mtgf clippings spring 2012

MTGF ClippingsMTGF ClippingsSERVING MINNESOTA’S TURF AND GROUNDS PROFESSIONALS SPRING / SUMMER 2012

MTGF Donates $85,000 for Turf and Grounds Research

Phosphorus Runoff from Turf

Japanese Beetle Management

Bluegrasses are Still King

Association Spotlight: MGCSA

MTGF Donates $85,000 for Turf and Grounds Research

Phosphorus Runoff from Turf

Japanese Beetle Management

Bluegrasses are Still King

Association Spotlight: MGCSA

2��MTGF�CLIPPINGS ~�SPRING�/�SUMMER�2012

MINNESOTA TURF ANDGROUNDS FOUNDATION

Executive Committee

PresidentDavid�Oberle

Excel�Turf�&�Ornamental

Vice�PresidentSusie�JohnsonGertens�Wholesale

TreasurerSteve�BalfanyBalfany�Farms

SecretaryBrian�Horgan,�Ph.D.University�of�Minnesota

President�Ex-OfficioShawn�BernickRainbow�TreeCare

Scientific�Advancements

DIRECTORS

MTSCBrent�Benike

Northern�Excellence�Seed

MASMSTracy�Closson

Northfield�Public�Schools�ISD#659

MPSTMAPaul�Griffin

City�of�Woodbury

UM�RepresentativeJeff�Hahn

University�of�Minnesota

MGCSAJeff�Ische

Golden�Valley�Golf�& CC

MACDavid�Kemp

The�Catholic�Cemeteries

MTABryan�Lawrence

Rocket�Turf�&�Nursery

MTSCRichard�MagnussonMagnusson�Farms

MPSTMAKevin�Manley

JRK Seed�&�Turf�Supply

MACRalph�PierreUnion�Cemetery

MASMSTom�Redmann

Anoka�Hennepin�ISD�#11

MSAMark�Stennes

S�& S�Tree�Specialists

MGCSARoger�Stewart,�CGCS

TPC�Twin�Cities

MTGF�BUSINESS�OFFICE

Jeff�TurtinenExecutive�DirectorP.�O.�Box�617

Wayzata,�MN 55391952-473-3722

[email protected]

www.MTGF.org

PRESIDENT’S CORNER

“The Business of Your MinnesotaTurf and Grounds Foundation”

The weather has made it easy to write my opening paragraphfor the spring issue of MTGF CLIPPINGS. It has been another cou-ple seasons of strange weather. Winter and early spring have been

anything but normal. Let’s hope the summer settles into a more average and normal pattern,but these days “What’s normal”?

This winter Shawn Bernick, MTGF Past President turned the reigns over to me. Shawn hasserved your association very well. Shawn took over the MTGF during a time of change, and wasa great leader and steady guiding light during this time. You have heard the saying “big shoes tofill” and I will do my best. Thanks again to Shawn for his time and effort.

It is with great pleasure I am able to share some good news with you regarding yourMinnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation. We received the financials for the Northern GreenExpo at our March 15th Board of Directors Meeting. 2012 revenue increased approximately28%. The MTGF’s greatest source of funding comes from the Northern Green Expo. Thanks toMNLA Executive Director Bob Fitch and his show staff for another well-run Expo.

The March 15th BOD meeting was packed with many agenda items. We passedour 2012 Annual Operating Budget, awarded MTGF research grants, put some savings back inthe bank and approved a new direction for 2012 Field Day. Due to the increase in revenue wewere able to increase funding to on-going projects and add one new project. The following is alist of research projects and the Funding Grants awarded for 2012.

$2,000.00 - Testing Annual Bedding Plants for Resistance to White Mold: ByMichelle Grabowski, UM Extension Educator – Plant Pathology and Horticulture and DeanMalvick, UM Dept. of Plant Pathology

$15,000.00 - University of Minnesota Program for Selecting American Elms forResistance to Dutch Elm Disease: By Robert A. Blanchette and Jeffrey H. Gillman

$3,000.00 - What’s Wrong With My Plant? An Online Diagnostic Tool forInsect, Disease and Abiotic Problems: By Jeff Hahn, UM Extension Entomologist andMichelle Grabowski, UM Extension Educator – Plant Pathology and Horticulture

$50,000.00 - Turfgrass Program Support: By Dr. Eric Watkins and Dr. Brian Horgan$15,000.00 - University of Minnesota Fellowship Endowment FundThe MTGF BOD approved a new direction for the 2012 Field Day. The Field is going

“VIRAL.” Dr. Brian Horgan and his team will capture the week-to-week and month-to-monthhighlights and changes via video clips. These will be supported both in the MTGF CLIPPINGSmagazine and website posts. Dr. Horgan will also host “Association Workshop Seminars.”These seminars will need to be arranged with Dr. Horgan and his staff.

As a reminder, your MTGF is made up of seven allied associations. Our Mission isto promote the Green Industries in Minnesota through support of research, education and out-reach at the University of Minnesota and elsewhere. MTGF will continue to encourage theexchange of knowledge among members of the turf and grounds industry through educationalconferences, workshops, seminars, and trade shows.

Until next time, please take time to enjoy working in one of the greatest industries our coun-try has to offer, “The Green Industry.”

Sincerely,

David J. OberleDavid J. OberlePresidentMinnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation

MTGF PRESIDENTDAVID J. OBERLE

SPRING�/�SUMMER�2012�~�MTGF�CLIPPINGS 3www.MTGF.org

Table of Contents

2 President’s Corner - David Oberle

3 Field Day Replaced by On-Line Videos for 2012

4 Phosphorus Runoff From Turf - Horgan, Rice, Rosen

6 Super Tuesday: A Look Back and What’s Ahead

8 Japanese Beetle Management - Vera Krischik

14 Message from the Minnesota Dep’t. of Ag - Kay Sargent

15 Bluegrass is Still King - Joe Churchill

16 MTGF Donates $85,000 Towards Research - Jeff Turtinen

18 Association Spotlight: Minnesota Golf Course

Superintendents’ Association

INSERT Gertens Wholesale3 Frost Services4 The Tessman Company5 JRCO7 ANCOM - Motorola8 John Deere Landscapes9 Twin City Seed Company

10 TerraMax11 Winfield Solutions12 Herc-u-lift14 PBI Gordon15 McCarthy Well Company16 Covermaster19 Northern Green Expo20 Property Props

MTGF / UM Field Day Replaced by On-line Research Videos for 2012

After many discussions, the MTGF

Board of Directors will try a virtual

MTGF/University of Minnesota Field Day

for 2012 versus the traditional hands-on

event it has been for the past 10 years.

