohydrates Structure and function of important derivatives of monosaccharides like glycosides deoxy sugers, myoinositol, amino sugers. N-acetylmuramic acid. Sialic acid. Structural polysaccharide: Cellulose and chitin, Storage polysaccharide: Starch and glycogen. Structural and biological functions of glucosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides. Carbohydrates of glycoprotein and glycolipids. Role of sugars in biological recognition. Carbohydrate metabolism-Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, gluconeogenosis, pentose phosphate pathway.

Unit-III

Lipids Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, structure and function of triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, Lippoproteins: Composition and function, role in atherosclerosis. Properties of lipids aggregates-micelles, bilayers, liposomes and their possible biological functions. Lipid metabolism--oxidation of fatty acids.

Unit-IV Amino acids, Proteins and nucleic acid Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to peptides, amino acid sequencing. Secondary structure of proteins, α-helix ,-sheets. Super secondary structure, triple helix structure of collagen. Tertiary structure of protein-folding and domain structure. Quaternary structure. Amino acid metabolism-degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence determination: chemical/enzymetic/mass spectral, recemization/detection. Chemistry of oxytocin and trytophan releasing hormone (TRH). Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids. Structure of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it. The chemical basis for heredity, an overview of replication of DNA, transcription, translation and genetic code. Chemical synthesis of mono and trinucleoside.

Books suggested 1. Principles of Biochemistry, A.L. Lehninger, Worth Publishers. 2. Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W.H. Freeman. 3. Biochemistry, J.David Rwan, Nell Patterson. 4. Outlines of Biochemistry, E.E. Conn and P.K. Sumpf, John Wiley.

MAP-106: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Unit I Atomic Structure: Radial wave function. Plot of radial wave function for s, p, d and f orbitals. Angular wave function, shape of s, p, d and f orbitals orbitals. Effective nuclear charge and its applications. Nuclear configuration.

Unit II Structure and Bonding in Main Group Compounds : Structure of molecules, Jahn-Teller distortions. Walsh diagram (tri-atomic AB2 and penta-atomic AB4 molecules), Bent’s rule and its applications. Character of bonds, Bond lengths and bond angles.

Unit III Chemical Forces and Bonding Models in Inorganic Chemistry Internuclear distances, Types of chemical forces. Effects of chemical forces. Bonding Models in Inorganic Chemistry. Detection of hydrogen bonding.

Unit IV Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Hybridization Group theory and hybridization. Determination of hybridization for ABn (n = 2 to 6) molecules. Normalized wave function for hybrid orbitals. The relationship of the molecular orbital and the hybridization treatments. Problems of Quantum Chemistry. Books: 1. Inorganic Chemistry, Huhee, Keiter and Keiter, Addition-Wesley, 1993. 2. Valence, C. A. Coulson, Oxford University Press. 3. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F. A. Cotton, Wiley Eastern. 4. Orbital Interactions in Chemistry, Albright, Burdett, Whangbo, John Wiley.

MAP-107: PRACTICAL

Chromatography Separation of cations and anions by Paper Chromatography. Preparations Preparation of selected inorganic compounds and their studies by I.R. electronic spectra, Mossbauer, E.S.R. and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Qualitative Analysis Separation, purification and identification of compounds of binary mixture (one liquid and one solid) using TLC and columns chromatography, chemical tests. IR spectra to be used for functional group identification. Organic Synthesis Acetylation : Acetylation of cholesterol and sepration of cholesteryl acetate by column chromatography. Oxidation : Adipic acid by chromic acid oxidation of cyclothexaneol Grignard reaction : Synthesis of triphenylmethanol from benzoic acid The Products may be Characterized

by Spectral Techniques. Drug Analysis Physical Chemistry Error Analysis and Statistical Data Analysis Errors, types of errors, minimization of errors distribution curves precision, accuracy and combination; statistical treatment for erro analysis, student 't test, null hypothesis, rejection criteria. F & Q test; linear regression analysis, curve ftting. Calibration of vlumetric apparatus, burette, piette and standard flask. Adsorption To study surface tension-connectration relationship for solutions (Gibbs equation). Phase Equilibria

i. Determination of congruent composition and temperatur5e of a binary system (e.g. diphenylamine-benzophenone system).

ii. Determination of glass transition temperature of given salt (e.g., CaCl2) conductometrically.

iii. To construct the phase diagram for three component system (e.g. chloroform-acetic acid-water).

Chemical Kinetics

i. Determination of the effect of (a) Change of temperature (b) Charge of concentration of reactant and catalyst and (c) Ionic strength of the media on the velocity constnat of hydrolysis of an ester/ionic reaction.

ii. Determination of the velocity constant of hydrolysis of an ester/ionic reaction in micellar media.

iii. Determination of the velocity constant for the oxidation of iodide ions by hydrogen peroxide study the kinetics as an iodine clock reactions.

iv. Flowing clock reactions (Ref : Experimetns in Physical Chemistry by Showmaker) v. Determination of the primary salt effect on the kinetics of ionic reaction and testing of the

Bronsted relationship (iodide ion is oxidised by persulphate ion). vi. Oscillatory reaction.

Solution

Determination of molecular weight of non-volatile and electrolyte/electrolyte by cryoscopic method and to determine the activity coefficie nt of an electrolyte.

Determination of the degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte and to study the deviation from ideal behaviour that occures with a strong electrolyte.

Books Suggested

1. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, revised, J. Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.

2. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, W.L. Jolly. Prentice Hall.

3. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D.P. Pasto, C. Johnson and M. Miller, Prentice Hall.

4. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson, D.C. Health. 5. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton, Adward Arnold. 6. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark, Adward Arnold. 7. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley. 8. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman. 9. Findley's Practical Physical chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman. 10. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw Hill.

SEMESTER II

MAP-201: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY- II

Unit-I Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes : Spectroscopic ground states, correlation. Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states), calculations of 10Dq, B and β parameters, charge transfer spectra, anomalous magnetic moments, Orbital contribution to magnetic moment, magnetic exchange coupling and spin crossover.

Unit-II

Metal π-Complexes Metal carbonyl, structure and bonding, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural elucidation, important reactions of metal carbonyls; preparation, bonding structure and important reaction of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxgen complexes; tertiary phosphine as ligand.

Unit-III

Boranes Classification, preparation, reactivity, bonding and topology of Boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarbonaes.

