m.sc. semester i and ii botany syllabus credit based and ...m.sc. semester i and ii botany syllabus...

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M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 - 2019 SEMESTER I Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week BPSBO101 Paper Title: Plant Diversity :CryptogamsI ( Algae and Fungi) I Algae 4 1 II Applied Phycology 1 III Fungi 1 IV Applied Mycology 1 BPSBO102 Paper Title: Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) I Gymnosperms I 4 1 II Origin of Angiosperms 1 III Angiosperms I 1 IV Angiosperms II 1 BPSBO103 Paper Title: Plant Physiology I Photosynthesis I (Eukaryotes) 4 1 II Photosynthesis II (Prokaryotes) 1 III Proteins 1 IV Plant Hormones 1 BPSBO104 Paper Title: Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology I Cytogenetics 4 1 II Molecular Biology 1 III Recombinant DNA technology 1 IV Applications of R-DNA technology 1 BPSBOP101 Plant Diversity :Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi) 2 4 BPSBOP102 Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) 2 4 BPSBOP103 Plant Physiology 2 4 BPSBOP104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology &Biotechnology 2 4

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Page 1: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus

Credit Based and Grading System

To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 - 2019

SEMESTER I

Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week

BPSBO101

Paper Title: Plant Diversity :CryptogamsI ( Algae and Fungi)

I Algae

4

1

II Applied Phycology 1

III Fungi 1

IV Applied Mycology 1

BPSBO102

Paper Title: Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta I

(Gymnosperms and Angiosperms)

I Gymnosperms I

4

1

II Origin of Angiosperms 1

III Angiosperms I 1

IV Angiosperms II 1

BPSBO103

Paper Title: Plant Physiology

I Photosynthesis I (Eukaryotes)

4

1

II Photosynthesis II (Prokaryotes) 1

III Proteins 1

IV Plant Hormones 1

BPSBO104

Paper Title: Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and

Biotechnology

I Cytogenetics

4

1

II Molecular Biology 1

III Recombinant DNA technology 1

IV Applications of R-DNA technology 1

BPSBOP101 Plant Diversity :Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi) 2 4

BPSBOP102 Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta I

(Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) 2 4

BPSBOP103 Plant Physiology 2 4

BPSBOP104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology &Biotechnology 2 4

Page 2: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

SEMESTER - II

Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week

BPSBO201

Title of the Paper: Plant Diversity : Cryptogams II

(Bryophyta and Pteridophyta)

I Bryophyta I

4

1

II Bryophyta II 1

III Pteridophyta I 1

IV Pteridophyta II 1

BPSBO202

Title of the Paper: Plant Diversity: Spermatophyta II

(Anatomy, Developmental Botany and Palynology)

I Anatomy I

4

1

II Anatomy II 1

III Developmental Botany 1

IV Palynology 1

BPSBO203

Title of the Paper: Plant Physiology and Environmental

Botany

I Seed Physiology

4

1

II Stress Physiology 1

III Environmental Botany I 1

IV Environmental Botany II 1

BPSBO204

Title of the Paper: Medicinal Botany and Dietetics

I Medicinal Botany I

4

1

II Medicinal Botany II 1

III Dietetics I 1

IV Dietetics II 1

BPSBOP201 Plant Diversity : Cryptogams II

(Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) 2 4

PSBOP202

Plant Diversity: Spermatophyta II

(Anatomy, Developmental Botany and

Palynology)

2

4

BPSBOP203 Plant Physiology and Environmental

Botany 2 4

BPSBOP204 Medicinal Botany and Dietetics 2 4

Page 3: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Semester - I Detailed Syllabus Theory

Course code: BPSBO101

Botany - I

Sr. No. Modules / Units

Plant Diversity-Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi)

Credits

1

1.1

Unit I: Algae

Classification of Algae up to orders, according to the system

proposed by G.M Smith.

1

2

2.1

2.2

Unit II: Applied Phycology

1. Techniques of culturing Algae

2. Algae as biofuel

1

3

3.1

3.3

Unit : III Fungi

1. Classification of fungi, upto orders, according to the system

proposed by Alexopoulos.

2. General account of spore bearing organs and their

arrangements in various groups of fungi; spore release and

dispersal.

1

4

4.1

4.2

Unit : IV Applied Mycology

1. Mycorrhiza; type, distribution and significance with reference

to agriculture and forestry.

