m.sc physics program - kalasalingam academy of...

KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY

(Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education) (Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956)

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil – 626 190

M.Sc Physics Program


(Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education) (Under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956)

Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil – 626 190

SYLLABUS

M.Sc., Physics

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

Effective from the academic year 2009-2010 and onwards

M.Sc., Physics Programme (Syllabus)

SEMESTER-I S.No: Course

Code Course Title Credit CIA ESE Total

1 PHYS-101 Mathematical Physics 4 50 50 100 2 PHYS-102 Classical Mechanics and

Statistical Mechanics 4 50 50 100

3 PHYS-103 Electronics 4 50 50 100 4 PHYS-104 Spectroscopy 4 50 50 100 5 PHYS-105 Practical (general) - I 4 50 50 100 6 PHYS-106 Comprehensive Viva 4 50 50 100 SEMESTER-II S.No: Course


7 PHYS-201 Quantum Mechanics 4 50 50 100 8 PHYS-202 Solid State Physics 4 50 50 100 9 PHYS-203 Nuclear Physics 4 50 50 100 10 PHYS-204 Electromagnetic Theory 4 50 50 100 11 PHYS-205 Practical (electronics) - II 4 50 50 100 12 PHYS-206 Comprehensive Viva 4 50 50 100

SEMESTER-III Specialization - I (Bio Physics and Crystallography) S.No: Course


13 PHYS-311 Elective paper - I 4 50 50 100 14 PHYS-312 Elective paper - II 4 50 50 100 15 PHYS-313 Elective paper - III 4 50 50 100 16 PHYS-314 Elective paper - IV 4 50 50 100 17 PHYS-315 Elective Practical 4 50 50 100 18 PHYS-316 Comprehensive Viva 4 50 50 100 Specialization II – (Solid State Technology) S.No: Course


13 PHYS-321 Elective paper - I 4 50 50 100 14 PHYS-322 Elective paper - II 4 50 50 100 15 PHYS-323 Elective paper - III 4 50 50 100 16 PHYS-324 Elective paper - IV 4 50 50 100 17 PHYS-325 Elective Practical 4 50 50 100 18 PHYS-326 Comprehensive Viva 4 50 50 100 Specialization III – (Nano Science) S.No: Course


13 PHYS-331 Elective paper - I 4 50 50 100 14 PHYS-332 Elective paper - II 4 50 50 100 15 PHYS-333 Elective paper - III 4 50 50 100 16 PHYS-334 Elective paper - IV 4 50 50 100 17 PHYS-335 Elective Practical 4 50 50 100 18 PHYS-336 Comprehensive Viva 4 50 50 100 Specialization IV – Radiation Physics S.No: Course


13 PHYS-341 Elective paper - I 4 50 50 100 14 PHYS-342 Elective paper - II 4 50 50 100 15 PHYS-343 Elective paper - III 4 50 50 100 16 PHYS-344 Elective paper - IV 4 50 50 100 17 PHYS-345 Elective Practical 4 50 50 100 18 PHYS-346 Comprehensive Viva 4 50 50 100

SEMESTER IV Specialization - I (Bio Physics and Crystallography) 19 PHYS-411 Elective Paper - V 4 50 50 100 20 PHYS-412 Project work 10 100 100 200 Specialization II – (Solid State Technology) 19 PHYS-421 Elective Paper - V 4 50 50 100 20 PHYS-422 Project work 10 100 100 200 Specialization III – (Nano Science) 19 PHYS-431 Elective Paper - V 4 50 50 100 20 PHYS-432 Project work 10 100 100 200 Specialization IV – Radiation Physics 19 PHYS-441 Elective Paper - V 4 50 50 100 20 PHYS-442 Project work 10 100 100 200

Total 86 1050 1050 2100 Note: the first two semesters covers general physics core papers. Third and fourth semesters take up specialization papers which are offered as elective papers with choice for the students to select a minimum of five papers from a group of 7/9 papers. Intake of Students: Number of students in I year - 60 Number of students in II year - 4 (specialization) x 15 = 60


M.Sc Physics Programme

I semester

I. Mathematical Physics II. Classical Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics

III. Electronics IV. Spectroscopy V. Practical (general) I

VI. Comprehensive viva II Semester

VII. Quantum Mechanics VIII. Solid State Physics

IX. Nuclear physics X. Electromagnetic Theory

XI. Practical – II XII. Comprehensive viva

III Semester 1.Bio Physics and Crystallography XIII. XIV. XV.

