mti rail haulage

8/14/2019 MTI Rail Haulage

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MG 3300 INDEX To Chapter 3 Part 1 Prof. Otuonye Home Page

CHAPTER 2

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RAIL (LOCOMOTIVE) HAULAGE

"hene#e$ la$ge tonnages ha#e to %e t$anspo$ted o#e$ $elati#el& long distances on a

$elati#el& 'lat te$$ain( locomoti#e haulage is o'ten the most e''icient s&stem to use!

ail haulage toda& in mining stands at the c$oss $oads! adical depa$tu$es must %e made

'$om past p$actices and ne) inno#ations made in o$de$ 'o$ $ail haulage to $emain a

#ia%le alte$nati#e in the 'ace o' ne) de#elopments 'o$ the t$anspo$t o' mate$ials in

mines!

Advantages of Rail Haulage

1! *e$& lo) p$oduction costs )he$e p$oduction $e+ui$ements and #olumes ,usti'&

thei$ installation!

2! Small la%o$ 'o$ce $e+ui$ed!-! *e$& #e$satile as to the t&pe o' mate$ials handled!

.! /igh tonnage capacit&

0! Spillage is minimal

! Minimum maintenance $e+ui$ements

! /igh loading and unloading costs can %e ,usti'ied %& econom& o' haul and

high tonnage!

3! 4''icient and cheap o#e$ long distances! Inc$eased haul distance does not

inc$ease costs p$opo$tionall&!

5! T$a''ic cont$ol is simple using t)o6)a& $adios!

17! Can p$o#ide a ce$tain amount o' $egene$ation on do)nhill $uns $esulting in

ene$g& sa#ings!11! 8%ilit& to utilize automatic t$a''ic cont$ol s&stems 9CTC and to ope$ate the

locomoti#es $emotel&! This inc$eases e''icienc& and $educes manpo)e$

$e+ui$ements!

12! Good a#aila%ilit&

isadvantages of Rail Haulage

1! ;ocomoti#es a$e limited to 'ai$l& shallo) g$adients 9mainline t$ac< g$ades o'

2 to - pe$cent ad#e$se to the load and -!0 to . pe$cent 'a#o$a%le to the load a$e

gene$all& used!

2! F$ictional g$ip %et)een the d$i#ing )heels and the $ails also limits the size o't$ain )hich can %e hauled!
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-! Mines conside$ing $ail haulage must ha#e la$ge $ese$#es to suppo$t long li'e

and la$ge p$oduction! Capital intensi#e and on sho$t hauls can=t compete )ith

t$uc


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?oints 8( @( and C $ep$esent the ma>imum po)e$ the locomoti#e can de#elop usuall&

called the t$action $ating and a$e the points no$mall& speci'ied in manu'actu$e$=s details

o' locomoti#es!

a! Size 9standa$d 26.0 tons

%! Must meet schedule 2. 9U!S!@!M! must ha#e sc$u%%e$

$atio o' ai$6'uel speci'icationsA 27620 pa$ts ai$B 1 pa$t 'uel!

2& T'olle! Ele#t'i#6 ha#e a top mounted pantog$aph o$ a side mounted collecto$ to

$ecei#e po)e$ p$o#ided %& an elect$i'ied )i$e!

can p$o#ide a ce$tain o' po)e$ $egene$ation on do)nhill $uns! esults in ene$g&

sa#ings!

gi#e o'' no e>haust 'umes( an ad#antage in tunnels and in p$o#iding a pollution'$ee en#i$onment!

'e)e$ p$o%lems o' cooling moto$s than diesels! /a#e speed ad#antage o#e$

diesels %ecause o' the t$olle& )i$e=s la$ge po)e$ sou$ces!

ma,o$ disad#antages o' elect$ic locomoti#es is the inte$'e$ence to the mining

ope$ation that t$olle& )i$e( poles( and st$uctu$es that ca$$& the )i$e and close

tole$ance $e+ui$ements 'o$ these st$uctu$es gene$ate!

dump settlement ma


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The position o' the line depends on the suppl& #oltage and the 'ield connections and %&

e''ecti#el& #a$&ing these( di''e$ent cha$acte$istics can %e o%tained as sho)n %elo)!8t t$acti#e e''o$t T( the speed ma& %e * 1 ( *2 ( o$ *- depending on the elect$ical

a$$angement! Inte$mediate cha$acte$istics a$e sometimes p$o#ided %& including $esisto$s

in the elect$ic ci$cuitA %ut these a$e o'ten sho$t te$m $ated and so cannot %e used 'o$

continuous ope$ation!