Unit-IV Metal Clusters, Chains and Fullerenes Compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds. Isopoly and heteropoly acids and their salts. Fullerenes Books Suggested : 1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, John Wiley. 2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes & Row. 3. Chemistry of the Elements. N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Pergamon. 4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier. 5. Magnetiochemistry, R.1. Carlin, Springer Verlag. 6. Comprehensive Coordiantion Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. Mc Cleverty,Pergamon.

MAP-202: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II

Unit-I Common organic reactions and their mechanisms, base catalysed reactions, Stork Enamine reaction, acid catalysed reactions, reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives Reagents in organic synthesis and relevant name reactions, organotransition metal reagents, some transition metal organometallic reactions, phosphorus containing reagents, organosulphur compounds, silicon reagents, boron containing reagents

Unit-II Eletrophilic aromatic substitution- the arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity, Ipso substitution, aromatic rearrangements Aromatic nucleophilic substitution-SNAr mechanism, SN1 mechanism, benzyne mechanism

Unit-III Stereochemistry and mechanism of addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds, addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes involving electrophiles, Birch reduction, epoxidation of alkenes Addition to carbon-hetero multiple bonds, addition to carbonyl compounds, metal hydride reduction, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, Wittig reaction

Unit-IV Pericyclic reactions, conservation of molecular orbital symmetry, electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements, the ene reaction, Mobius – Huckel analysis (PMO approach), correlation diagram method Books Suggested

1. J. March., Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, John Wiley

2. P. S. Kalsi. Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism, New Age International 3. Peter Sykes, A guide book to mechanism in Organic chemistry, Orient-Longmans 4. S. M. Mukherji and S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Macmillan 5. F. A. Carey and R. J Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A and B, Plenum 6. P. S. Kalsi., Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms, New Age International

MAP-203: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II

Unit-I

Chemical Dynamics Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws, Arrhenius equation, theories of reaction rates, determination of reaction mechanisms. Kinetics of inorganic mechanisms : Hydrogen- Bromine reaction, Hydrogen- Chlorine Reaction. Decomposition of nitrogen pentaoxide, Decomposition of Ozone. Kinetics of organic Decompositions : Pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of ethane.

Unit-II Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Adsorption :Gibbs adsorption isotherm, BET equation and estimation of surface area .

Micelles:Surface active agents, classification of surface active agents, micellization, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, thermodynamics of micellization Concepts of catalysis: Homogenous catalysis, kinetics of enzyme reactions,

Unit –III Complex and Fast Reaction Complex Reactions: Opposing reactions, Complex reactions, Parallel reactions , kinetics of free radical polymerization Fast reactions: Experimental techniques for fast reactions viz., flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis

Unit-IV Applied Electrochemistry Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, electrode kinetics, electrical double layer, Debye-Hückel theory. Voltammetry, Current voltage relationship, characteristics of DME, half-wave potential. Amperometric titrations. Corrosion: Introduction to corrosion, forms of corrosion, Corrosion monitoring and prevention methods Books Suggested 1. P.W. Atkins , Physical Chemistry, ELBS. 2. A.K. Chandra, Introduction to Quantum Chemistyry, Tata Mc Graw Hill. 3. Ira N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, Prentice Hall. 4. K.J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics. McGraw-Hill. 5. V. Moraoi, Micelles, Theoretical and Applied Aspects, Plenum. 6. A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications,

John Wiley & Sons: New York.

MAP-204: Magnetic Resonance and Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Unit-I Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation, shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift and its measurements, factors, influencing chemical shift, deshielding, spin-spin interactions, factors influencing coupling constant "j" Classification (AXB, AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc.). spin decoupling; basic ideas about instrument, NMR studies of nuclei other than protin-13C, 19F and 31P. FT NMR.

Unit-II Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Quadrupole nuclei, quadrupole moments, electric field gradient, coupling constant, splitting. Applications.

Unit-III Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Basic principles, Hyperfine coupling, Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling contstnats , spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions, spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors, factors affecting the 'g' value. Zero field splitting and Kramer's degeneracy.. spin Hamiltonian, spin densities and Mc Connell relationship. Applications.

Unit IV

Mössbauer Spectroscopy Basic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display. Application of the technique to the studies of (1) bonding and structures of Fe+2 and Fe+3 compounds including those of intermediate spin, (2) Sn+2 and Sn+4 compounds nature of M-L bond, coordination number, structure and (3) detection of oxidation state and inequivalent MB atoms. Book Suggested

1. Physical Methods for Chemistry, R.S. Drago, Saunders Compnay. 2. Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, E.A.V. Ebsworth, D.W.H. Rankin and S.

Cradock, ELBS. 3. Infrared and Raman Spectral : Inorganic and Coordination Compounds K. Nakamoto,

Wiley. 4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry vol., 8, ed., F.A. Cotton, vol., 15 ed. S.J. Lippard, Wiley. 5. Transition Metal Chemistry ed. R.L. Carlin vol. 3 dekker. 6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.P.B. Lever, Elsevier. 7. NMR, NQR, EPR and Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry, .V. Parish, Ellis

Haywood. 8. Practical NMR Spectroscopy, M.L. Martin. J.J. Deepish and G.J. Martin, Heyden. 9. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler adn

T.C. Morrill, John Wiley. 10. Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Wiley. 11. Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, J.R. Dyer Prentice Hall.

11. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata McGraw-Hill.

MAP-205: Organometallic Chemistry

Unit I Main Group Organometallics Synthesis and reactions of organolithium compounds; Synthesis and reactions of organomagnesium compounds; Organometallics of zinc and mercury: preparation, structure, bonding and reactions of aluminum organyls; Thallium(I) organyls (synthesis of TlCp); Organyls of sodium, synthesis of NaCp; Silicon and tin organyls of coordination number 4.

Unit II Transition Metal–Carbon Bond Transition Metal–Carbon σ-Bond: Brief review of metal alkyl compounds; transition metalcarbene and transition metal-carbyne compounds; transition metal vinylidene and transition metal allenylidene compounds. Cyclopropenyl cation (C3R3

+) as a ligand; C4R4 as a ligand (R = H, Me, Ph)

Unit III Syntheses of Cyclopentadienyl and Arene Metal Analogues Synthesis and reactions of cyclopentadienyl metal carbonyls, cyclopentadienyl metal hydrides, cyclopentadienyl metal halides, arene metal carbonyls, η6-arene-chromium tricarbonyl in organic synthesis.