XVI. XVII. Practical- specialization

XVIII. Comprehensive viva 2. Solid State Technology

XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. Practical- specialization XVIII. Comprehensive viva 3. Nano Science XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. Practical- specialization XVIII. Comprehensive viva

4. Radiation Physics XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. Practical- specialization XVIII. Comprehensive viva IV Semester 1. Biophysics and Crystallography XIX. Project Related Paper XX. Project and viva

2. Solid State Technology XIX. Project Related Paper XX. Project and viva 3. Nano Science XIX. Project Related Paper XX. Project and viva 4. Radiation Physics XIX. Project Related Paper XX. Project and viva

Mathematical Physics Unit I Linear Vector spaces and Matrices – Vector spaces – Linear operators – Matrix addition and multiplication by a scalar – multiplication of matrices – Basic matrix algebra – Functions of matrices – The transpose of a matrix – The complex and Hermitian conjugates of a matrix – The trace of a matrix – The determinant of a matrix – The inverse of a matrix – The rank of a matrix – Special types of square matrix – Eigenvectors and eigenvalues – Determination of eigenvalues and eigenvectors – Change of basis and similarity transformation – Diagonalisation of matrices. Unit II Vector calculus – Differentiation of vectors – composite vector expressions; differential of a vector – Integration of vectors – Space curves – Vector functions of several arguments – Surfaces – Scalar and vector fields – Vector operators – Vector operator formulae – Cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates – General curvilinear coordinates. Unit III Ordinary differential equations – Power series solutions for second order ordinary differential equations – Singular points of ordinary differential equations – Sturm – Liouville problems – Hermite, Legendre, Laugerre and Bessel functions – Recurrence relations and generating functions – Spherical harmonics – Addition theorem – Gamma, beta and error functions. Unit IV Fourier series – The dirichlet conditions – The Fourier coefficients – Symmetry considerations – Discontinuous functions – Non periodic functions – Complex Fourier series – Parseval’s theorem – Fourier transforms – Laplace transforms. Unit V Numerical methods – Algebraic and transcendental equations – Rearrangement of the equation; linear interpolation; binary chopping; Newton-Raphson method – Convergence of iteration schemes – Simultaneous linear equations – Gaussian elimination; gauss-seidel iteration; tridiagonal matrices – Numerical integration – trapezium rule; simpson’s rule; Gaussian integration; monte-carlo methods – Finite differences – Differential equations – taylor series solutions; prediction and correction; Runge-Kutta methods. Books for study

1. K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and S. J. Bence, Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Low-priced Edition) (1999).

2. P. Dennerey and A. Kryzwicki, Mathematics for Physicists, Dover (Indian Edition), (2005)

3. G. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press, 6th Edition, Indian Edition, (2005).

4. Schaum’s outline series, McGraw Hill (1964)

5. L. A. Pipes and L. R. Harwell, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, McGraw-Hill, (1995)

6. I. N. Sneddon, The Use of Integral Transforms, Tata McGraw Hill, (1985) 7. M. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physicsl Sciences, 2nd Edition, Wiley

International Edition, (1983)