2. Study of the following diseases with reference to symptoms,

causal organism and disease cycle :

i. Late blight of potato

ii. Covered smut of jowar

1

Page 4: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course code: BPSBO102

Botany - II

Sr. No. Modules / Units

Credits

Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta I (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms)

1

1.1

1.2

Unit I: Gymnosperms I

1. Classification of gymnosperms upto orders according to the system

proposed by C. J. Chamberlain.

2. General characters; affinities and interrelationships of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales.

1

2

2.1

Unit II: Origin of Angiosperms

Origin and evolution of angiosperms; the primitive angiospermic

flower; primitive and advanced character in angiosperms.

1

3

3.1

3.2

Unit : III Angiosperms I

1. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.) History and

basic Principles.

2. Principles for assessment of relationships, delimitation of taxa and

attribution of rank: a. criteria b. guidelines c. practical considerations, d.

use of categories.

1

4

4.1

4.2

Unit : IV Angiosperms II

1. Evolution, variation and speciation, Biosystematic categories,

Biotypes and Ecotypes.

2. Concept of characters: - Introduction, type function values of

taxonomic characters- numerical taxonomy, chemotaxonomy,

Molecular systematics.

1

Page 5: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course Code: BPSBO103

Botany - III

Sr. No. Modules / Units Credits

Plant Physiology

1

1.1

1.2

Unit I: Photosynthesis I (Eukaryotes)

1. Regulation of C3, C4 and CAM pathways of photosynthesis: Role

of light in the activation of dark phase enzymes, regulation of

RUBISCO, PEPcase, light effect, modulators and coordination of

light, dark phase. C4 Photosynthesis: inter and intra-cellular transport

of metabolites, carbonic anhydrase, PEPcase, NADP-MDH and

PPDK. Regulation of CAM through transport of metabolites.

2. Pentose Phosphate Pathway and its importance.

1

2

2.1

Unit II: PhotosynthesisII (Prokaryotes)

Photosynthesis of prokaryotes: Pigment systems in bacteria and

Cyanobacteria, light harvesting mechanisms, reductive TCA cycle.

1

3

3.1

Unit : III Proteins

Proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structural

features and their analysis - Theoretical and experimental; protein

folding - biophysical and cellular aspects.

1

4

4.1

Unit : IV Plant Hormones

Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport

1

Page 6: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course code: BPSBO104

Botany - IV

Sr. No. Modules / Units

Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

Credits

1

1.1

Unit I: Cytogenetics

Cell division and cell cycle: Steps in cell cycle and control of cell

cycle.

1

2

2.1

Unit II: Molecular Biology

Microbial Genetics: Molecular basis of transformation, transduction,

Conjugation; fine structure of the gene, T4 Phage, complementation

analysis, deletion mapping, cis-trans tests.

1

3

3.1

Unit : III Recombinant DNA Technology

Vectors in gene cloning: pUC19, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC

vectors. High and low copy number plasmids and its regulation.

1

4

4.1

Unit : IV Applications of Recombinant DNA technology

Application of recombinant DNA technology for production of

herbicide resistant plants, insect resistant plants, improving seed

storage proteins and golden rice.

1

Page 7: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Practical-I

Code Title Credits

BPSBOP101 Plant Diversity :Cryptogams I (Algae and Fungi) 2

1 Study of following type with reference to their systematic position, thallus

and reproductive structures: Scytonema, Lyngbya, Anabaena, Volvox,

Scenedesmus, Ulothrix, Enteromorpha, Pithophora, Closterium, Nitella,

Padina and Gracilaria.

2 Extraction of algal pigments and their separation by paper chromatography.

3 Preparation of algal herbaria.

4 Study of the following type with reference to their systematic position, thallus

and reproductive structures: Stemonitis, Saprolegnia, Phytophthora, Xylaria,

Peziza, Daedalea, Claviceps, Fusarium and Trichoderma.

5 Study of the disease mentioned in the syllabus (theory) with reference to the

symptoms.

Causal organisms and disease cycle.

BPSBOP102 Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta I

(Gymnosperms and Angiosperms)

2

Gymnosperms: A study of following types

Cordaites (Fossil) Auraucaria, Cupressus, Podocarpus and Juniperus.

Angiosperms: A study of the following plant families their morphological

pecularities and economic importance :

Menispermaceae, Portulacaceae, Guttiferae, Passifloraceae, Rhamnaceae,

Sapindaceae, Lythraceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Liliaceae,

Scitaminae, Cyperaceae.