Unit IV Applications to Organic Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis (a) In Organic Synthesis: Hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes; Carbonylation of Colman’s reagent; η4-diene iron-tricarbonyls in organic synthesis (b) In Catalysis: Asymmetric hydrogenation; synthesis of acetic acid and glycol (Monsanto acetic acid process); Arylation/vinylation of olefins (Heck reaction); Wacker process (olefin oxidation); Asymmetric epoxidation. Text Books 1. C. Elschenbroich. Organometallics (3rd edn.), Wiley-VCH Publication (2006). 2. C. Elschenbroich & A. Salzer. Organometallics – A Concise Introduction (2nd edn.),VCH Publication (1992). 3. F. Mathey & A. Sevin. Molecular Chemistry of the Transition Elements, John Wiley (1996). 4. F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th edn.), John Wiley (1988). 5. R. C. Mehrotra & A. Singh. Organometallic Chemistry: A Unified Approach (2nd edn.), New Age International (2000).

MAP-206: Computational Methods in Chemistry

This is a theory cum-laboratory course with more emphasis on laboratory work.

Unit-I Introduction to computers and Computing Basic structure and functioning of computer with a PC as illustrative example. Operating systems with DOS as an example Introduction to UNIX and WINDOWS.

Unit-II Computer Programming in FORTRAN/C/BASIC (the language features are listed here with reference to FORTRAN. The instructor may choose another language such as BASIC or C the features may be replaced appropriately). Constants and variables. Operations and symbols Expressions. Arithmetic assignment statement. Input and output Format statement. Termination statements. Branching statements as IF or GO TO statement. LOGICAL variables. Double precession variables. Subscripted variables and DIMENSION. DO statement FUNCTION AND SUBROUTINE. COMMON and DATA statement

Unit-III

Programming in Chemistry Developing of small computer codes (FORTRAN/C/BASIC) involving simple formulae in Chemistry, such as Van der Waals equation. Chemical kinetics (determination of Rate constant) Radioactive decay (Half Life and Average Life). Determination Normality, Molarity nd Molality of solutions. Evaluation Electronegativity of atom and Lattice Energy from experimental determination of molecular weight and percentage of element organic compounds using data from experimental metal representation of molecules in terms of elementary structural features such as bond lengths, bodn angles, dihedral angles, etc.

Unit-IV Use of Computer programmes Operation of PC. Data Processing. Running of standard Programs and Packages such as MS WORD, MS EXCEL special emphasis on calculations and chart formations. X-Y plot. Use of Programs Chemcraft, Molden and PovRey.

Book Suggested : Fundamentals of Computer : V. Rajaraman (Prentice Hall) Computers in Chemistry : K.V. Raman (Tata Mc Graw Hill) Computer Programming in FORTRAN IV-V Rajaraman (Prentice Hall)

MAP-207: PRACTICAL Chromatography Separation of cations and anions by Column Chromatography : Ion exchange. Preparations Preparation of selected inorganic compounds and their studies by I.R. electronic spectra, Mossbauer, E.S.R. and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Handling of air and moisture sensitive compounds. Organic Synthesis Aldol condensation Dibenzal acetone from benzaldehyde. Sandmeyer reactuion : p-Chlorotoluene from p-toluidine. Acetoacetic ester Condensation : Synthesis of ethyl-n-butylacetoacetate by A.E.E. condensation. Connizzaro reaction : 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde as substrate. Friedel Crafts reaction : b-Benzoyl propionic acid from succinic anhydride and benzene. Aromatic electrophilic sustitutions : Synthesis of p-nitroaniline and p-bromoaniline. The Products may be Characterized by Spectral Techniques. Quantitative Analysis Determination of the percentage or number of hydroxyl groups in an organic compound by acetylation method. Estimation of amines/phenols using bromate bromide solution/or acetylation method. Determination of lodine and Saponification values of an oil sample. Determination of DO, COD and BOD of water sample. Conductometry

i. Determination of the velocity constant, order of the reaction and energy of activation for saponification of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide conductometrically.

ii. Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts 9e.g. PbSO4, BaSO4) conductometrically.

iii. Determination of the strength of strong and weak acid in a given mixture conductometrically.

iv. to study of the effect of solvent on the conductance of AgNO3/acetic acid and to determine the degree of dissociation and equilibirum constant in different solvents and in their mixtures (DMSO, DMF, dioxane, acetone, water) and to test the validity of Debye-Huckel-Onsager theory.

v. Determination of the activity coefficient of zinc ions in the solution of 0.002 M zinc sulphate using Debye Huckel's limiting law.

Potentiometry/pH metry

1. Determination of strengths of halides in a mixture potentiometrically. 2. Determination of the valency of mercurous ions potentiometrically. 3. Determination of the strength of strong and weak acids in a given mixture using a

potentiometer/pH meter. 4. Determination of temperature dependence of EMF of a cell. 5. Determination of the formation constant of silver-ammonia complex and stoichiometry of

the complex potentiometrically. 6. Acid-base titration in a non-aqueous media using a pH meter. 7. Determination of activity and activity coefficient of electrolytes. 8. Determination of the dissociation constant of acetic acid in DMSO. DMF, acetone adn

dioxane by titrating it with KOH. 9. Determination of the dissociation constnat of monobasic/dibasic acid by albert-Sderjeant

method. 10. Determination of thermodynamic constants, DG, DS, and DH for the reaction by e.m.f.

method. Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + 2 H

Polarimetry

1. Determination of rate constant for hydrolysis/inversion of sugar using a polarimeter. 2. Enzyme kinetics-inversion of sucrose.

Books Suggested

1. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, revised, J. Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.

2. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, W.L. Jolly. Prentice Hall. 3. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, D.P. Pasto, C. Johnson and M.

Miller, Prentice Hall. 4. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, K.L. Williamson, D.C. Health. 5. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis, H. Middleton, Adward Arnold. 6. Handbook of Organic Analysis-qualitative and Quantitative. H. Clark, Adward Arnold. 7. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A.R. Tatchell, John Wiley. 8. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and F.E. Prichard, Longman. 9. Findley's Practical Physical chemistry, B.P. Levitt, Longman. 10. Experimental Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behera, Tata McGraw Hill.