Classical Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics Unit I Lagrangian & Hamiltonian Formalism - Hamiltonian variational Principle- Lagrange’s equations of motion-Application of Lagrange’s equation-Linear Harmonic oscillator-Particle moving under central force- Single particle in space – Cartesian & plane polar coordinates - Atwood’s machine- Hamilton’s equations of motion –Deduction of Hamiltonian’s equation from variational principle-Application of Hamiltonian’s equations of motion- Linear Harmonic oscillator-Particle moving under central force- A bead on a straight Wire – Atwood’s Machine -Principle of least action Unit II Canonical transformations and Poisson brackets - Canonical transformation – Generating function – Properties of canonical transformation – Poisson bracket – Properties of Poisson bracket – constant of motion using Poisson brackets – Poisson brackets of canonical variables – Poisson’s Theorem. – Invariance of Poisson bracket under canonical transformation – Motion as successive canonical transformation (Infinitesimal generators). Harmonic oscillator problem using infinitesimal generators. Unit III HJ equation, Central force & Small Oscillations - The Hamilton – Jacobi equation for Hamilton’s principle function – Harmonic oscillator problem using Hamilton’s – Jacobi method –Central force – definition and characteristics – Two body problem – Equation of the orbit – Classification of orbits – Stable & unstable equilibrium-Lagrange’s equation for small oscillations-– Normal modes Normal frequencies and Normal coordinates – Two masses and three springs – Three coupled pendulums – Free vibrations of linear triatomic molecule. Unit IV Classical Statistics - Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution Law(no derivation)- Evaluation of Constants- Maxwell’s Law of Distribution of Velocities-Most Probable, Mean, Mean Square and Root Mean Square Speeds- Principle of Equipartition of Energy-Partition Function- Total Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas-Molar Heat Capacity of a gas at Constant Volume- Entropy-Helmholtz Free Energy-Pressure and Equation of State of an Ideal Gas. Unit V Quantum Statistics- Bose-Einstein Distribution Law(no derivation)- B-E Energy Distribution for energies in the range E to E+dE-Condition for B-E Distribution to approach M-B Distribution-Bose Temperature- Bose-Einstein Condensation-Planck’s Law from B-E Law- Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law(no derivation)- F-D Law for energies

in the range E to E+dE-Fermi Energy-Effect of Temperature-Energy Distribution Curve-Free Electrons in a Metal- Comparison of M-B, B-E and F-D Statistics. Books for Study

1. John R. Taylor, “Classical Mechanics”, University Science books, 2005. 2. H. Goldstein, “Classical Mechanics”, Narosa Publishing House, 1996. 3. R. G. Takwale and R. S. Puranik, “ Introduction to “Classical Mechanics” Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2006. 4. P. V. Panat, “Classical Mechanics”, Narosa Publishing House, 2005. 5. Elements of Statistical Mechanics-Kamal Singh & S.P. Singh- S. Chand &

Company, New Delhi.

6. Elements of Statistical Mechanics-Gupta & Kumar- Pragati Prakashan- Meerut 7. Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics and Thermal Physics-E.Reif-McGraw Hill

Electronics

Unit- I Circuit analysis – Circuit elements – Circuit laws – Network theorems – Two port networks – Semiconductor diodes – Rectifier applications - Bipolar junction transistors – current relationships – Bias and DC load lines – Capacitors and AC load lines – Field effect transistors – JFET bias line and load line – MOSFET construction and Symbols – MOSFET bias and load lines. Unit II Oscillators and Wave Shaping Circuits - Oscillator Principle - Oscillator types - Frequency stability, response - The Phase shift oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator, LC tunable oscillators - Multivibrators – Monostable and Astable – Comparators - Square wave and Triangle wave generation - Clamping and Clipping - Voltage regulators- fixed regulators, Adjustable voltage regulators, Switching regulators. Unit III Amplifiers – Small signal midfrequency BJT amplifier – CC, CB, CE amplifier analysis – small signal midfrequency FET amplifier – CS, CD, CG amplifier analysis – Bode plots and Frequency response - Operational amplifiers - Differential amplifier - inverting and nonninverting amplifiers – CMRR - Op-amp with negative feedback - bandwidth and output offset voltage - voltage follower - summing, scaling and averaging amplifiers, instrumentation amplifier, integrator and differentiator. Unit IV Digital Electronics - Combinational Logic - The transistor as a switch - circuit Realisation of OR, AND, NOT, NOR and NAND gates, Exclusive OR gate, Boolean algebra - Demorgan's theorems Adder, Subtractor, Comperator, Decoder / Demultiplexer - Data selector/ multiplexer –Encoder - Sequential Logic: Flip -Flops: one-bit memory; The RS Flipflop, JK Flip- Flop, JK master slave Flip -Flops, T Flip -Flop, D Flip- Flop, Shift resisters - synchronous and asynchronous counters- cascade counters, Binary counter, Decade counter.