e! 8d#antages o' D!C! moto$s: 6 /igh sta$ting to$+ue

6 o cha$ging

'! Disad#antages: 6 ;imited to those headings )he$e the t$olle& has %een st$ung

6 haza$ds o' e>posed line

6 $ails must %e )ell %onded 'o$ e''icient ope$ation

T!"es of Rail Ca's


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a! Side dump

mo$e #e$satile and usuall& )ith capacities that $ange '$om -7 &d -to 07

&d-!

emplo&ed in ha$d $oc< mines and metal mines!

can dump on eithe$ side!

%! @ottom dump

mo$e p$e#alent in coal mines

'ast unloading

highe$ maintenance costs!

c! ota$& dumping machines

)hich tu$n o#e$ the $ail ca$s 'o$ +uic< dumping o' o$e!

d! oc


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esistance ma& %e conside$ed as coming '$om si> sou$ces!

a!Resistan#e of T'ailing Load (+ea'ing , t'a#*)- RL6 The 'o$ce that the load must

o#e$come to sta$t it on a le#el t$ac

The amount o' $esistance o''e$ed %& the t$ailing load is e>p$essed in pounds pe$ ton o'load hauled! Fo$ mine )o$< it #a$ies %et)een 1 and 2E o' the g$oss load! olle$

%ea$ings a$e conside$ed as ha#ing a $esistance o' 1E 927 l%Bton! ?lain %ea$ings a$e

conside$ed as ha#ing a $esistance o' 1!0E 9-7 l%Bton!

Fo$ e>ample( assuming a t$ain o' ca$s )ith plain %ea$ings and )eighing 7 tons( the

$olling $esistance )ould %e 7 > -7 1377 l% )hich is the 'o$ce necessa$& to sta$t the

load on a le#el t$ac

esistance o' t$ailing load( RL

RL. L / 'esistan#e (0) / 21 l+

. L / R / 21

. 21LR l+ton

)he$e: ; is the )eight o' the t$ailing load in tons!

is the $esistance in E

%!Rolling 'esistan#e of Lo#o$otive- R

8mount o' d$a)%a$ pull o$ t$acti#e e''o$t $e+ui$ed to o#e$come the $eta$ding e''ect

%et)een the )heels and t$ac

esistance o''e$ed %& the locomoti#e )hen the moto$ pinion is $emo#ed! Usuall& ta


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%11 . (') (%&345 / %162)

' . 5371 ft&

c 7!3 9l%Bton B deg$ee 9o$mall& used #alue

Deg$ee o' Cu$#e 0-7 B adius in 'eet!

8lte$nati#e e+uation 'o$ dete$mining cu$#e $esistance is gi#en as:

c

)he$e: @ is the )heel%ase o' the )agons( 't( is t$ac< gauge in 't( $ is the $adius o'

cu$#e in 't!

d!G'ade Resistan#e- Rg

The g$ade $esistance is the d$a)%a$ pull o$ t$acti#e e''o$t $e+ui$ed to o#e$come g$a#it&

in p$opelling a locomoti#e up an incline! 4>p$essed in deg$ees 9( and pe$centages 9E!

G$ade $esistance( g GE " tons

27 G" l%

27 G l%Bton

"he$e " is the )eight o' the locomoti#e 9tons and g is the g$ade in E!

G$ade $esistance must %e conside$ed 'o$ the t$ailing load and the locomoti#e! G$ades a$e

no$mall& 0E!

e!Level of 'a8+a' Pull (P)

De'ined as the 'o$ce e>e$ted on the coupled load %& a locomoti#e th$ough its d$a)%a$ o$

coupling and is the sum o' the t$acti#e $esistances o' the coupled load!

The d$a)%a$ pull )hich a locomoti#e is capa%le o' de#eloping is dete$mined %&

su%t$acting '$om the t$acti#e e''o$t( the sum o' the t$acti#e $esistances o' the locomoti#e!

D? T$acti#e e''o$t 6 sum o' t$acti#e $esistance o' locomoti#e!