Dr. Brian Horgan and other researchers

at the University of Minnesota will pro-

duce short, 2-3 minute videos of a variety

of research projects currently taking place

at TROE Center on the St. Paul campus of

the University of Minnesota.

Two main factors for this change

were declining attendance and timing.

The past few years, attendance has

steadily decreased. Field Day always has

been well-supported by green industry

vendors but less and less MTGF associa-

tion members were attending.

The timing of the event also may be an

issue. Scaled-down work forces in the Fall

can make it tough to leave work.

The Board feels the hands-on experi-

ence of attending Field Day will be missed.

For those who prefer to see the

research in person, individual groups

can make arrangements with Dr. Horgan

for a scaled-down visit to TROE Center

and check out the research first-hand.

(Editor’s Note: Brian Horgan, Ph.D.

may be reached at [email protected].)

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The valuable hands-on experience at past MTGF/University of Minnesota Field Days will bereplaced by short videos of the turf and grounds research taking place at TROE Center on the St.Paul campus of the University of Minnesota. The videos will be available at www.mtgf.org.

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www.MTGF.org4��MTGF�CLIPPINGS ~�SPRING�/�SUMMER�2012

Phosphorus Runoff From TurfBy Brian Horgan1, Pam Rice2 and Carl Rosen1

1University of Minnesota and 2United States Department of Agriculture, St. Paul MN

Turfgrass managers continue to facescrutiny on the types of inputs used tomanage landscapes and playing surfaces.Questions and comments like: what typeof fertilizers are you using, are they organ-ic or synthetic; are those fertilizers slowrelease; why don’t you just use compostfrom the local recycling center. I prefernot to fertilize my lawn because I don’twant to pollute the environment.

As stewards of the environment, turf-grass managers are responsible for properapplication of inputs, developing conser-vation strategies and communicating thosestrategies with customers and the greaterpublic.

Perspective

Phosphorus is an essential elementrequired for plant growth and develop-ment of turfgrass. In soils, it is relativelyimmobile except in runoff water and ero-sion of soils. Off-site transport of P to nat-ural fresh waters can result in acceleratedeutrophication. Eutrophication is a

process that increases aquatic plantgrowth and subsequent reduction of waterclarity, habitat loss and decreased levels ofdissolved oxygen.

When properly maintained, turfgrassdoes an excellent job at minimizing soilerosion. The concern in a turfgrass systemresults from runoff of DISSOLVED (notparticulate bound) phosphorus wherethere are high amounts of organic residuefrom clipping and thatch, high soil testphosphorus or recently applied phospho-rus fertilizers. Research has clearlydemonstrated that added phosphorus fer-tilizer should not be applied followingestablishment when soil-test P levels arehigh.

It Can’t Be That Simple

Phosphorus fertilizer use restrictionsare popping up across the Upper Midwest.Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois andMinnesota all have a statewide use restric-tion on fertilizer applied to turfgrass.

These laws typically exempt golf coursesand sod farms and provide an opportunityto apply P when establishing a new lawnor a soil/tissue test states a deficiency.

Minnesota’s fertilizer restriction hasbeen in place since 2004 (metro) and2005 (statewide). The primary outcomefrom this law is that the amount of P fer-tilizers sold has been significantly reducedand most fertilizer manufacturers haveformulated a Zero-Phosphorus fertilizer.The expectation in Minnesota was thatsurface water quality would improve nowthat P fertilizers applied to lawns havebeen removed from the market. No beenremoved from the market. No changes inwater quality due to the Minnesota lawhave been documented! Unfortunately, itisn’t that simple.

Research Nuts and Bolts

A study was conducted on a silt loam

(Continued on Page 5)

SPRING�/�SUMMER�2012�~�MTGF�CLIPPINGS 5

Phosphorus Runoff From Turf -(Continued from Page 4)

soil at the University of Minnesota Turfgrass Research, Outreachand Education Center with a 5% slop and high soil test P (27ppmBray P-1) to evaluate P fertilization and clipping managementeffects on P runoff from Kentucky bluegrass. Phosphorus runoffwas evaluated separately under frozen and non-frozen soil condi-tions. The study was conducted for 5-yrs following initiation ofexperimental treatments in Sept. 2004.

Four fertilizer treatments were compared: (1) no fertilizer, (2)nitrogen and potassium only (0-P treatment), (3) complete fertil-izer N + 1xP + K, and (4) complete fertilizer N + 3xP + K. Fortreatments 1-3, nitrogen was applied at 147 kg ha-1 (3 lbs per1000 ft2). Potassium was applied based on soil test recommenda-tions. Phosphorus rates were: 1xP = 49 kg ha-1 and 3xP = 147 kgha-1 the first year (1 lb and 3 lbs P2O5 per 1000 ft2, respectively)and 1xP = 16 kg ha-1 and 3xP = 49 kg ha-1 for the following fouryears (0.33 lbs and 1 lb P2O5 per 1000 ft2, respectively).

The 1xP treatment in the first year was equivalent tothe recommended P rate for turfgrass in Minnesota inthe establishment year at the measured soil test level. The 1xPtreatment in the following four years was typical of the amount ofP commonly applied before the widespread availability of zero Pturf fertilizers. Each fertilizer treatment was evaluated with clip-pings removed or clippings recycled back to the turf for a total ofeight experimental treatments.

Data were collected for total P (TP) and dissolved reactive P(RP) concentrations in runoff, runoff depth, amounts of TP andRP transported in runoff, turfgrass growth and quality, P concen-trations in plant tissue, P uptake, and soil test P levels (Bray P-1)at two soil depths. In the fourth and fifth years of the study, TPmeasurements were not made and only RP was measured inrunoff.

Results

After five years of data collection, our results can be summa-rized as:

• Phosphorus in water runoff, the soil, and turfgrass tissueincreased linearly with increasing P fertilizer application rate.