Unit V Radio-Frequency Transmitters – Modulations – Analog to Digital conversion – Image Transmission – Radio-Frequency Receivers – Simple Designs – The Modern Receiver – Pre detector stages – Detectors – Audio stages - Television Reception – Telecommunications – Networks – Satellites – Personal communications systems. Books for study

1. Jimmie J Cathey, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Schaum’s Outlines series 2. Ryder - Electronic Fundamentals and applications 3. Millman and Thub - Pulse, Digital and Switching waveforms. 4. Millman and Halkias - Integrated Electronics. 5. Stan Gibilisco - Electronics Demystified 6. Bapat – Electonics Devices and Circuits 7. A.P.Malvino, D.P.Leach – Digital Principles and Applications.

Spectroscopy

Unit I Group Theory: Definition of group, symmetry, point groups, representation of group, orthogonality theorem, irreducible representation, character table, direct sum, direct product, derivation of projection operator – Spectroscopy - Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter - Uncertainty principle - Natural line width and broadening. Microwave - classification of molecules - rigid rotor model - selection rules - intensity of spectral lines - effect of isotopic substitution - Stark effect. Unit II Infrared - Review of harmonic oscillator - selection rules - vibrational energy of diatomic molecules - zero point energy - force constant and bond strength – anharmonicity - Morse potential energy diagram - vibration-rotation spectroscopy - P, Q, R, branches - Breakdown of Born-Oppenheimer approximation - vibration of polyatomic molecules - normal mode of vibration - group frequencies – overtone - hot bands. Unit III Raman: Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect - pure rotational - vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion principle. Resonance Raman. Molecular Spectroscopy: Energy levels, MO, vibronic transitions, Franck-Condon principle, electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules. Emission spectra, radiative and non-radiative decay, internal conversion. Photoelectron spectroscopy. Vibrational: Symmetry and shapes of AB2, AB3, AB4, AB5 and AB6, modes of bonding in ambidentate ligands, application of resonance Raman spectroscopy particularly for the study of active sites of metalloproteins. Unit IV Electron Spin Resonance: Hyperfine coupling, spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions, spin-orbit coupling and significance of g-tensor, application of transition

metal complexes having one unpaired electron including biological systems and to inorganic free radicals such as PH4, F2

- and [BH3]-. Unit V Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: The contact and pseudo contact shifts, factors affecting nuclear relaxation, some applications including biological systems, an overview of NMR of metal nuclides. Chemical shift, spin-spin interaction, shielding mechanism, complex spin-spin interaction, virtual coupling stereochemistry, hindered rotation, Karplus curve, variation of coupling constant with dihedral angle, nuclear magnetic double resonance, simplification of complex spectra, shift reagent, spin tickling, nuclear overhauser effect (NOE), resonance of other nuclei. 13C NMR: Chemical shift, 13C coupling constants, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, NOISY, DEPT, INEPT terminology.

Books for Study 1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy by C. N. Banwell and E. M. McCash,

Tata McGraw Hill, 1994. 2. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy by G. M. Barrow, McGraw Hill 3. Introduction to Atomic Spectra by H. E. White, McGraw Hill, 1934. 4. Modern Molecular Photochemistry by Nicholas J. Turro, University Science

Books, 1991 5. Physical Methods in Chemistry by R. S. Drago, Saunders, 1992 6. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy by A. B. P. Lever, Elsevier, 1984, 2nd Ed. 7. Spectrometric Identifications of Organic Compounds by R. M. Silverstein, John

Wiley, 1991. 8. Introduction to Spectroscopy by D.L. Pavia, G. M. Lampman, G. S. Kriz,

Harcourt College Publisher, NY, 2001 9. Organic Spectroscopy by William Kemp, ELBS 3rd Ed. 1994. 10. Handbook of Spectroscopy – Edited by G.Gauglitz and T.Vo-Dinh