Identification of genus and species with the help of flora volumes. (In addition to

the above mentioned families, all families studied in undergraduate classes are

included).

Page 8: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

BPSBOP103 Plant Physiology 2

Major experiments

1 Enzyme kinetics : Determination of Km and Vmax of the enzyme amylase

purified amylase)

2 Extraction of cellulase from a suitable fungal culture and study of enzyme

activity by DNSA method.

3 Immobilisation of yeast cells and study of invertase activity.

4 Quantitative study of diurnal fluctuation in titratable acid number (TAN) in a

CAM plant.

5 Extraction and estimation of GOT and GPT from suitable plant material.

6 Estimation of the total nitrogen content of a plant using Kjeldahl’s method.

Minor experiment

1 Separation of organic acids by paper chromatography.

2 Separation of sugars by paper chromatography.

3 A study of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, from potato peels.

Solvent extraction of chlorophyll a/b, xanthophylls and study of absorption pattern.

BPSBOP104 Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 2

1. Preparation of cytological stains, fixatives and pretreatment agents.

2. Squash preparation from pre-treated root tips (colchicines/

Paradichlorobenzene/ Aesculin.

3. Squash preparation from mutagen treated root tips for study of aberrations.

4. Smear preparation from any suitable plant material.

5. Problems based on:

Restriction map analysis and construction of restriction maps,

Tetrad analysis in Neurospora – two genes and centromere.

Deletion mapping in Bacteriophage.

Page 9: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Semester - II

Detail Syllabus Theory

Course Code: BPBO201

Sr. No. Modules / Unit Credits

Plant Diversity- Cryptogams II (Bryophyta and Pteridophyta)

1

1.1

1.2

Unit I: Bryophyta I

1. Classification of Bryophyta, upto orders, according to the system

proposed by G.M.Smith.

2. Alternation of generation in Bryophta.

1

2

2.1

2.2

Unit II: Bryophyta II

1. Origin and evolution of Bryophyta with reference to habitat and

form

2. Evolution of the Sporophyte in Bryophyta.

1

3

3.1

Unit : III: Pteridophyta I

Classification of Pteridophyta, upto orders, according to the system

proposed by G.M.Smith.

1

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

Unit : IV Pteridophyta II

1. The geological time scale and a study of fossil Pteridophytes

(Rhinia, Horneophyton, Lepidodendron, Calamites, Cladoxylon,

Sphenophyllales, Coenopteridales)

2. Economic importance of Pteridophytes;

3. Cultivation and maintenance of ornamental Ferns.

1

Page 10: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course code BPBO202

Sr. No. Modules / Units Credits

Plant Diversity - Spermatophyta II (Anatomy, Developmental Botany

and Palynology) 4

1

1.1

Unit I: Anatomy I

1. Meristems: Definition type of meristems, apical cell theory, histogen

theory and Tunica corpus theory

2. Sensory and tactile tissue system: Tactile sense organs, gravitational

and optical sense organs

1

2

2.1

2.2

Unit II: Anatomy II

Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot

and root apical meristems; shoot and root development, leaf

development and phyllotaxy; transition of flowering, floral meristems

and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum.

1

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Unit : III Developmental Botany

1. Male gametophyte: Pollen development and gene expression male

sterility sperm dimorphism and hybrid seed production; pollen tube

growth and guidance; pollen storage; pollen embryos .

2. Female gametophyte; Types of embryo sacs; structure of embryo sac

cells.

3. Pollination, pollen-pistil interaction and fertilization: floral

characteristics.

4. Mechanism of Pollination and Fertilization: vectors involved in

pollination; breeding system; commercial considerations, structure of

the pistil; pollen-stigma interactions, sporophytic and gametophytic

self- incompatibility (cytological, biochemical and molecular aspects);

double fertilization; in vitro fertilization.

5. Seed development and fruit growth; endosperm development during

Early, Maturation and Desiccation stages; embryogenesis,

ultrastructure and nucellar cytology; cell lineage during late embryo

development; storage proteins of endosperm and embryo; apomixis;

embryo culture; dynamics of fruit growth; biochemistry and molecular

biology of fruit maturation.

1

Page 11: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

4

4.1

4.2

Unit : IV Palynology

1. Special relationships of pollen grain in pollen tetrads.

2. Pollen wall morphogenesis, ultrastructure, primexin formation.

3. Pollen proteins and allergens.

1

Page 12: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course code: BPBO203

Sr. No. Modules / Units Credits

Plant Physiology and Environmental Botany

1

1.1

Unit I: Seed physiology:

Physiology and biochemistry of seed germination mobilization of food

reserves, germination and growth factors, seed dormancy, control and

release of dormancy.