SEMESTER III

MAP-301: Molecular Spectroscopy (Organic Chemistry) Unit -I

Ultraviolet and Visible spectroscopy: Fundamentals, effect of solvent and extending conjugation on electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes, Fieser Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds,ultraviolet spectra of aromatic compounds. Steric effect in biphenyls

Unit -II Infrared Spectroscopy: Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, anhydrides,lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination bands and Fermi resonance

Unit –III Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: General introduction and definition, chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism, mechanism of measurement, chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei (alcohols, phenols, enols, carboxylic acids, amines, amides & mercapto), chemical exchange, effect of deuteration, Stereochemistry, hindered rotation, Karplus curve-variation of coupling constant with dihedral angle,NMR shift reagents,Solvent effects, Nuclear overhauser effect (NOE). Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy: General considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic olefinic , alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic and carboynl carbon), coupling constants. Two dimensional NMR spectroscopy:COSY, HETCOR, NOESY, DEPT, HMBC and HMQC techniques

Unit- IV Mass Spectrometry : Introduction, ion production EI, CI, FD, ESI and FAB, ion analysis, ion abundance, Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common functional groups, molecular ion peak, metastable ion peak, Mc Lafferty rearrangement , Nitrogen rule, High resolution mass spectrometry. Combined problems based on UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectral techniques Books Suggested 1. R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler and T.C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification of Organic

Compounds, John Wiley 2. R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, Wiley 3. J.R. Dyer, Application of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Prentice Hall 4. D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, Tata McGraw-

Hill 5. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Tata McGraw Hill 6. G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Prentice Hall

MAP-302: Photochemistry

UNIT-I Photochemical Reactions Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, types of excitations, fate of excited molecule, quantum yield, transfer of excitation energy, actinometry.

UNIT-II

Determination of Reaction Mechanism Classification, rate constants and life times of reactive energy state determination of rate constants of reactions. Effect of light intensity on the rate of photochemical reactions, Types of photochemical reactions-photo dissociation, gas-phase photolysis.

UNIT-III Photochemistry of Alkene Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond-geometrical isomerism, cyclisation reactions, rearrangement of 1,4- and 1,5-dienes. Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds Isomerisations, Additions and Substitutions.

UNIT-IV

Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds Intramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds-saturated, cyclic and acyclic,,γ- unsaturated and α,- unsaturated compounds, cyclohexadienones. Intermolecular cycloaddition reactions-dimerisations and oxetane formation. Miscellaneous Photochemical Reactions Photo-Fries reactions of anilides, Photo-Fries rearrangement. Barton reaction. Singlet molecular oxygen reaction. Photochemical formation of smog. Photodegration of polymers. Photochemistry of vision Books Suggested

1. K.K. Rothagi-Mukheriji, Fundamentals of photochemistry, Wiley-Eastern. 2. A Gilbert and J. Baggott, Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, Blackwell Scientific

Publication. 3. N.J. Turro, Molecular Photochemistry, Benjamin. 4. A. Cox and T. Camp, Introductory Photochemistry, McGraw Hill. 5. R.P. Kundall and A. Gilbert, Photochemistry, Thomson Nelson. 6. J. Coxon and B.Holtom, Organic Photochemistry, Cambridge University Press. 7. C H Dupuoy and O L Chapman Molecular Reactions and Photochemistry, Prentice Hall 8. J Kagan, Organic Photochemistry, Academic Press.

MAP-303: Diffraction Techniques and ESCA

Unit-I X-ray Diffraction Bragg condition, Miller indices, Laue Method, Bragg method, Debye Scherrer method of X-ray structural analysis of crystals, index reflections, identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern, Structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities, structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density, phase problem. Description of the procedure for an X-ray structure analysis, absolute configuration of molecules.

Unit-II Electron Diffraction Scattering intensity vs. scattering angle, Wierl equation, measurement technique, elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules. Low energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces.

Unit-III

Neutron Diffraction Scattering of neutrons by solids measurement techniques, Elucidation of structure of magnetically ordered unit cells.

Unit IV

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Basic principles; photo-electric effect, ionization process, Koopman's theorem. Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules, ESCA, chemical information from ESCA. Auger electron spectroscopy-basic idea.

MAP-304: Bioinorganic Chemistry

Unit I Electron Transfer in Biology Structure and function of metal of proteins in electron transport processes cytochrome's and ion-sulphure proteins, synthetic models. Biological nitrogen fixation, and its mechanism, nitrogenase, Chemical nitrogen fixation.

Unit II Metalloporphyrins Structure and optical spectra; heme proteins: magnetic susceptibility, epr and electronic spectra; hemoglobin and myoglobin: molecular structures, thermodynamics and kinetics of oxygenation, electronic and spatial structures, synthetic oxygen carriers, model systems; iron enzymes, peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome P-450

Unit III Metalloenzymes Copper enzymes, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome oxidase and ceruloplasmin; Coenzymes; Molybdenum enzyme: xanthine oxidase; Zinc enzymes: carbonic anhydrase, carboxy peptidase and interchangeability of zinc and cobalt in enzymes; Vitamin B12 and B12 coenzymes; Iron storage, transport, biomineralization and siderophores, ferritin and transferrins..

Unit IV Metal Ions in Biological Systems Bulk and trace metals with special reference to Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, and K+/Na+ pump. Text Books

1. 1. S. J. Lippard & J. M. Berg. Principles of Bioorganic Chemistry, Panima Publ. Corpn. (2005).

2. 2. E.-I. Ochiai. Bioinorganic Chemistry – An Introduction, Allyn and Bacon Inc. (1977). 3. 3. M. N. Hughes. The Inorganic Chemistry of Biological Processes, Wiley (1981). 4. 4. R.P. Hanzlik. Inorganic Aspects of Biological and Organic Chemistry, Academic Press

(1976)

MAP-305: Polymers

Unit-I [A] Basic concepts: Monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization, Linear, branched and network polymers, Classification of polymers. Inorganic Polymers special characteristics, classification, homo and hetero atomic polymers. [B] Polymerization: condensation, addition, radical chain-ionic and co-ordination and copolymerization. Polymerization conditions and polymer reactions. Polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

Unit-II [A] Polydispersion-average molecular weight concept: Number, weight and viscosity average molecular weights. Polydispersity and molecular weight distribution. The practical significance of molecular weight. Measurement of molecular-weights. End-group, viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and ultracentrifugation methods. [B] Analysis and testing of polymers: Chemical analysis of polymers, spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction study, Microscopy. Thermal analysis and physical testing-tensile strength. Fatigue, impact, Tear esistance, Hardness and abrasion resistance.