• 86% of phosphorus runoff occurred when the soil was frozen• 78% of the water runoff (total volume of water running off

the turfgrass) occurred when the soil was frozen• 72% of runoff P was dissolved

reactive P• No clipping management effect was found• In year one, highest P runoff occurred from the 3xP treat-

ment• In years 2-5, highest P runoff occurred from the no fertilizer

treatment• P runoff can be reduced without affecting turf quality by not

applying P fertilizers when soil test P levels are high• Properly fertilized turf can reduce P runoff

The Story

Considering the results just presented, in parts of NorthAmerica with prolonged frozen soil conditions, the majority ofoff-site movement of P from the landscape occurs during the win-ter when plants are not actively growing and the entire landscapeis impervious. Stating this differently, management practices tomitigate or reduce off-site movement of P from the landscape canimpact 14% of the total P lost. Plants that are actively growingand actively managed reduce P runoff.

Further consideration of these results should also lead you to

the fact that turfgrass that is properly fertilized will actuallyimprove runoff water quality from the landscape. At this researchlocation, properly fertilized would be N and K only because ofadequate supply of P in the soil after establishment. Soil testing isthe only way to identify what “properly fertilized” turf means atyour location.

The public should not extrapolate or infer the following: IfPhosphorus is bad for the environment then all fertilizer is badfor the environment. This is simply not true. From these resultsand in a separate 5-yr study on golf course fairway turf, any strat-egy to reduce runoff volume will reduce off-site movement ofnutrients in runoff water. These strategies would include hollow-tine aerification to reduce compaction, N fertilizers to increaseplant density, vertical mowing to reduce thatch accumulation andproper fertilizer selection. When comparing hollow-tine andsolid-tine aerification, hollow-tines reduce runoff volumes and Pin runoff by 55% and 44% (2d after aerification), respectively.Follow the water!

With regard to proper fertilizer selection, late season fertilizersshould not contain P. There is no published research that sug-gests any benefit from late-fall or dormant applications of P fer-tilizers, especially in parts of North America that experiencefrozen soil conditions.

Conclusions

Properly fertilized turf will improve water quality. Soil testingwill determine P fertilizer needs. Not apply P when an adequatesupply is available in the soil will reduce P runoff. Any manage-ment practice implemented to keep water on the landscape willreduce nutrient loading into surface waters.

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6��MTGF�CLIPPINGS ~�SPRING�/�SUMMER�2012www.MTGF.org

This year's MTGF Super Tuesday'sspeakers attracted a sizeable crowd at theannual event held on January 3, 2012.Three well-respected speakers enlightenedthe audience talking about informativeand timely issues concerning turf man-agers and Arborists.

The MTGF-hosted event wassponsored by: Gertens Wholesale, JohnDeere Landscape, JRK Seed and TurfSupply, and Professional WirelessCommunications.

The speakers were James Urban,FASLA, Dr. David Gardner, The OhioState University, and Dr. Bruce Clarke,Rutgers.

JAMES URBAN

James Urban, FASLA, spoke about'Managing Trees in Urban Soils.'

Plant root health is dependent on bothsoil conditions and root conditions thatexist when the tree is planted. In urbanareas, soil conditions are significantlydegraded and modifications to soil or evencomplete replacement of soils will be nec-essary. Once the tree is in the groundthere is often little that can be done toimprove large scale soil issues such ascompaction or poor drainage or thesemodifications become quite expensive.This presentation discussed soil solutionsappropriate to projects in urban soilsranging from dense urban core sites tosuburban development.

James Urban specializes in the designof trees and soils in urban spaces. He haswritten and lectured extensively on thesubject of urban tree planting and hasbeen responsible for the introduction ofmany innovations including most of thecurrent standards relating to urban treeplantings. His 2008 book ‘Up By Roots:

Healthy Trees and Soils in the BuiltEnvironment,’ is becoming one of theprincipal tree and soil references. JamesUrban was instrumental in the develop-ment of structural cells and structuralplanting soils for use under sidewalk pave-ments, and is credited with helping to re-awaken the profession of landscape archi-tecture to the skills required to successful-ly plant trees in difficult urban soils.

DR. DAVID GARDNER

Dr. David Gardner is an associate pro-fessor of turfgrass science at The OhioState University. His research interests arein the areas of pesticide/nutrient fate and

shade stress physiology. He also conductsa large number of herbicide trials eachyear. Dr. Gardner teaches undergraduatecourses in the areas of turfgrass manage-ment, statistics, and landscape horticul-ture.

Dr. Gardner's talked about severalimportant new herbicides that have comeonto the market in the past few years forthe control of broadleaf weeds, includingmesotrione and aminocyclopryachlor. Theuses, advantages and disadvantages ofthese products were discussed, as well ashow these products fit into a weed man-agement program.


National Speakers Highlighted2012 MTGF Super Tuesday

MTGF SUPER TUESDAY SPEAKERS David Gardner, left, The Ohio State University, and Dr.Bruce Clarke, Rutgers. The information they presented, along with a third speaker, James Urban,was very informative and timely.Super Tuesday annually took place on the Tuesday of the MNLA /MTGF Northern Green Expo Week this past January. The 2013 Super Tuesday will focus on PestThreats (See Page 7).

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DR. BRUCE CLARKE

Dr. Bruce Clarke, Rutgers, spokeon the impact of cultural practices onturf diseases.

His session covered the impact ofmanagement practice on turfgrassdiseases, current BMPs for control ofanthracnose and current strategiesfor dollar spot management on golfcourses.

Dr. Clarke, is the vice chair of thedepartment of plant biology andpathology at Rutgers. The principalfocus of his research deals with theidentification and control of abioticand biotic diseases associated withcool-season turfgrasses. To date,research findings have been utilizedby turf managers to reduce pesticideusage through improved manage-ment.

Research also has been initiated todevelop disease forecasting anddetection systems and to identifygenetic resistance to diseases in newand existing turfgrass cultivars.


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FIGHTING BACK!2013 Super Tuesday Will Address

Pest Threats to Minnesota Grounds

Professionals in charge of trees and grounds in cities, golf courses, parks, cemeteries,schools and landscapes are facing a deluge of threats form invasive insect species.

Greatest Threats OverviewEAB, gypsy moth, Japanese beetle, Dutchelm disease, oak wilt and Asian longhornedbeetle.