Quantum Mechanics Unit 1 Development of quantum mechanics - In adequacy of classical physics - wave functions for a free particle - Schrödinger equation - Statistical interpretation conditions on the wave function - operator formation - linear operators - expectation value - eigen value and eigen function - orthonormality – dirac delta function – observables - completeness the set of eigen function - interpretation of eigen values and eigen function - simultaneous measurability - uncertainty relations. Unit 2 Simple application - one dimensional problems - momentum eigen values, momentum eigen functions - angular momentum eigen values, momentum eigen functions - eigen values, Momentum eigen functions of the Hamiltonian for the linear harmonic oscillator - rigid rotator – particle in a central potential - particle in a periodic potential - hydrogen atom - reduction of two body Hamiltonian - Hydrogenic eigen functions and spectre - energy bands - (Kronig penny Model) and block wave function. Unit 3 Approximate Evaluation of Eigen values and Eigen function for discrete levels - perturbation theory in non degenerate and degenerate cases - application to ground state on an harmonic oscillator and stark effect in hydrogen - variation method - application to

ground state of Helium atom WKB Approximation - time dependent perturbation theory - first and second order Transition. Unit 4 Angular Momentum - commutation rules for angular momentum operators - eigen value spectrum - raising and lowering operators - matrix representation of angular momentum - spin matrices and wave function - combination of two Angular Momentum system of identical particles - symmetric and Ant symmetric waves – function - Bosons and Fermions - the exclusion principle - ensembles of identical systems - density matrix. Unit 5 Equation of Motion - Schrödinger picture wave equation stationary statistics - Heisenberg picture - correspondence with classical mechanics - the interaction picture – relativistic quantum mechanics – Klein Gordon and Dirac equations Books for study

1. P.M. Mathews, K. Venkatesan – A text book of Quantum Mechanics 2. P. A. Cox – Introductionn to Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure, Oxford

University Press. 3. R. Shankar – Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Kluwer Academic/Plenum

Publishers. 4. Asher Peres - Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods, Kluwer Academic

Publishers. 5. J.J. Sakurai – Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison – Wesley Publishing

Company. 6. L. I. Schiff – Quantum Mechanics 7. P.A.M. Diract – The Principle of Quantum Mechanics.

Solid State Physics

Unit 1 Bravais lattices - Simple crystal structures - reciprocal lattice - Experimental methods of X-ray diffraction- Diffraction of electrons and neutrons by crystals- bragg theory - concept of brillouin zone - atomic scattering factor - geothermal structure factor - bonding of solids - elastic properties - - defects in crystals – diffusion - Ionic conductivity - dislocation and their effect on mechanical properties of solids - colour centres. Unit 2 Lattice vibrations - vibrations of one dimensional atomic chain (mono atomic and diatomic chains) - phonon - spectra of lattice – vibrations - acoustic and optical branches - Phonon dispersion relation - Kohn anomaly - in elastic scattering of neutrons by phonons - an harmonic phonons - transport phenomena in solids - conductivity tensor - Boltzmann equation for metals and semiconductors - thermal conductivity - electron and phonon contributions - Umklapp process - impurity scattering in metals and semiconductors

Unit 3 Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics – macroscopic electric field – local electric field at an atom - dielectric constant and polarizability - (electronic, ionic and orientational)- structural phase transitions - classical theory - Dipole orientation in solids- Dipole relaxation and dielectric losses- relaxation time - ferro electric crystals and their classification – displacive transitions - theory of BaTiO4 - polarization catastrophe. Unit 4 Magnetic property - Dia, para and ferro magnetic property - classical and quantum theory of dia and para magnetism - curie’s law- ferro magnetism - theory of ferro magnetism exchange integral - ferromagnetic domains - anti ferromagnetism- Neel temperature - anti ferromagnetic order. Unit 5 Super conductivity – Brief historical introduction – superconducting materials – Meissner effect – Type I and II superconductors – thermal properties of superconductors – High frequency phenomenological properties – coherence length – London model – Ginzburg-Landau theory – flux quantisation – BCS theory – Josephson effect (AC and DC) – High temperature superconducting oxides – Technological applications. Books for study

1. Dekker - Solid State physics 2. Charles Kittel - Introduction to Solid state Physics John Wiley & Sons, 3. Ashcroft, Mermin – Solid State Physics, Saunders College Publishing. 4. Michel Cyrot, Davor Pavuna – Introduction to Superconductivity and High-Tc