Unit-III Polymer Processing Plastics, elastomers, fibers. Compounding. Processing techniques. Clendering, die casting, rotational casting, film casting, injection moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding, thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing and fire spining

Unit-IV Structure, Properties and Application of Polymers Structure, Properties and Applications of: [A] Functional polymers: Fire retarding polymers and Electrically conducting polymers. [B] Biomedical polymers: Contact lens, dental polymers, artificial heart and kidney, [C] Polymers based on boron-borazines, boranes , carboranes, [D] Polymers based on Silicon, silicone's polymetalloxanes and polymetallosiloxanes, [E] Polymers based on Phosphorous-Phosphazenes, Polyphosphates Suggested Books: 1. Polymer Science, V. R. Gowariker, N. V. Viswanathan and J. Sreedhar, Wiley- Eastern. 2. Textbook of Polymers Science, F.W. Billmeyer Jr., Wiley. 3. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, H.R. Al cock and F.W. Lambe, Prentice Hall. 4. Developments in Inorganic polymer Chemistry, M.F. Lappert and G.J. Leigh. 5. Inorganic polymers- N.H. Ray. 6. Inorganic polymers, Graham and Stone. 7. Inorganic polymers, J. E. Mark, H. R. Allcok and R. West

MAP-306: Unit Operations and Unit Processes

Unit I Fluid Mechanics: Fluid Statics and Its Applications, Fluids-Flow Phenomena, Basic Equations of Fluid Flow, Flow of Incompressible Fluid in Conduits and Thin Layers, Flow of Compressible Fluids, Flows Past Immersed Bodies, Transportation and Metering of Fluids, Agitation and Mixing of Liquids

Unit II Heat Transfer and Its Applications Heat Transfer by Conduction, Principle of Heat Flow in Fluids, Heat Transfer to Fluids without Phase Change, Heat Transfer to Fluids with Phase Change, Radiation Heat Transfer, Heat-Exchange equipment, Evaporation

Unit III Mass Transfer and Its Applications I Equilibrium-Stage Operations, Physical distillation equipment, sieve plates, typical leaching equipment, terminology for stage-contact plants, Material balances , enthalpy balances, operating- line diagrams. Determination of number of ideal stages ( Mccabe-Thiel method and Absorption factor method), Numericals.

Unit IV Maas Transfer and its applications II Distillation, flash distillation continuous distillation with reflux ( rectification ) material balances in plate columns, Gas absorption, Adsorption, membrane separation processes. Book: Warren L. McCabe, Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, Fifth Edition.

MAP-307: Practical

(A) Interpretations of Electronic, Infra-red, NMR, ESR, Mössbauer, Mass and XPS spectra

(B) Electronic Spectroscopy

i. Determination of kPa of an indicator (e.g. methyl red) in (a) aqueous and (b) micellar media.

ii. Determination of stoichiometry and stability constant of Ferricisothicoyanation complex ion in solution.

iii. Electronis spectral studies for transition metal complexes.

SEMESTER IV MAP-401: Solid State Chemistry

Unit I Solid State Reactions General principles, experimental procedure, co-precipitation as a precursory to solid state reactions, kinetics of solid state reactions.

Unit II Crystal Defects and Non-Stoichiometry Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defects-point defects, line and plane defects, vacancies-Schottky detects and Frenkel defects. Thermodynamics of Schottky and Frenkel defect formation, colour centres, non-stoichiometry and defects.

Unit III Electronic Properties and Band Theory Metal,s insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure of solidsband theory band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super conductors. Optical properties-Application of optical and electron microscopy. Magnetic Properties-Classification of materials : Effect of temperature calculation of magnetic moment, mechanism of ferro and anti ferromagnetic ordering super exchange.

Unit IV Organic Solids Electrically conducting solids. organic charge transfer complex, organic metals, new superconductors. Books Suggested

1. Solid state chemistry and its applications, A.R. West. Peenum. 2. Principles of the Solid State, H.V. Keer, Wiley Eastern. 3. Solid State Chemistry, N.B. Hannay. 4. Solid State Chemistry, D.K. Chakrabarty, New Wiley Eastern.

MAP-402: Environmental Chemistry

Unit I

Environment

Introduction. Composition of atmosphere, vertical temperature, temperature inversion, heat budget of the earth, atmospheric system, vertical stability atmosphere, Biochemical cycles of C, N, P, S and O. Biodistribution of elements. Hydrosphere

Chemical composition of water bodies-lakes, streams, rivers and wet lands etc.

Hydrological cycle Aquatic pollution – Inorganic,organic, pesticide, agriculture, industrial and sewage, detergents, oil spills and oil pollutants. Water quality parameters – dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, solids, metals, content of chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and microorganisms. Water quality standards. Analytical methods of measuring BOD, DO, COD, F, Oils, metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se etc.),residual chloride and chlorine demand. Purification and treatment of water.

Unit II Soils Composition, micro and macro nutrients, pollution – fertilizers, pesticides, plastics and metals. Waste treatment. Atmosphere Chemical composition of atmosphere – particles, ions and radicals and their formation. Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere, smog formation, oxides of N, C, S, O and their effect, pollution by chemicals, petroleum, minerals, chlorofluorohydrocarbons. Green house effect, acid rain, air pollution controls and their chemistry. Analytical methods for measuring air pollutants. Continuous monitoring instruments.

Unit III

Industrial Pollution Cement, sugar, distillery, drug, paper and pulp, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, metallurgy. Polymers, drugs etc. Environmental disasters – Cherbonyl, Three mile island, Seveso and minamata disasters, Japan tsunami

Unit IV Environmental Toxicology Toxic heavy metals : Mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium. Causes of toxicity. Bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metals. Chemical speciation of Hg, Pb, As, and Cd. Biochemical and damaging effects. Toxic Organic Compound : Pesticides, classification, properties and uses of organochlorine and ionospheres pesticides detection and damaging effects.