A Park Without Trees?What would your park, golf course, cemetery or boulevard look like with no trees, treeswith no leaves, or only small trees because you had to start over? Environmentally-testedand EPA-approved products are available to help prevent or control the effects of emer-ald ash borer, Japanese beetle and Dutch elm disease. Tree care professionals can helpyou save mature trees and legacy trees through on-going plant health management.

Replacement OptionsThe best time to plant a tree was 30 years ago...the second best time is today! What treesand shrubs should you be planting to minimize future pest problems?

The Value of Trees: Educating Your Boss, Lawmakers, Residents or ClientsTrees are environmentally priceless! Learn the talking points and approach you need tohave to convince decision-makers about the value of trees. Trees provide shade and tem-perature control, potentially reducing your energy bills 12%; trees can filter air pollutionand noise pollution; trees help restore natural balance in cities by absorbing stormwaterrunoff; trees provide biodiversity and wildlife habitat; trees can increase your home’sproperty value by up to 15%, and trees provide recreation and aesthetic.


The Quick Read

The Japanese beetle (JB) arrived from Japan in 1920 inPennsylvania on potted plants. JB larvae (grubs) are a seriouspest of turf and JB adults feed on foliage of over 300 species ofornamental plants, preferring rose, ivy, linden, and birch. Grubsonly feed on the roots of grass. Adults feed on the top of plants inthe sun and emit a pheromone to attract others. At dark thepheromone is no longer produced and adults are highly mobileand fly from feeding sites during the day to turf at night to layeggs.

Management of newly hatched grubs requires insecticideapplication in May thru early June and again in late July thruAugust. Applications in September will kill grubs if the soil tem-perature remains above 50 degrees F for two weeks, but thesegrubs are larger and more difficult to kill. In mid-June grubspupate and turn into adults so insecticide application is not effec-tive.

Imidacloprid (class neonicoinyl) is less water soluble than thi-amethoxam or clothianidin and has less chance of being washed

off the grass by irrigation and rain. In my research I find imida-cloprid granular formulations (Merit 0.5%) that dissolve slowlycompared to foliar sprays (Merit 2F), to be much more effective.A major issue with killing grubs is that imidacloprid can only beused 1 time in the season at the higher application rate for all for-mulations. If you apply imidacloprid in May at the maximum rateof 0.4lb/acre, then your second application in late July can beanother neonicotinyl such as thiamethoxam (Meridian 0.33G,25WG) or clothianidin (Aloft GCG, Arena .5G, 50 WDG).

In mid July thru Sept you can use halofenozide (Mach 2) orchlorantraniliprole (Acelepryn) on smaller grubs. Both are envi-ronmentally friendly, do not kill predatory insects, and applica-tion can be repeated.

In July, adults that are emerging and are walking on the turfor when sitting on foliage, can be killed with an application ofbifenthrin (Talstar), carbaryl (Sevin), chlorantraniliprole(Acelypyrn), chloropyrifos ( Dursban 50W, PRO), clothianidin(Aloft GCG, Arena .5G, 50 WDG), clothianidin +bifenthrin(Aloft), deltamethrin (Deltaguard), imidacloprid+bifenthrin(Allectus, Atera), lambda-cyhalothrin (Battle, Scnitar) and imida-cloprid (Merit 2F). A soil application of imidacloprid on plantswill kill adults in about one week on shrubs and two weeks ontrees. On shrub roses, JB adults feed on flowers to avoid thespiny leaves and foliar sprays appear to be more effective. A verygood summary of all pesticides for use on golf courses, AG bul-letin 408, is available from North Carolina Cooperative Extensionturf files at http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/PDFFiles/004176/AG408PestControl_Professionals.pdf

Details on JB Life Cycle in Minnesota fromUniversity of Minnesota Extension Bulletin WW0764

In Minnesota JB adults start to emerge from the soil in earlyJuly to fed and lay eggs. An adult female can live for 6 weeks asthey have few natural enemies. Females lay eggs every other day.Eggs take about a week to hatch. If an area has a large number ofadult beetles, then you need to control the grubs in the turf. Theprinciples of IPM advise you to scout for the grubs by cutting theturf near the brown spots and look for the feeding grubs. Smallergrubs are easier to kill.

In the East extremely high populations of beetles were foundin the 1960s, but by 2012 the adult beetles are rarely seen.Research at the Connecticut Agricultural Station demonstratedthat Ovavesicula, a soil-inhabiting biological control microsporid-ian, was killing Japanese beetle grubs in the soil. In 2007, Dr.Dave Smitley of Michigan State University introduced thepathogen to some Michigan golf courses. In 2009 his team con-tinued to collect data that compares populations of Japanese bee-tle at sites where Ovavesicula is active with sites where it isabsent. His data revealed that Ovavesicula reduces survival ofJapanese beetle grubs by 25 to 50% per year. We need to performresearch to introduce these to Minnesota.


Japanese Beetle Invasion: IS THERE A QUICK FIX?

By VERA KRISCHIKAssociate Professor and Extension Specialist

University of Minnesota

SPRING�/�SUMMER�2012�~�MTGF�CLIPPINGS 9

Japanese Beetle -(Continued from Page 8)

Identifying Adult Japanese Beetles

Japanese beetle adults areapproximately 3/8 inches in lengthwith a dark metallic green head andmetallic dark tan wings. Key charac-teristics for adult JB are two whiterear tufts and five white lateral tuftsof hair (Figure 1).

Identifying the grub stage ofJapanese beetles

Japanese beetle larvae or grubsare "C" shaped and live in the soiland feed on grass roots. JB wasrecorded to feed on the roots of corn,beans, tomatoes, and strawberries.

Grubs can be identified to speciesby the pattern of hairs on theirbrown hind ends (raster). Using a 10-power hand lens, you can see that thehairs on the raster of Japanese beetleform a small "V" shape just below theanal slit (Figure 2 on Page 10).


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Figure 1. Adult stages of several white grub species

adult Japanese beetle

Popillia japonica

Japanese beetles have two

white rear tufts and five white

lateral tufts of hair. Adults

found on plants.

adult False Japanese beetle

Strigoderma arbicola

False Japanese beetles lack

the five white hair tufts along

wing margin. Adults

rarely seen.

adult rose chafer

Macrodactylus subspinosus

Rose chafer are a light green

tan color with long legs.