1

2

2.1

Unit II: Stress Physiology:

Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic

(water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanism of resistance to

biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress.

1

3

3.1

Unit : III Environmental Botany I

1. The Enviroment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic

and abiotic interactions.

2. Habitat and Niche: concept of habitat and niche; niche width and

overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning;

character displacement.

3. Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population

growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (r and K

selection); concept of metapopulation - demes and dispersal,

interdemic extinctions, age structured population.

1

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

Unit : IV Environmental Botany II

1. Species interactions: types of interactions, interspecific competition,

herbivory, carnivory, pollination and symbiosis.

2. Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes, theory of island

biogeography; biogeographical zones of India.

3. Environmental Botany- Present concern: Conservation of genetic

resources, gene pools land races, Global warming and costal

ecosystems. Depletion of forest cover, threats to mangroves.

Urbanization and plant cover.

1

Page 13: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course code: BPBO204

Sr. No. Modules / Units Credits

BPSBO204 Medicinal Botany and Dietetics 4

1

1.1

Unit I: Medicinal Botany I

Biological source, geographical distribution, physicochemical

analysis of

Tylophora asthmatica (leaf), Fennel and Plantago (fruit/seed),

Cinnamon and Holarrhena (bark) and Acorus (rhizome) and Tinospora

root.

1

2

2.1

Unit II: Medicinal Botany II

Essential oils (Cinnamon, Eucalyptus and Citronella)

fatty oil (Sesame, Safflower and coconut).

Vegetable fat (Cocum butter and Mahua butter ) and Medicinal uses

of the above

1

3

3.1

Unit : III Dietetics I

Therapeutic value of Indian plant foods :-a) rice wheat ; b) gram,

green gram c) lemon, grapes and bananas; d) ginger, turmeric,

coriander, garlic, asafoetida, cumin and clove.

1

4

4.1

Unit : IV Dietetics II

Plant food in the treatment of diseases - anorexia, arthritis

constipation, diarrhoea, diabetes, exhaustion, hypertension, memory

and piles.

1

Page 14: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Modules / Units credit

BPSBOP201 Plant Diversity : Cryptogams II

(Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) 2

1. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures in Targionia Plagiochasma

Fimbraria, Pellia and Pgonganatum.

2. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures in : Isoetes, Ophioglossum

Pteris, Angiopteris, Lygodium and Azolla

3. Study of fossils: Sigillaria, Calamites, Rhynia, Sphenophyllum and

Glossopteris.

BPSBOP202 Plant Diversity: Spermatophyta II

(Anatomy, Developmental Botany and

Palynology)

2

1. Study of wood elements in Annona, Michelia, Sterculia and Thuja, using

the maceration technique.

2. Study of the following leaves with respect to leaf surface characters (wax,

cuticle, epidermis, stomata, epidermal outgrowth): Pistia , Ficus,

Avicennia and Peperomia.

3. Photosynthetic system in Pinus (arm palisade): Cyperus, Ficus, and

Oxalis.

4. A study of Microsporogenesis and megasorogenesis with the help of

permanent sides

5. In vitro germination of pollen grains, effect of temperature on pollen

viability and short term storage.

6. Study of the morphology of the pollen (using Chitale’s and acetolysis

method) from the families; Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae,

Labiatae and Graminae.

Page 15: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Minor experiments

1. Effect of water and salinity stress on chlorophyll content of leaves.

2. Effect of water and salinity stress on Proline content of leaves.

3. Determination of Stomatal Index of leaves

4. Determination of epidermal architecture of leaves.

5. Determination of LAI of different types of trees.

6. Assessment of pollution in ambient air, on the basis of injured leaf area.

Field exercises

1. Assessment of erosion status of land along a ‘stream’ on a slope or on flat

land.

2. Assessment of status of waste land, on the basis of its appearance and visible

plant growth.

Assessment of degradation of a forest on the basis of its canopy cover and

height, strata and species diversity.

PSBOP203 Plant Physiology and Environmental

Botany

2

Practical exercises are planned for better understanding of the state of

environment, rather than 5- hour units. Field exercises are expected to be

completed during excursion and field diaries maintained for submission during

tests. Other practical work can be carried out in the laboratory with help of

plant and soil samples collect from the field.

