MSE 227: Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering

Course Objective...Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE

You will learn about:• material structure

• how structure dictates properties• how processing can change structure

This course will help you to:• use materials properly• realize new design opportunities

with materials

Time: T/Th 9:30 – 10:45 AM,11:00-12:15 PM

Room: JD3504

Instructor: Dr. Dale Conner Dept. of Manufacturing System Engineering and Management

Office: JD3511, (818) 677-4730

Office Hour: T, Th: 12:30-1:30 PM6:00 – 6:45 PM

Email: rdconner@csun.edu

Prerequisites: CHEM 101, PHYS220A, PHYS220ALCorequisites: MATH 150B.

Textbook: Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering, 3nd Ed. 2008.

W.D. Callister, Jr. J. Wiley & Sons, NY

Last day to drop without approval: Sept. 12, 2008

Course Description: An introductory course in engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Study of atomic and crystalline structures of materials. Application of basic principles to the study of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior of materials. Selection of materials in engineering applications based on materials properties and processing. Design project on materials properties, selection or application.

The learning objectives are: To understand the principles of engineering and science in applications of materials and design. To learn to find information in literature and other available sources. To learn to use information systems (computer, internet, and other available sources) in engineering practice.

Grading Policy Quizzes 15.0 % Mid-term Exam 40 % Term papers 15 % Final Exam 30%

Methods of Students evaluation: Two class examinations and a final examination.Weekly quizzes and worksheetsA written report on a material of interest: Outline due: November 13, 2008, with a list of at least six

references. Project due: December 9, 2008.

The Materials Science Mantra:

The properties of a material depend upon its composition and microstructure

The microstructure of a material depends upon its composition and the processing that it undergoes

Materials are... engineered structures...not blackboxes!

Structure...has many dimensions...

Structural feature Dimension (m)

atomic bonding

missing/extra atoms

crystals (ordered atoms)

second phase particles

crystal texturing

< 10-10

10-10

10-8-10-1

10-8-10-4

> 10-6

1

Chapter 1

ex: hardness vs structure of steel • Properties depend on structure

Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a)and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition,and from Fig. 11.13 and associateddiscussion, Callister 6e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24;and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e.

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel • Processing can change structure

2

Structure, Processing, & Properties

Cooling Rate (C/s)

100

200

300

400

500

600

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

(a)

30m

(b)

30m

(d)

30m(c)

4m

Hard

ness

(B

HN

)

1. Pick Application Determine required Properties

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

Material: structure, composition.

3

The Materials Selection Process

T (°C)-200 -100 0

Cu + 3.32 at%Ni

Cu + 2.16 at%Ni

deformed Cu + 1.12 at%Ni

1

2

3

4

5

6

Resi

stiv

ity,

(1

0-8 O

hm

-m)

0

Cu + 1.12 at%Ni

“Pure” Cu

• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:

• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.

4

Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 6e.(Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde,Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); andC.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,Physics of Solids, 2nd edition,McGraw-Hill Company, New York,1970.)

ELECTRICAL

• Space Shuttle Tiles: --Silica fiber insulation offers low heat conduction.

• Thermal Conductivity of Copper: --It decreases when you add zinc!

Composition (wt%Zinc)Therm

al C

onduct

ivit

y

(W/m

-K)

400

300

200

100

00 10 20 30 40

5

Fig. 19.0, Callister 6e.(Courtesy of LockheedMissiles and SpaceCompany, Inc.)

100m

Adapted fromFig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics Systems, Sunnyvale, CA)(Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.)

Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 6e.(Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals, 1979, p. 315.)

THERMAL

• Magnetic Permeability vs. Composition: --Adding 3 atomic % Si makes Fe a better recording medium!

Magnetic FieldMagneti

zati

on

Fe+3%Si

Fe

6

• Magnetic Storage: --Recording medium is magnetized by recording head.

MAGNETIC

• Transmittance: --Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on the material structure.

7

single crystalpolycrystal:low porosity

polycrystal:high porosity

OPTICAL

• Stress & Saltwater... --causes cracks!

• Heat treatment: slows crack speed in salt water!

4m--material: 7150-T651 Al "alloy" (Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)

8

“held at 160C for 1hr before testing”

increasing loadcrack

sp

eed

(m

/s)

“as-is”

10-10

10-8

Alloy 7178 tested in saturated aqueous NaCl solution at 23C

DETERIORATIVE

• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between properties, structure, and processing.

• Recognize new design opportunities offered by materials selection.

Course Goals:

9

SUMMARY