Adults found on plants.

adult May/June beetle

Phyllophaga species

Adults found at lights.

adult masked chafer

Cyclocephala borealis

Adults do not feed so not

found at lights or plants.

adult black turfgrass Ataenius

Ataenius spretulus

The smallest species found

in turf with high organic matter.


Japanese Beetles -(Continued from Page 9)

Scouting for Grubs

Grubs chew off grass roots andreduce the ability of grass to take upenough water to withstand stresses ofhot, dry weather. As a result, large deadpatches of grass develop in grub infest-ed areas. These dead patches can berolled back like a carpet to expose thelack of turf roots. Grubs can be foundin adjacent green areas. Early recogni-tion of the problem can prevent thisdestruction. Starlings and crows, aswell as moles, shrews, and skunks maybe seen digging up grubs, also damag-ing the turf.

Grub populations between 7 and 15per square foot can cause significantdamage to non-irrigated turf. Irrigatedturf can withstand a higher grub countbecause the increase in water compen-sates for the roots chewed off by thegrub.

JB Life Cycle

Adults emerge from the soil in earlyJuly, feed, mate, and lay eggs. In Julyadults are noticed feeding on vines, lin-den trees, roses, and many other orna-

mentals. Activity is most intense over a6 to 8 week period, after which the bee-tles gradually die off. Individual beetleslive about 60 days. Over 2 monthsfemales can lay a total of 60 eggs.

JB adults feed in full sun at the topof plants, moving downward as theleaves are consumed. Odors emittedfrom beetle-damaged leaves causesbeetles to aggregate. Also, adultsrelease an attraction pheromone thatcauses them to aggregate. At dusk, thispheromone is no longer produced andthe females fly to turf to lay eggs.Females burrow 2 to 3 inches into thesoil and lay their eggs. The grubs growquickly and by late September arealmost full-sized (about 1 inch long).When the soil cools to about 60°F inthe fall, the grubs begin to move deep-er. Most pass the winter 2 to 6 inchesbelow the surface, although some maygo as deep as 8 to 10 inches. Grubs feedagain in May when ground tempera-tures are above 50°F (Figure 3).

Timing Pesticide Application

Adults fly long distances to foodplants; so adult infestations do notindicate turf infestations. Timing ofpesticide treatment is important.

Insecticides for grubs can be appliedfrom May through mid-June, whenrecently overwintered grubs (larvae)start feeding. However, these grubs arelarge and may be difficult to kill.Starting in mid- June most grubs are inthe pupal stage and insecticides are noteffective. In early July


y

Figure 2. Grub rastral patterns are used for identifica-tion. The hind end of the grub, its raster, containssutures with hairs. JB has a small "V" shape suturewith hairs. Clockwise from top are rasters of Japanesebeetle, masked chafer, May/June beetle, and black turfgrass Ataenius.


JapaneseBeetles -(Continued from Page 10)

adults emerge to feed onplants, mate, and then atnight fly to grass to layeggs. The best time toapply insecticides forgrubs is from mid-Julyuntil early September.Granular applied insecti-cides distributed on soilwith a spreader are usual-ly the best insecticides forJB (Figure 3).

Insecticide Recommendations

for Grub Control

If many adults are feed-ing on leaves in an area, itdoes not indicate a grubinfestation in the turf. Before applying an insecticide for grubs,make sure you have a large infestation. Look for areas of brownturf and search in adjacent green areas for grubs and pupae.Insecticides are needed to control grubs and adults if the damageis extensive. Irrigating after applying an insecticide improves itsinsect control. However, a significant rainfall shortly after theapplication may reduce the insecticide's concentration beloweffective levels. Infestations should be checked one week after aninsecticide is applied, especially if the original grub populationwas high. If after 10 days the grubs are still alive, apply a differentproduct. Also, read the label carefully for cautions about their use(Tables 1 and 2).

The best time to apply insecticides for grubs is from mid-Julyuntil end of September. Granular applied insecticides distributedon soil with a spreader are usually the best insecticides for JB.There are conventional insecticides that kill grubs (imidacloprid)and biorational insecticides that conserve beneficial insects inturf (halofenozide and Acelepryn). In trials in Ohio milky sporedisease (Bacillus popillae) has not been as successful in killing JBgrubs as was reported in the 1960's. A beneficial nematode,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, attacks JB grubs. Nematodes aremicroscopic parasitic roundworms that transport and feed onbacteria. When they find a grub, the nematodes penetrate thelarva and inoculate it with bacteria, which quickly multiply withinthe grub's body. The nematode then feeds on the bacteria.Nematodes need to be applied to soil at night and the soil mustbe irrigated daily to kill it moist so the nematodes stay alive.

Grub Insecticides

Imidacloprid -- use as from July until early September. Ithas minimal risk to mammals and fish.

Acelepryn -- use from July until end of August to controlsmaller grubs. It paralyzes muscles.

Halofenzide -- use from July until end of August. It mimicsan insect hormone and is best applied when adults are active andlaying eggs. Minimize thatch since heavy thatch will prevent theinsecticide from penetrating to the area where insects are feeding.

Trichlorfon -- is fast-acting, but susceptible to alkalinehydrolysis. It degrades very rapidly in very hard or alkaline wateror in a high pH soil. Half of the active ingredients will be degrad-

ed in 30 minutes at a pH of 9. Do not lime your lawn just beforeor after treatment for the same reason. Trichlorfon can be used asa rescue treatment when damage is observed late in the summer.

Chlorpyrifos -- is only available to golf courses. It is generallynot considered a top choice due to the high binding ability of theactive ingredient to the thatch. It is a good choice for adult


Figure 3. Life cycle of Japanese beetle: egg, grub, and adult stages. In June, the grub turns into a pupa. It emerges from the soil inlate June and July as an adult, to mate and lay eggs. Females live for a few weeks feeding on trees, shrubs and roses in the morn-ing, returning to the turf in the afternoon to lay more eggs. Eggs hatch in July and grubs are almost full grown by late August. Grubsdig deep in the soil for the winter months and then move upward in spring as the soil warms. Grubs do best in warm, slightly moistsoil that has plenty of organic matter and tender grasses. However, they can survive in almost any soil.


adult Japanese beetle control, but is avail-able only to nurseries and golf courses.