Major experiments

1 Breaking of seed dormancy by Physical and Chemical methods

2 Assessing seed viability by TTC method

3 Determination of Nygard index of algae in a water body.

4 Determination of dust load on lives of roadside plant.

5 Comparison of two population of a species collected from two areas.

6 Determination of primary production of an area by harvest method.

7 Determination of primary production of an area by chlorophyll method.

8 Determination of primary aquatic production by harvest method.

9 Determination of mechanical composition of soil by international pipette

method.

Page 16: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

BPSBOP204 Medicinal Botany and Dietetics 2

1. A study of the macroscopic and microscopic characters and identification

of active ingredients of drugs mentioned in the syllabus for theory by means

of chemical tests / TLC.

2. Identification of medicinally important plants like Tinospora, Holarrhoena

and Ginger with respect to their morphological and anatomical characters

for authentication.

3. Estimation of FW/ DW ratio and total ash content from any medicinal

plant material as per Indian Pharmacopeia standards.

4. A study of the following medicinal plants/plant parts with respect to their

morphological, anatomical and biochemical characters for authentication

of the drug source: Tinospora cordifolia, Holarrhoena antidysenterica,

Ricinus communis, Zingiber officinalis.

5. Morphological identification of plants with similar nomenclatures in the

Ayurvedic system of medicine.

a. Brahmi – Centella asiatica and Bacopa monieri

b. Asoka – Saraca indica and Polyalthia longifolia

c. Karanj – Caesalpinia bonducella and Pongamia pinnata

Page 17: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

M.Sc Botany Semester - III

Outline of the Course: BPSBO301 and BPSBO302 are common papers for all

specializations.

BPSBO301: Techniques and Instrumentation

BPSBO302: Cell and Molecular Biology

BPSBO303 and BPSBO304 are Optional Papers in any one of the following

specializations.

1. Mycology and Plant Pathology (MPP)

2. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (PPB)

3. Angiosperms and Phytochemistry (ANP)

4. Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

5. Environmental Botany (EB)

Theory BPSBO301 4 Credits

BPSBO302 4 Credits

BPSBO303 4 Credits

BPSBO304 4 Credits

Practicals (based on all 4 courses): BPSBOP301, BPSBOP302,

BPSBOP303 & Project

8 Credits

Page 18: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

SEMESTER III

Common Papers

Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week

BPSBO301

Title of the Paper: TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION

I Biostatistics

4

1

II Bioinformatics 1

III pH and buffers and

Electrophoresis 1

IV Colorimeter, UV-visible

Spectrophotometer 1

BPSBO302 Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology

I DNA replication 4 1

II Transcription 1

III RNA processing 1

IV Translation 1

Specialization : Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

BPSBOMCB303

Title of the Paper: Plant Biotechnology

I Plant Tissue Culture I 4 1

II Plant Tissue Culture II 1

III Biotransformation 1

IV Commercial aspects 1

BPSBOMCB304

Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics

I Cytology

4

1

II Cancer Biology 1

III Immune System 1

IV Genetic Diseases 1

BPSBOMCBP303 Plant Biotechnology 2 4

BPSBOMCBP304 PROJECT 2 4

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SEMESTER IV

Common Papers

Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week

BPSBO401

Title of the Paper: Techniques and Instrumentation

I Centrifugation

4

1

II Chromatography 1

III Tracer Technique & PCR 1

IV Nanotechnology & IPR 1

BPSBOP401 Techniques and instrumentation 2 4

BPSBOP402 Molecular Biology 2 4

BPSBO402 Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology

I Gene Regulation I

4

1

II Gene Regulation II 1

III Gene Regulation III 1

IV Cell signaling 1

Page 20: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Specialization : Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

BPSBOMCB403

Title of the Paper: Plant Biotechnology

I Environmental Biotechnology

4

1

II Traditional Knowledge & IPR 1

III Nanotechnology 1

IV Food Biotechnology 1

BPSBOMCB404 Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics

I Plant Breeding I 4 1

II Plant Breeding II 1

III Molecular plant Breeding 1

IV Plant Genetic Engineering 1

BPSBOMCBP403 Plant Biotechnology 2 4

BPSBOMCBP404 PROJECT 2 4

Page 21: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Detailed Syllabus

Semester - III

General Papers

Course Code: BPSBO301

Sr. No. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 4

11

1.1

1.2

1.3

UNIT I: Biostatistics

Hypothesis testing: Theory of errors - Type I and Type II errors, Null

Hypothesis, z-test, Test of significance.