Books Suggested 1. Environmental Chemistry, S.E. Mahan, Lewis Publishers. 2. Environmental Chemistry, Sharma & Kaur, Krishna Publishers. 3. Environmental Chemistry, A.K. De, Wiley Eastern 4. Environmental Pollution Analysis, S.M. Khopkar, Wiley Eastern 5. Standard Method of Chemical Analysis, F.J. Welcher Vol. III, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 6. Environmental Toxicology, Ed. S. Landsberger and M. Creatchman, Gordon and Breach

Science Publication. 7. Enviromental Chemistry, C. Baird, W.H. Freeman.

MAP-403: Analytical Chemistry

Unit -I Statistical tests and Error Analysis: Accuracy, precision, classification of errors, significant figures and computation, mean deviation and standard deviation, Least square methods, regression coefficient , F-test, t-test and Chi-test. Sampling and Sample Treatment: Factors involved in effective sampling, good samples; Representative and homogeneous, samples of mixtures.

Unit –II Spectrochemical and Thermal Methods : Spectrophotometry: Quantities principles of absorption, instrumentation, single beam, double beam, determination of pKa value of an indicator, detectors, applications. Atomic spectroscopy: Principles of emissions, atomic emission spectroscopy and flame emission spectroscopy, monochromator, detector, types of interferences, Thermal methods of analysis: Principles and instrumentation of TG and DTA. Complementary nature of TG and DTA. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Applications of thermal methods in analytical chemistry .

Unit –III Electroanalytical Methods: Theory of electrogravimetric analysis, electrode reactions, over potential, Cyclic voltammetry, Linear-scan voltammetry, Pulse voltammetric methods, stripping methods. Coulometry : Coulometrc titrations and controlled- potential electrolysis.

Unit - IV

Separation Techniques : Classification of chromatographic separations. Theory of chromatography. Applications of chromatographic methods: Adsorption and partition chromatography. Ion exchange chromatography , LC, HPLC and GC, Column matrices, Detectors. Affinity and chiral columns. Principles of analytical separations, liquid –liqid extraction : Distribution coefficient, distribution ratio, solvent extraction of metals, analytical separations, multiple batch extractions, countercurrent distribution., multiple extractions. Books Suggested

1. Gary D.Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John-Wiley 2. H.A.Willard, L.L.Merrit, and J.A.Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Van

Nostrand, New York, 1986. 3. D.A.Skoog & D.M.West Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Holt Rinahart Winston,

New York, 1988. 4. K A Robinsons Chemical Analysis, Harper Collins Publishers, NewYork. 5. A.J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications,

John Wiley & Sons: New York.

MAP-404: Bioorganic Chemistry

Unit-I

Introduction : Basic Consideration, Proximity effects and molecular adoption. Enzymes: Introduction, Chemical and Biological catalysis, remarkable properties of enzymes, Nomenclature and classification, concept and identification of active site by use of inhibitors, reversible & irreversible inhibition.

Unit-II Kinds of Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes: B-cleavage and consideration, some isomerization and rearrangement reactions. Enzyme catalyzed carboxylation and decarboxylation. Mechanism of Enzyme action: Transition state theory, Orientation and steric effect, acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis. Co-Enzyme Chemistry: Cofactors as derived from vitamins, coenzymes, prosthetic groups, apoenzymes, Structure and biological functions of coenzyme A.

Unit-III Enzyme Models : Host guest chemistry, Chiral recognition and catalysis, molecular recognition, molecular asymmetry and prochirality, Biomimetic chemistry, crown ethers, cryptates, cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin based enzyme models, Calixarenes, ionophores, micelles synthetic enzyme or synzymes.

Unit-IV Biotechnological Application of enzymes: Large scale production and purification of enzymes, techniques and methods of immobilization of enzyme activity, application of immobilized enzymes, effect of immobilization on Enzyme activity, application of immobilized enzymes. Clinical uses of enzymes, enzyme therapy, enzymes and recombinant DNA technology. Books Suggested

1. Bioorganic chemistry:A Chemical Approch to Enzyme action,Hermann Dugas and C.Penny, Springer-Verag.

2. Understanding Enzymes, Trevor Palmer, Prentice Hall 3. Enzyme Chemistry: Impact and applications, Ed Collin J Suckling, Chapman and Hall 4. Enzyme mechanism a Ed. M.I.Page and A. Williams, Royal society of chemistry 5. Fundamentals of Enzymology, N.C. Price and L. Stevens, Oxford University Press. 6. Enzymattic Reaction Mechanism C. Walsh,W.H. Freeman. 7. Enzyme Structure and Mechanism A Fersht, W.H.Freeman. 8. Biochemistry : The Chemical reaction of leaving cells, D.E.Metzler, Academic Press. 9. Biochemistry(4th edn.) Stryer, L.W.; H.Freeman & Co.(1995) 10. Understanding Enzymes Palmer, T.; Prantice Hall (1995).

MAP-405: Industrial Catalysis

Unit I Catalysis in solutions Introduction, Acid-base catalysis, catalysis by electron transfer, Organometallic catalysis, Catalysis by macromolecules, Phase transfer catalysis, Catalysis by micelles

Unit II Catalysis by enzymes Composition and structure of enzymes, Reactions catalyzed by enzymes, Nature of catalytic sites: the Uniqueness of enzymes as catalysts, Examples of enzyme structure and catalysis, Supported Enzymes,

Unit III Catalysis by polymers: Nature of Polymers, Attachment of Catalytic Groups to Polymer Supports, Catalysis in Polymer Gels, Adsorption and Kinetics of Polymer-Catalyzed Reactions, Interactions of Catalytic Groups: the Role of the Support, Bifunctional and Multifunctional Catalysis, Porous Polymers and Surface Catalysis, Intraparticle Transport Influence, Applications of Polymer Catalysts.

Unit IV Catalysis by Nanomaterials . Structures of Crystalline Solids, important preparative techniques for Nanomaterials, Catalysis by nanometerials and nano metal oxides, Structures of Zeolites (Crystalline Alluminosilicates), Families of Zeolites, Adsorption and Diffusion in Zeolites, The Solvent like Nature of Zeolite Pores, Catalysis by Zeolites, Nonzeolite Molecular Sieves, Clays and Other Layered Materials

Unit V Catalysis on Surfaces Nature of surfaces, Charcaterization of surfaces, important surface characterization techniques such as LEED, XPS, BET surface area measurements, XRD Kinetics of few important surface reactions like epoxidation , ammoximation and alkylation. Book:

Catalytic Chemistry, Bruce-gates, John Wiley & Sons

MAP-406: Chemical Reaction Engineering

Unit I Introduction and material balances for chemical reactors. Scope, kinetics of complex reactions, concept of stationary state , The rate expression, Material balance in chemical reactors, Batch reactors, Plug flow reactors (PFRs), Continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), numerical problems.