Milky spore disease -- is caused bythe bacteria Bacillus popilliae and is soldunder the names of Japidemic Doom andMilky Spore. Recent trials with these for-mulations have not reduced Japanese bee-tle grub numbers in turf.

Insecticide Recommendations For Adult Control

Removing beetles by hand may provideadequate protection for backyards, espe-cially when beetle numbers are low. Thepresence of beetles on a plant attractsmore beetles. Thus, by not allowing bee-tles to accumulate, plants will be lessattractive to other beetles. One of the easi-est ways to remove Japanese beetles fromsmall plants is to shake them off into jarsfilled with soapy water.

With all insecticidal products, foliageand flowers should be thoroughly treated.The application may need to be repeatedto prevent reinfestation. Follow labeldirections and avoid spraying under windyconditions. Never spray when bees are for-aging. Be sure the insecticide is registered

for use on the plant or crop you intend tospray. If it is a food crop, note the mini-mum number of days that must beobserved between the date of the lastapplication and the date of harvest.

Different chemicals are used on adultswhen feeding on foliage. Foliar sprays ofcontact insecticides kill adults and offer

immediate knockdown, such as carbaryl,acephate, pyrethrins, and pyrethroids.Examples include pyrethroid productssuch as cyfluthrin (Tempo, BayerAdvanced Lawn & Garden Multi-InsectKiller), bifenthrin (TalstarOne, Onyx),deltamethrin (Deltagard), lambdacyhalothrin (Scimitar, SpectracideTriazicide), esfenvalerate (Ortho Bug-B-Gon Garden & Landscape Insect Killer)and permethrin (Spectracide Bug StopMulti-Purpose Insect Control Concentrateand other brands). Both pyrethroids andcarbaryl provide around two weeks of pro-

tection. For adults, repeated applicationsmay be necessary because of the relativelyshort residual effect of the pesticides.Insecticides that are advertised as organicusually do not kill adults. Formulationswith pyrethrins and PBO (piponerylbutoxide) are more effective. Neem prod-ucts such as Azatrol may provide about 3-4 days deterrence of feeding. Insecticidalsoap, extracts of garlic, hot pepper, ororange peels, and companion planting, aregenerally ineffective (Tables 1 and 2 onPage 14).

Soil-applied imidacloprid is systemicand translocated around the plant andkills adults when feeding on foliage.However, when adults feed on petals ofshrub roses rather than the spiny leaves,imidacloprid is not effective. Soil-appliedimidacloprid used on linden or basswoodtrees or any plant visited by bees or bene-ficial insects, can potentially kill any beesor beneficial insects feeding on the pollenand nectar in the flowers.

JB Traps: Are They Useful in Controlling JB Adults?

Pheromone traps contain a lure withthe scent of geraniums and rose (geraniol)and the sex pheromone of the JB female.The pheromone is very powerful and will



“The best time to apply insecticides for grubs is

from mid-July until end of September.”

www.MTGF.orgSPRING�/�SUMMER�2012�~�MTGF�CLIPPINGS 13

Table 1. Insecticides to control Japanese beetle grubs and adults. Use for grubs when damage is observed. Use for adults when feeding and damage is observed on ornamentals. If a product does not work, switch to a different insecticide.

common name trade name target class comments Insecticides to control Japanese beetle adults: incomplete list of professional and homeowner products imidacloprid Merit, Grubex,

Menards Grub Control

grubs neonicotinyl Low toxicity to mammals.

halofenozide Mach2 grubs IGR, insect growth regulator; diacylhydrazine

Conserves adult predators.

chlorantraniliprole Acelepryn grubs insect muscles Conserves adult predators. Environmentally friendly. Available to professional applicators.

trichlorfon Dylox grubs organophosphate High toxicity to birds, fish. Do not use nearer than 100 yards from water. Available for homeowner use. Not effective in pH 8 water.

Bacillus popilliae Milky spore, Japademic, Doom

grubs bacteria Not shown to be effective in Ohio State tests.

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

grubs bacteria and nematodes Water before and daily after application.

Insecticides to control Japanese beetle adults: incomplete list of professional and homeowner products carbaryl Sevin adults carbamate High toxicity to bees, earthworms; moderately toxic to birds, fish.

Do not use adjacent to water. Available for homeowner use. bifenthrin Talstar, Menards

Insect Control, many other names

adults pyrethroid High toxicity to honeybees, birds, fish. Do not use nearer than 100 yards from water.

cyfluthrin Tempo, Bayer Advanced Lawn & Garden Multi-Insect Killer),

adults pyrethroid High toxicity to birds, fish. Do not use adjacent to water.

lambda-cyhalothrin

Scimitar, , Spectracide Triazicide

grubs pyrethroid High toxicity to fish.

permethrin Astro, Spectracide Bug Stop Multi-Purpose Insect Control Concentrate

adults pyrethroid High toxicity to fish, bees. For home lawns only.

esfenvalerate Ortho Bug-B-Gon Garden & Landscape Insect Killer)

adults pyrethroid High toxicity to honeybees. Odor may be a problem in public places.

deltamethrin DeltaGard adults pyrethroid High toxicity to birds, fish. Do not use adjacent to water. chlorpyrifos Dursban adults organophosphate High toxicity to birds, fish. Not available for home lawns.

Table 2. For nurseries, insecticides (professional) to add to soil media to control JB grubs.

common name trade name class comment

bifenthrin Talstar pyrethroid For use in containers. imidacloprid Marathon chloronicotinyl For use in containers.


call in beetles from a few thousand feet.Research demonstrated that more beetlesfly toward traps then are caught; resulting

in surplus beetles that feed on your plants.Think twice before purchasing andinstalling a pheromone trap. Some grow-ers have set pheromone traps over basinsfilled with soapy water with a white bot-tom (opaque white plastic bag) to increasethe size of the area to catch beetles. Some

testify that these pools fill with beetlesthat drown in the soap and reduce thenumbers in the area. If you are really frus-trated with JB numbers, please try thismethod and see if JB numbers on yourplants are reduced.