Introduction to ANOVA, One-way & two way ANOVA, Dunett’s test.

Randomized Block Design and Latin Square (5 problems to be solved

in each category).

1

22

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

Unit II: Bioinformatics

Organization of biological data, databases (raw and processed),

Queering in data bases.

Gene finding, motif finding and multiple sequence alignment.

Protein sequence analysis (theory and algorithms).

Exploration of databases, retrieval of desired data, BLAST etc

1

33

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Unit III: pH and Buffers; Electrophoresis

pH and buffer solutions, acids and bases, hydrogen ion concentration,

dissociation of acids and bases, measurement of pH, titration curves.

Physiological Buffers.

Electrophoresis: Theory and application

PAGE (Native & SDS) and AGE

2D Electrophoresis

1

44

4.1 Unit IV: Microscopy & Spectroscopy

Principles, instrumentation, working and applications of

Fluorescence microscope, TEM, SEM, Biological sample preparation for electron microscopy

IR, AAS , Plasma Emission spectroscopy, NMR, MS

1

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Course Code: BPSBO302

Sr.No. Molecular Biology 4

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

UNIT I: DNA Replication

Molecular details of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Assembly of raw DNA into nucleosomes.

DNA recombination, holliday model for recombination.

1

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

Unit II: Transcription

Transcription, RNA synthesis, classes of RNA and the genes that code

for them.

Transcription of protein coding genes, prokaryotes and eukaryotes,

mRNA molecule.

Transcription of other genes, ribosomal RNA, and ribosomes, tRNA.

1

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

Unit III: RNA processing

Capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons.

snRNA, Types of snRNA, snRNA in spliceosome, significance of snRNA

Non coding RNAs, ribozyme, riboswitches, RNA localization.

1

4

4.1

4.2

Unit IV: Translation

Protein structure, nature of genetic code, translation of genetic

message.

Post translational modifications, localization, chaperons.

1

Page 23: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

BPBSOP301 TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION Cr 2 4

Hypothesis testing, Normal deviate test.

ANOVA- one way & two way.

Randomized block Design and Latin square

Multiple alignments

Phylogenetic tree.

BLAST

Motif finding

Preparation of buffers (phosphate and acetate)

Determination of pKa

BPBSOP302 Molecular Biology Cr. 2 4

Aseptic techniques, safe handling of microorganisms.

Establishing pure cultures, streak plate method (T-streak and pentagon method), Pour plate, spread plate.

Maintenance of cultures - Paraffin embedding, Lyophilisation.

Preparation of culture medium, stock solutions

Determination of cell number, viable count method (using pour plate and serial dilution technique).

Separation of seed proteins using PAGE.

Analysis of proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Genomic DNA isolation and quantification.

Page 24: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Specialization: Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

Course Code: BPSBOMCB303

Sr. No Plant Biotechnology 4

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

UNIT I: Plant Tissue Culture I

Micropropagation of floricultural and medicinal plants using

organogenensis and embryogenensis.

Factors responsible for in vitro and ex vitro hardening.

Plant improvement through somaclonal variations.

1

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

Unit II: Plant Tissue Culture II

Plant cell cultures as chemical factories: Cell suspension, enhancement of

product formation using biotic and abiotic elicitors, immobilization,

permeabilization and product recovery.

Problems in plant tissue culture: contamination, phenolics and recalcitrants.

In vitro storage of germplasm, Cryopreservation

1

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Unit III: Biotransformation

Biotransformation using: Freely suspended plant cells and Immobilized

plant cells,

Biotransformation for Vanillin production from Capsicum cell cultures.

In vitro storage of germplasm, cryopreservation.

Studies on Agrobacterium mediated transformed root cultures.

1

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Unit IV: Commercial aspects

The quest for commercial production from plant cell: scaling up of cell

cultures.

Bioreactors: factors for bioreactor design, pneumatically agitated

bioreactors, comparison of bioreactors, operating mode, batch, fed-batch,

semicontinuous, two stage operation, continuous cultivation.

Factors for growth in Bioreactors.

Shikonin production by Lithospemum erythrorhizon cell cultures.