Unit II Calculation of reactor volume and residence time Residence time of batch reactors, constant volume batch reactor, constant pressure batch reactor, plug flow reactors (PFRs) , continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) , Comparison of PFRs and CSTRs, Reactors in series, The recycle reactor, numerical problems

Unit III Multiple reactions Parallel reactions, Batch reactors and PFRs, Parallel reactions of different order, Series reactions, CSTRs, Comperision of PERS and CSTRs, Problems

Unit IV The energy balance and temperature effects Temperature dependence of reaction rate, Reversible endothermic reactions, reversible exothermic reactions, energy balance ( CSTR, PFR and batch reactors ), Steady-state multiplicity in CSTRs, Multistage adiabatic PFR, Problems Books: 1. Ian S Metcalfe, Chemical reaction engineering 1997 2. J M Smith, Chemical Engineering Kinetics, Third edition .

MAP-407: Practical

Inorganic Chemistry Preparation Preparation of selected inorganic compounds and their study by IR, electronic spectra, Mossbauer. ESR and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Handiling of air and moisture sensitive compounds involving vacuum lines. Selection can be made from the following :

1. Sodium amide. Inorg. Synth., 1946, 2, 128. 2. Synthesis and thermal analysis of group II metal oxalate hydrate. J. Chem. Ed., 1988, 65,

1024. 3. Atomic absorption analysis of Mg and Ca. 4. Trialkoxyboanes-IR and NMR spectra. 5. PhBd2 Dichlorophenylborane - Synthesis in vacuum line. 6. Preparation of Tin (IV) iodide, Tin (IV) chloride and Tin (II) iodide, Inorge, Synth.,

1953, 4.119. 7. Relative stability of Tin (IV) and Pb (IV). Preparation of ammonium hexachlorostannate

(NH4)2 SnCl6 ammonium hexachlorophlumbate (NH4)2PbCl6. 8. Hexa-bis (4,nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene. 9. Synthesis of trichlorodiphenylantimony (V) hydrate. Inorg. Synths., 1985, 23, 194 10. Sodium tetrathionate Na2S4O6. 11. Metal complexes of dimethyl sulfoxide (IR) : CuCl2.2DMSO, PdCl2. 2DMSO, RuCl2.

4DMSO. J.Chem. Educ., 1982, 59, 57. 12. Synthesis of metal acethylacetonate : Magnetic moment, IR, NMR, Inorg. Synths, 1957,

5, 130, 1963, 1, 183. 13. Bromination of Cr (acac)3. J. Chem. Edu., 1986, 63, 90. 14. Magnetic moment of Cu (acac)2H2O. 15. Cis and Trns [Co(en)2CI2]+. 16. Separation of optical isomer of cis-[Co(en)2CI2]CI.J. Chem. Soc., 1960. 4369. 17. Ion exchange separation of oxidation state of vanadium. J. Chem. Educ., 1980, 57, 316;

1978, 55, 55.

18. Determination of Cr (III) complexes. [Cr(H2O)6]NO3.3HO, [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O, [Cr(en)3]Cl3, Cr(acac)3. Inorg. synths., 1972, 13, 184.

19. Preparation of N, N bis (salicycladehyde) ethylenedimine, salen H2. Co(Salen) J. Chem. Educ., 1977, 54, 443; 1973, 50, 670.

20. Preparation of Fe(II) chloride (use it as Friedel-Craft chlorination source) J. Org. Chem., 1978, 43, 2423; J. Chem. Edu., 1984, 61, 645; 1986, 63, 361.

21. Reaction of Cr(III) with a multidentate ligand; a kinetics experiment (visible spectra Cr-EDTA complex) J.A.C.S., 1953, 75, 6570.

22. Preparation and use of Ferrocene. J. Chem. Edu. 1966, 43, 73; 1976, 53, 730. 23. Preparation of copper glycine complex-cis and trans bis (glycinato Copper (II). J. Chem.

soc. Dalton, 1979, 1901, J. Chem. Edu., 1982, 59, 1052. 24. Preparation of phosphine Ph3P and its transition metal complexes. 25. Any other experimetn such as conversion of p-xylene to terephtalic acid catalyzed by

CoBr2 (homogeneous catalysis). 26. Preparation of [Co(phenathroline-5,6 quinone)].

Spectrophotometric Determinations

a. Manganese/Chromium/Vanadium in steel sample. b. Nickel/molybdenum/tungston/vanadium/uranium by extractive spectrophotometric

method. c. Fluoride/nitrite/phosphate. d. Zirconium-alizarin Red-S complex : Mole-ratio method. e. Copper-Ethylene diamine complex : Slope-ratio method. f. Iron-phenanthroline complex : Job's method of continuous variations.

Flame Photometric Determinations

a. Sodium and potassium when present together. b. Lithium/calsium/barium/strontium. c. Cadmium and magnesium in tap water.

Chromatographic Separations

a. Cadium and zinc b. Zinc and magnesium. c. Thin-layer chromatography-separation of nickel, manganeses, cobalt and zinc.

Determination of Rf values. d. Separation and identification of the sugars present in the given mixture of glucose,

fructorse and sucrose by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.