Do You Use Your Pesticide License To Control Vertebrates in

Turf and Ornamentals?By KAY SARGENT

Minnesota Department of Agriculture

Persons holding a Commercial or Noncommercial PesticideApplicator License and certified in the Turf and Ornamental Categoryare qualified to control vertebrate pests at these sites. Examples ofsuch control include using repellants to reduce bird or animal

browsing on ornamentals or using baits to control pests such as molesor voles burrowing in turf.

The use of pesticidal control to mit-igate vertebrate pests has been a partof Category E – Turf and Ornamentalscategory for some time. MinnesotaDepartment of Agriculture (MDA) isunclear whether vertebrate control is atypical part of the job of the person inthe industry or if this is more specialtywork. The MDA would like to obtain aclearer picture of who performs verte-brate control tasks and how it fits inwith other turf and ornamental pestcontrol tasks. This knowledge will helpMDA provide pesticide applicatorswith appropriate licensing categories.

In early May, MDA sent a short sur-vey to companies employing licensed applicators certified in CategoryE - Turf and Ornamentals. Please complete the survey to help MDAunderstand the licensing needs of the pesticide applicators who arecontrolling vertebrates.

www.MTGF.org

MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

MN�Statute�18B.01�

Definitions:�"Pesticide"means�a�substance�ormixture�of�substancesintended�to�prevent,destroy,�repel,�or�mitigate�a�pest�and�asubstance�or�mixture�ofsubstances�intended�foruse�as�a�plant�regulator,�defoliant�or�desiccant.

MNLA/MTGF

PESTICIDERECERTIFICATION

Category A: CORECategory E: TURF & ORNAMENTALS

NOVEMBER 16, 2012SITE TO BE ANNOUNCED

GO TO WWW.MTGF.ORG

FOR UPDATED PROGRAM AND

REGISTRATION INFORMATION


Have you looked at a bluegrass NTEPTrial lately? I’m guessing not and I’d won-der about you if you had. A good numberof you might be wondering, “What’s anNTEP?”

The U.S. Department of Agriculture’sNational Turfgrass Evaluation Programevaluates new and existing turfgrass vari-eties for overall turf quality and perform-ance based on several criteria. There’s anNTEP trial for all turf species includingKentucky bluegrass, the fine fescues, tallfescues, ryegrasses and bentgrasses. Youcan check them all out at www.ntep.org.If you’d like help navigating through thereports or deciphering the results, talk toyour favorite seedman.

In the meantime, you’ll have to take myword for it -- bluegrass varieties are aswidely varied as fish are in the sea. Thereare short ones, tall ones; there are lightgreen ones and dark green ones; somegrow more upright while others grow lowto the ground; there are even some that dowell in light shade while most require fullsun. Because of their broad genetic diver-sity, it’s important to understand thestrengths and weaknesses of each varietywhen selecting the right bluegrass-basedgrass seed mixture.

This issue becomes most critical whenselecting bluegrasses or bluegrass/rye-grass mixtures for seeding new ball fieldsor overseeding existing ones. So how doyou know which ones to use?

Allow me to present Exhibit A -- theBluegrass Classification Chart. Space doesnot allow reproduction in this edition ofMTGF CLIPPINGS. With a bit of effort onyour part, you can print off your very own

copy at: http://www.sroseed.com/resources/pdfs/articles/KB_classifica-tions.pdf

This Bluegrass Classification Systemwas developed by Rutgers University tohelp tell the story I’ve outlined. This par-

ticular version belongs to SRO and was“massaged” by Dr. Leah Brilman, Directorof Turf Research & Technical Services atSeed Research of Oregon. There are 14 dif-ferent classifications, believe it or not. Tosay it in a different way, there are 14 dif-ferent “subsets” of bluegrasses. TheBluegrass Classification System lists mostof today’s commercially available varietiesand categorizes them based on similargrowth characteristics. This particularchart also highlights common traits sharedby varieties within each class. Very cool.Five of these classes are intended for useon high traffic turf much like what youwould find on heavily used athletic fields,courtyards and playgrounds.

The five classes are:

1. Compact2. Compact Midnight3. Compact America4. High Density 5. JuliaThe remaining nine classes, though

worthy of recognition in other applica-tions, are not specifically intended to beused in high-traffic situations. Will yourball fields spontaneously combust if youuse varieties from one of these nine class-es? Of course not. But to expect high per-forming turf on intensely used ball fieldsgrown from these varieties may be wishfulthinking.

Not only do bluegrass varieties fromthese 14 bluegrass classes vary significant-ly in terms of performance, appearanceand turf quality, they also vary greatly interms of cost. You wouldn’t expect aMercedes SUV to be priced the same as aFord station wagon. Nor should youexpect a bluegrass from one of the “Top 5”to cost the same as a Shamrock or BVMG.That’s why when you get quotes for a50/50 Blue/Rye Mix without knowingwhat to ask for, you’ll receive a broadrange of prices from $1.00/lb. up to$2.00/lb. Any 50/50 will serve you wellin that neighborhood park or your neigh-bor’s backyard. But when your sitereceives 150-200 games per season, you’rebest to stick with the Mercedes. Simpletranslation -- consult your seed supplierand specifically request a bluegrass/rye-grass mixture that includes two or morevarieties from one of the five athletic turfbluegrass classes. If you don’t, you’ll bestuck driving that station wagon.

Bluegrasses Are Still KingBut You Can’t Treat Them All Equally

By JOE CHURCHILLReinders, Inc.

“Because of their broad genetic diversity,

it’s important to understand the

strengths and weaknesses of each variety when

selecting the right bluegrass-based grass

seed mixture.”


The Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation, a non-profitorganization, is a partnership of seven turf and grounds relatedassociations representing nearly 2,300 employees in the turf andgrounds industry. The MTGF is also in partnership with theUniversity of Minnesota. The mission of the MTGF is to promotethe green industries in Minnesota through support of research,education and outreach at the University of Minnesota and else-where.

The MTGF pursues its mission in various ways. One of these isan annual "Call for Proposals," titled the "MTGF Research GiftProgram," whereby researchers, instructors and outreach facultyand staff involved in turf and grounds work may submit requestsfor unrestricted gifts to support their activities.

In 2012, along with a commitment $15,000 to a University ofMinnesota Endowment Fund, the MTGF is donating $70,000 tofour projects. The researchers are: Dr. Brian Horgan/EricWatkins; Michelle Grabowski/Jeff Hahn, and Robert Blanchette/Jeffrey Gillman.