1

Page 25: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course Code: BPSBOMCB304

Sr.No. Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics 4

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

UNIT I: Cytology

Cell membrane and permeability: Molecular models of cell membrane,

cell permeability. Differentiation of cell membrane, intercellular

communications and gap junctions. Cell coat and cell recognition, cell

surface.

Cell Cycle and Apoptosis: Mechanism of Cell division; Regulation, Roles

of Cyclins and Cyclin dependent kinases, Cell Plate formation, PCD.

Organization and function of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes.

1

2

2.1

2.2

Unit II: Cancer Biology

Cancer cells: Characteristics, division, spread, treatment. Course of

cancer cell formation, Carcinogens: radiations, chemicals, oncogenic

virus.

Cancer and mutations, reproductive properties of transformed animal cell

in culture, oncogenes, protoncogenes and their conversion. Oncogenes

and growth factors.

1

3

3.1

3.2

Unit III: Immune System

Phylogeny of immune system, innate and acquired immunity, nature and

biology of antigens, major histocompatibility complex cells of immune

system, regulation of immune responses. Production of antibodies by plant

cells and organs.

Immunity in Health and Disease: Immunodeficiency and AIDS

1

4

4.1

4.2

Unit IV: Genetic Diseases

Genetic disorders, genetic counseling and gene therapy

Biochemical disorders, sex linked disorders, cardiovascular disorders.

1

Page 26: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

M.Sc Botany Semester IV

Outline of the Course: BPSBO401 and BPSBO402 are common papers for all specializations

BPSBO401: Techniques and Instrumentation

BPSBO402: Cell and Molecular Biology

BPSBO403 and BPSBO404 are Optional Papers in any one of the following specialisations.

1. Mycology and Plant Pathology (MPP)

2. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (PPB)

3. Angiosperms and Phytochemistry (ANP)

4. Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

5. Environmental Botany (EB)

Theory BPSBO401 : 4 Credits

BPSBO402 : 4 Credits

BPSBO403 : 4 Credits

BPSBO404 : 4 Credits

Practicals (based on all 4 courses) :

BPSBOP401, BBPSBOP402, BPSBOP403 &

Project

8 Credits

BPSBOMCBP303 Plant Biotechnology Cr. 2 4

Preparation of stock solutions and MS medium.

Callus induction and regeneration.

Isolation of bioactive compounds from callus and plant source using TLC.

Types of Bioreactors.

BPSBOMCBP304 Projects will be allotted in third semester and

students will submit project work having

introduction, review of literature, well defined

material and methods, expected results and

references

2 4

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Detailed Syllabus

Semester - IV

General Papers Course Code: BPSBO401

Sr. No. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 4

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

UNIT I: Centrifugation

Basics principle of Sedimentation

Types of rotors

Differential & density gradient centrifugation

Preparative centrifugation & Applications; Analytical centrifugation &

applications

1

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

Unit II: Chromatography

General Principle of chromatography.

Techniques and applications of Ion exchange, Affinity

Chromatography& HPLCB

Application of HPTLC & HPLC in validation of herbal drugs

1

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Unit III: Tracer techniques & PCR

Pattern and rate of radioactive decay, Units of radioactivity, Stable

Isotopes

Principle, instrumentation & technique: Geiger-Muller counter,

Liquid scintillation counters & Autoradiography

Applications of isotopes in biology: Tracer techniques &

Autoradiogrpahy

PCR and its applications

1

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

Unit IV: Nanotechnology & IPR

Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological samples.

Characterization of nanoparticles (FTIR, SEM, TEM, STEM, Scanning

Tunneling Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, UV-Vis,).

IPR: Objectives, process & scope

1

Page 28: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course Code: BPSBO402

Sr. No. Topic Credits

Molecular Biology 4

1

1.1

1.2

UNIT I: Gene Regulation I

Regulations of gene expression in bacteria - trp operon, ara operon,

histidine operon.

Regulation of gene expression in bacteriophage λ

1

2

2.1

Unit II: Gene Regulation II

Control of gene expression in eukaryotes, Transcriptional control,

RNA processing control, mRNA translocation control, mRNA

degradation control, protein degradation control

1

3

3.1

Unit III: Gene Regulation III

Genetic regulation of development in Drosophila Developmental stages

in Drosophila – embryonic development, imaginal discs, homeotic

genes

1

4

4.1

4.2

Unit IV: Cell signaling

Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, , intracellular

receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal relay

pathways-signal transduction pathways, second messengers,

regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component

systems, light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum

sensing.