Organic Chemistry Qualitative Analysis Separation, purification and identification of the components of a mixture of three organic compounds (three solids or two liquids and one solid or two solids and one liquid), using tc for checking the purity of the separated compounds, chemical analysis, IR, PMR and mass spectral

data. Multi-step Synthesis of Organic Compounds The exercise should illustrate the use of organic reagents and may involve purification of the products by chromatographic techniques. Photochemical reaction Benzophenone -> Benzpinacol _> Benzpinacolone Beckmann rearrangement : Benzanilide from benzene Benzene -> Benzophenone -> Benzphenone oxime -> Benzanilide Benzilic acid rearrangement : Benzilic acid from benzoin Benzoin -> Benzil -> Benzilic acid Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds Skraup synthesis : Preparation of quinoline from aniline Fisher Indole synthesis : Preparation of 2-phenylindole from phenylhydrazine. Enzymatic synthesis Enzymatic synthesis Enzymatic reduction : reduction of ethyl acetoacetate using Baker's yeast to yield enantiomeric excess of S (+) ehtyl-3-hydroxybutanoate and determine its optical purity. Biosynthesis of ethanol from sucrose. Synthesis using microwave Alkylation of diethyl malonate with benzyl chloride. Synthesis using phase transfer catalyst. Alkylation of diethyl malonate or ethyl acetoacetate with an alkylhalide. Extraction of Organic Compounds from Natural Sources

1. Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves. 2. Isolation of casein from milk (the students are required to try some typical colour

reactions of proteins). 3. Isolation of lactose from milk (purity of sugar should be checked by LC and PC and Rf

values reported). 4. Isolation of nicotine dipicrate from tobacco. 5. Isolation of cinchonine from cinchona bark. 6. Isolation of piperine from black pepper. 7. Isolation of lycopene from tomatoes. 8. Isolation of b-carotene from carrots. 9. Isolation of oleic acid from olive oil (involving the preparation of complex with urea and

separation of linoleic acid). 10. Isolation of eugenol from clove. 11. Isolation of (+) limonine from citrus rind.

Paper Chromatography Separation of identification of the sugars present in the given mixture of glucose, fructose and surcrose by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values. Spectroscopy Identification of organic compounds by the analysis of their spectral data (UV, IR, PMR, CMR & MS) Spectrophotometric (UV/VIS) Estimations

1. Amino acids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates 4. Cholesterol 5. Ascorbic acid 6. Aspirin 7. Caffeine

Physical Chemistry Number of hours for each experiment : 3-4 hours. a list of experiments under different headings are given below. Typical experiments are to be selected from teach type.

Physical chemistry Number of Hours to each experiment : 3 Hours. A list of experiments under different headings are given below. Typical experiments are to be selected from each type. (A) Thermodynamics

i. Determination of partial molar volume of solute (e.g. KCl) and solvent in a binary mixture.

ii. Determination of the temperature dependence of the solubility of a compound in two solvents having similar intromolecular in tetractions (benzoic acid in water and in DMSO water mixture and calculate the partial molar heat of solution.

(B) Spectroscopy

iv. Determination of kPa of an indicator (e.g. methyl red) in (a) aqueous and (b) micellar media.

v. Determination of stoichiometry and stability constant of Ferricisothicoyanation complex ion in solution.

vi. Determination of rate constant of alkaline bleaching of Malachite green and effect of ionic strength on the rate of reaction.

(C) Polarography

i. Identification and estimation of metal ions such as Cd+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, and i+2 etc. polarographically.

ii. Study of a metal ligand complex polarographically (using Lingane's Method).

(D) Chemical Kinetics

i. Determination of rate constant and formation constant of an intermediate complex in the reaction of Ce(IV) and Hypophosphorous acid at ambient temperature.

ii. Determination of energy and enthalpy of activation in the reaction of KMnO4 and benzyl alcohol in acid medium.

iii. Determination of energy of activation of and entropy of activation from a single kinetic run.

iv. Kinetics of an enzyme catalyzed reaction.

(E) Electronics This lab course will have theory as well as practicals and the lectures shall be delivered during lab hours. Basic Electronics Notations used in the electronic circuit, study of electronic compounds and colour codes. Conversion of chemical quantities into electronic quantitles. transducer, illustration with electrodes, thermocouples and thermistors. Passive components : Resistors, capacitors and inductors with some emphasis on solid state properties of materials. Net works of resistors.

Thevenin's theorem, superposition theorem, loop analysis, RC circuits, LR Circuits, LCR circuits. Illustration of the use of circuits in NQR spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy cyclic voltammetry and in power supplied as filter circuits. Active components Introduction to ordinary diodes and Zener diode with some emphasis on p-n junction as a solid state property. Use of diode as rectifiers, clipping and clamping circuits. Power supplies. Transistors : An extension of p-n-p and n-p-n transistors. Characteristics of transistors, hybrid parameters; transistor circuits as amplifiers, high impedance (preamplifier) circuits. Darlinction pairs, differential amplifiers. Operational Amplifiers Ideal characteristics; inverter, summer, integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, illustrative use of operational amplifiers. Introduction to Fourier transformation in instrumentation. List of Experiments in electronics (Do at least five experiments from this section)

1. (a) To plot the diode characteristics and find its dynamic resistance and cut in voltage. (b) To plot the characteristics of transistor used as a diode and compare the results with those of (a)

2. To implement a diode dipper circuit for the given transffer characteristics and verify the 3. (a) To plot the diode characteristics and find its dynamic resistance and cut in voltage.(b)

To plot the characteristics of transistor used as a diode and compare the results with those of (a)wave form.

4. To implement a diode damper circuit which damps the positive peak of the input voltage to (a) Zero voltage adn (b) a given voltage. Verify the performance.

5. (a) To plot the characgteristics of an NPN transistor in CE configuration. (b) To find the h-paprameter of the transistor from the characteristics.

6. (a) To plot the characteristics of an NPN transistor in CB configuration. (b) To find the h-parameter of the transistor from the characterstics and compare it with the results of experiment No. 6.

7. (a) To plot the drain and transfer chracteristics of a JEET in CS configuration. (b) To find out the pinch off voltage, maximum drain to source saturation current and the transconductance.

8. To obtain the frequency response of an RC coupled amplifier and estimate the bandwidth. 9. (a) To plot the characteristics of Zener diode and find its dynamic resistance under

reverse biased condition. To use zener diode for a voltage regulation. (i) Plot the line regulation curve. (ii) Plot the load Regulation curve.

10. (a) To vire a Half wave Rectifier circuit using diode and measure the rms voltage, de voltage and to find Riple factor (b) To study the performance of half way and full wave doubler circuits.

11. To plot the characteristics of UJT and find the peak voltage, peak current and valley voltage and use as a relaxation oscillator.

Books Suggested

1. Inorganic Experimens, J. Derek Woolings, VCH. 2. Microscale Inorganic Chemistry, Z. Szafran, R.M, Pike and M.M. Singh, Wiley. 3. Practical Inorganic Chemistry, G. Marr and B. W. Rockett, Van Nostrad. 4. The systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, R.L. Shriner and D.Y. curlin.