Materials, World Scientific publishing 5. Manijeh Razegh – Fundamental of Solid State Engineering, Springer Publishing. 6. Ziman - Principles of theory of solids 7. Blachmore - Solid State Physics 8. Elliot and Gribsen - Introduction to Solid state Physics and its application

Nuclear Physics

Unit 1 Nuclear Structure - nuclear mass, charge, radius- spin and magnetic moments - experimental determinations - quadrapole moments - systematics of stable nuclei - semi empirical mass formula of Neiz saker - nuclear stability - mass parabola. Unit 2 Radioactivity - alpha emission - Geiger Nuttal law- gamma theory - fine structure of alpha decay – neutrino - energetics of ß decay - theory of ß spectrum - fermi selection rules - non conservation of parity - gamma emission - selection rules - transition probability – internal conversion. Unit 3 Nuclear reactions and Nuclear models - nuclear cross section - scattering matrix- reciprocity theorem - Breit wigner level formula - compound Nucleus - resonance theory - optical model - fission process - liquid drop model - shell model - nuclear reactors - different types - nuclear fusion - thermo nuclear reaction.

Unit 4 Elementary Particles - classification of elementary particles and their properties - decay modes - general ideas of strong - week electromagnetic interactions - Hadrons and leptons Tak-theta puzzle – strangeness - Gellman Nishifima relation - Su(3) classification of hadrans - octels and decouplets. Unit 5 Nuclear Instrumentation - gas counters - proportional counters - Geiger Muller counters - application to alpha, beta and gamma spectroscopy - Neutron detector with BF3 counters - semi conductor detectors Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors - surface barrier detector - basic principles of counters - nuclear electronic instruments - amplitude discriminators - pulse amplifiers - single and multi channel analyzer (Block diagram only). Books for study

1. Evans - Atomic Nucleus, Mcgraw Hill 2. Elton - Introductory Nuclear theory 3. Blatt and Werskopt - Theoretical Nuclear Physics 4. H. Enge - Introduction Nuclear Theory 5. Paul Roman - Theory of Elementary particles 6. J. Sharre - Nuclear radiation detectors

Electromagnetic Theory & Relativity

Unit 1 General methods of solution to potential Problems - Gauss law and its applications - electrostatic potential - dipole and multipole moments - poisson’s equation - Laplace’s equation - solution of electrostatic problems by the method of electrical images - conducting sphere in a uniform field. Unit 2 Dielectrics - polarization vector - field at external and internal points - displacement vector - polar molecules - potential energy of charge distribution in the presence of dielectrics - boundary conditions - dielectric sphere in the uniform field - plane Electromagnetic wave propagation - plane waves in homogeneous non conducting medium and in a partly conducting material - Reflection and absorption in a conducting medium - Propagation in anisotropic dielectrics. Unit 3 Magnetic field of steady current - magnetic vector potential - Biot savart law- Ampere’s law - lorentz force - time integral of vector potential over a closed curve - equation of continuity - lorentz condition - magnetic scalar potential - magnetic shielding - energy in a magnetic field - Faraday and Kerr effects. Unit 4 Maxwell’s Equations - Faraday’s laws of induction – maxwell’s displacement current - maxwell’s equations - boundary condition - wave equations - gauge transformation - green’s function for the time dependent wave equation - initial value problem - poyntish theorem - conservation laws.

Unit 5 Special theory of Relativity - absolute space - mach’s principle - inertial system - lorentz transformations - covariant and contra variant components - Lorentz transformation matrices - Time dilation - Lorentz contraction - velocity addition - Relativistic lagrangian and Hamiltonian function. Books for Study

1. Paul Lorrain, Dale R. Corson – Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, W.H.Freeman and Company

2. Edward J Rothwell, Michael J Cloud – Electromagnetics, CRC Press. 3. D. J. Griffiths – Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice Hall. 4. J. Reitz, F. Milford, R. Christy – Foundation of Electromagnetic theory,

Addision, Wesley. 5. Albert Einstein - Relativity: The special and general theory.

m.sc physics program - kalasalingam academy of...

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