Forms of signalling (paracrine, synaptic, autocrine, endocrine, cell to

cell contact)

1

Page 29: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

BPBSOP401 TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION Cr. 2 4

Separation of proteins by Ion exchange chromatography

Separation of amino acids by two dimensional chromatography.

Viscosity studies of proteins: standard BSA and varying concentrations of urea

Synthesis of nanoparticles

Characterization of nanoparticles by UV spectroscopy.

Filing a patent

Industrial visit and report submission.

BPBSOP402 Molecular Biology Cr. 2 4

Isolation of plasmid DNA

Quantification of plasmid DNA

Agarose gel electrophoresis separation of plasmid DNA

Restriction enzyme digestion and separation of fragments

Southern blot transfer technique

Transformation of E. coli cell by plasmid DNA

β-galactosidase expression and assay

Page 30: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Specialization: Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

Course Code: BPSBOMCB403

Sr. No. Plant Biotechnology 4

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

UNIT I: Environmental Biotechnology

Biosorption: use of fungi, algae and biological components

Biomass for energy: Sources of biomass, advantages

&disadvantages, uses of biomass

Biogas production from food processing waste: vegetable canning waste, flour, molasses, etc.

Ethanol from biomass and Lignocellulosic residue

Risks of GMO

1

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

Unit II: Traditional Knowledge & IPR

Different property rights & IPR in India

TRIPS &Patent laws: Introduction & standards for patent protection

WTO& Indian Patent Laws

Protection of traditional knowledge– objective, concept of

traditional knowledge, holders, issue concerning, bio-

prospecting and biopiracy; Advantages of IPR , some case

studies

International Depository authority ,Gene patenting, plant

variety protection, trade secrets & plant breeders right

1

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Unit III: Nanotechnology

Introduction, properties of nano-materials.

Green synthesis of nano-materials, biological methods, use of

microbial system & plant extracts, use of proteins & templates

like DNA

Application of nano-materials in food, cosmetics, agriculture,

environment management and medicine

Risk of Nanomaterial to human health and Environment

1

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4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Unit IV: Food Biotechnology

Factors affecting spoilage

Quality control of food

Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA)

Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Monoclonal antibodies and DNA

probes.

1

Page 32: M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and ...M.Sc. Semester I and II Botany Syllabus Credit Based and Grading System To be implemented from the Academic year 2018 -

Course Code : BPSBOMCB404

Sr. no. Topic Credits

Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics 4

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Unit I: Plant Breeding I

Aims and objectives, plant introductions and acclimatization.

Selection - mass, pure line and clonal.

Hybridization techniques, hybridization in self pollinated and

cross pollinated plants.

Genetic control and manipulation of breeding systems including

male sterility and apomixes

1

2

2.1

Unit II: Plant Breeding II

Distant hybridization: In nature ( plant breeding) – Barriers to the

production of distant hybrids; Unreduced gametes in distant

hybridization; Sterility in distant hybrids; Consequences of

segregation in distant hybrids; 2.Applications and Achievements of

distant hybridization in crop improvement; Limitations of distant

hybrids.

1

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

Unit III: Molecular plant Breeding (Transgenic Crops)

Natural method of gene transfer (Agrobacterium and virus),

selectable markers

Artificial methods of gene transfer: Direct DNA uptake by

protoplast, electroporation, liposome mediated and particle gun

transformation

Production of Transgenic plants :virus resistant & Herbicide -

resistant, plants, Bt Cotton, Golden rice

1

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4

4.1

4.2

4.3

Unit IV: Plant Genetic Engineering

Production of bio pharmaceuticals in transgenic plants.

Edible vaccines & Plantibodies

DNA-based molecular marker aided breeding: RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, STS, ISSR, Microsatellites

1

REFERENCES:

1. Fundamentals of applied biostatistics- Gupta and Kapoor.

BPSBOMCBP403 Plant Biotechnology Cr. 2 4

Identification of mutant genotype in Drosophila and Arabidopsis stocks

maintained by the department.

Field exploration for detection of male sterile plants and estimation of their

pollen fertility in locally grown plants (Tomato, Brassica, Linum).

Study of mitotic index.

Culturing of Drosophila and study of genetic traits.

Blood group testing.

Identification of genetic diseases by chemical tests.

Karyotypes of genetic disorders.

BPSBOMCBP404

Research methodology will be discussed and well

defined material and methods, discussion, results

and conclusions, references and its presentation

based on some advanced techniques in Botany

2 4