U of M On-Line Diagnostic Tool

New this year, MTGF is funding “What’s Wrong With My

Plant? An Online Diagnostic Tool for Insect, Disease and AbioticProblems” by Jeff Hahn, UM Extension Entomologist andMichelle Grabowski, UM Extension Educator – Plant Pathologyand Horticulture. The MTGF will fund $3,000.

U of M TROE Center

Research at the TROE Center is vital for the future develop-ment of our industry and the Research being done at the TROECenter is of great benefit to our members. The MTGF supportsthe work at TROE Center and provided an unrestrictive gift of$50,000.

White Mold

The MTGF also is supporting Michelle Grabowski’s researchon "Testing Annual Bedding Plants for Resistance to White

Mold."

Research on S. sclerotinia on bedding plants and their level ofresistance or susceptibility is beneficial to the grounds managers.The MTGF supports this type of work and provided an unrestrict-ed gift in the amount of $2,000.


www.MTGF.org

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MTGF Funding-(Continued from Page 16)

Dutch Elm Disease

The MTGF is also supporting Robert Blanchette and JeffreyGillman’s research on "Selecting American Elms for Resistance

to Dutch Elm Disease." Research on Dutch Elm Disease-resistantelm cultivars will be very beneficial to the grounds managers. TheMTGF provided an unrestricted gift in the amount of $15,000.

MTGF Mission Statement

The mission statement of the Minnesota Turf and Grounds

Foundation is to promote the green industries in Minnesotathrough support of research, education and outreach at theUniversity of Minnesota and elsewhere.

The MTGF pursues its mission in various ways. One of these isan annual "Call For Proposals," titled the "MTGF Research GiftProgram," whereby researchers, instructors and outreach facultyand staff involved in turf and grounds work may submit requestsfor unrestricted gifts to support their activities. As a 501(c)(3)corporation, funding approved by the MTGF will not be subjectedto overhead or other indirect charges or costs. The dates for sub-mission, review and approval may change on an annual basis aswell as the protocol stipulated for the submission of gift requests.

The MTGF has donated $861,536.07 dollars towards turf andgrounds research from 2001 - 2012. (See chart below)


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The Minnesota Turf and GroundsFoundation (MTGF) is made up of sevenaffiliated groups that deal with the mainte-nance and planning of turf and grounds.One of these associations is the MinnesotaGolf Course Superintendents’ Association(MGCSA).

Since 1927, the MGCSA’s objectivehas been to advance the art and sci-ence of golf course management, tocollect and disseminate practical solutionsto problems with a view to more efficientand economical maintenance and produc-tion of golf courses, and to promote thewelfare of the Superintendent and the pro-fession.

The MGCSA offers a scholarshipprogram designed to assist children andgrandchildren of Class AA, A, SM, C, D,Associate and Affiliate members. TheMGCSA provides scholarships to studentsattending college or vocational programsat any accredited post-secondary institu-tion.

Scottie Hines, CGCS, WindsongFarm GC is president of the MGCSA.Other officers include: Roger Stewart, TPCTwin Cities, Vice-President; Brian Brown,Chisago Lakes GC, Secretary; PaulEckholm, CGCS, Treasurer, and PaulDiegnau, CGCS, Ex-Officio. The board is

comprised of Joe Churchill, Reinders; EricCounselman, Somerby GC; Kerry Glader,

Plaisted Companies; Bill Gullicks,Bellwood Oaks GC; David Kazmierczak,CGCS, Prestwick GC; Matt McKinnon, TheLegacy Courses at Cragun’s; Bob Porter,Hiawatha GC, and Jake Schmitz, OlympicHills CC. Jack Mackenzie currently is theExecutive Director of the association.

The MGCSA conducts monthlymeetings throughout the year for itsmembers. A very popular TurfgrassResearch Benefit Week raises more than$17,000 annually to help support turfgrassresearch.

MGCSA is an association commit-ted to the advancement of the turf-grass industry. The association’s HoleNotes magazine is produced in a digitalformat available at www.mgcsa.org.MGCSA provides its members withnumerous educational opportunitiesincluding the MGCSA Mega-Seminar,Northern Green Expo, Super Tuesday, andPesticide Re-certification opportunities.

(Editor’s Note: For more informationabout the MGCSA, visit www.mgcsa.orgor contact Executive Director JackMacKenzie at 651-324-8873 [email protected].)


ASSOCIATION

SPOTLIGHT

The Beauty of Golfing “Up North”

Since 1921, golf has been an important part of Ruttger’s Bay Lake Lodgein Deerwood, Minn. Carved from 100 cares of rugged north-woods terrain, each hole offers a challenge as well as the beauty of northern Minnesota.

In general, the turf on golf courses survived the mild winter in great shape. Pictured above isPrairie View Golf Links, Worthington, Minn., an acclaimed prairie links golf course that meandersthrough wetlands and natural grasses. The course was inspired by the treeless links where golfwas born.

MINNESOTA GOLF COURSESUPERINTENDENTS’

ASSOCIATION

Green ExpoSponsors

NORTHERN

GREENSM

NORTHERN

GREENSM

Great Start to 2012 at Expo!

P. O. Box 617

Wayzata, MN 55391

MTGF CLIPPINGS is the official publication of theMinnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation. Themagazine is published twice a year - Spring/Summer and Fall/Winter. The magazine is mailedto the members of each of its Allied Associationsin addition to several educational institutions andgovernment agencies.

MTGF ALLIED ASSOCIATIONS

Minnesota Association of Cemeterieswww.mncemeteries.org

Minnesota Educational Facility Management Professionalswww.masms.org

Minnesota Golf Course Superintendents’ Associationwww.mgcsa.org

Minnesota Society of Arboriculturewww.msa-live.org

Minnesota Park and Sports Turf Managers Associationwww.mpstma.org

Minnesota Turf Associationwww.mnturf.org

Minnesota Turf Seed Councilwww.mnturfseed.com

mtgf clippings spring 2012

Documents

yourminnesota turf

mtgf research grants

grounds foundationthe

spring issue of mtgf

funding grants

winter shawn bernick

kingassociation spotlight

early spring