8dhesion %et)een the )heel t$ead o' the locomoti#e and the steel $ails is )hat pe$mits

the load to %e sta$ted and


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27E 'o$ cast i$on t$eads

20E 'o$ steel

T$acti#e 4''o$t 6 total 'o$ce deli#e$ed %& the moti#e po)e$ o' the locomoti#e th$ough

the gea$ing at the )heel t$eads! "hen the t$acti#e e''o$t 'o$ce is g$eate$ than the p$oducto' the locomoti#e )eight and the coe''icient o' adhesion %et)een the )heels and $ails(

the )heels )ill slip!

T$acti#e e''o$t E o' adhesion > "

"he$e: " the )eight o' locomoti#e 9tons

8 adhesion in E!

Conditions E 8dhesion

D$& $ails 20E

D$& $ails 9sanded $ails --E

"et $ails 0610E

@$a


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The$e'o$e( the 'o$ce $e+ui$ed to impa$t an accele$ation o' 1 mphps to a )eight o' one

ton is 51!- l%!

In actual calculations( 177 l%Bton instead o' 51!1 l%Bton a$e used as the 'o$ce necessa$& to

gi#e 1 ton an accele$ation o' 1 mphps %ecause $otational accele$ation o' the )heels(

moto$s( gea$s $e+ui$es app$o>imatel& 3! l%! Total 951!- H 3! l%s o$ 177 l%Bton!

I' accele$ation o$ decele$ation is conside$ed( the& must %e applied to %oth the t$ailingload and the locomoti#eA

Ra. %11a 9 l+

o' Ra. %11a l+ton

)he$e a is the accele$ation in miles pe$ hou$ pe$ second!

:'a*ing Effo't

The )eight o' the locomoti#e selected 'o$ sta$ting and hauling the load should %ein#estigated 'o$ stopping the t$ain!

"hen the po)e$ is shut o'' and the t$ain allo)ed to coast do)n g$ade( it is aided %&

g$a#it& to the e>tent o' 27 l%Bton 'o$ each pe$cent o' g$ade! ?lain %ea$ings $eta$d the

t$ain at -7 l%Bton!

T$acti#e e''o$t 27E 'o$ cast i$on th$ead

20E 'o$ steel th$ead

@$ea


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RAILROA HAULAGE CALCULATIO;


11/23


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D? H ;gH ; ;a

D? ;a6 ;g6 ;

D? ;9a6 g6

%! T$acti#e e''o$t $e+ui$ed )hile %$a


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D? H g ;H aH C

D? ;H a 6 gH C

;;H 177a; 6 27G; H C;

D? ;9;H 177 a 6 27G H C 9l% hauling

2& T'a#tive Effo't 'e=ui'ed fo' auling 8en g'ades a'e in favo' of loads

TeH ;gH ;g "H "aH ;H ;aH "CH ;C


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Te ;9;6 ;gH ;aH ;CH 9"H "gH "aH "C"

D$a)%a$ ?ull de#eloped %& locomoti#e on g$ades in 'a#o$

o' loads

27 8" 9;;6 27 G; H 177a; H ;C H ""6 27G" H177a" H "C

"9278 6 "H 27G 6 177a 6 C ;9;6 27G H 177a H

C

"eight o' locomoti#e $e+ui$ed )hen hauling on g$ades in 'a#o$ o' loads

9l% hauling

7& :'a*ing on g'ades in favo' of loads@

a! D$a)%a$ ?ull

D? H ;; ;8H ;G

D? ;G6 ;;H ;8

27G; 6 ;;H 177a;

D? ;927G 6 ;H 177a

%! T$acti#e 4''o$t

TeH ""H ;; "gH "aH ;aH ;g


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Te 6 ""6 ;;H "gH "aH ;aH ;g

Te 6 ""6 ;;H 27G" H 177a" H 177a; H 27G;

Te "927G 6 "9 7H 177a H ;927G 6 ;H 177a

Cis ze$o )hen %$a


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cu$#es o' the moto$s in the p$oposed locomoti#e!

CHARACTERI


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chosen!

4stimate o' continuous6cu$$ent demand o' dut& c&cle is o%tained %& the $ms 9$oot6

mean6s+ua$e method %&:

a! di#iding dut& c&cle into main sections $e+ui$ing di''e$ent t$acti#e e''o$t #alues%! selecting the co$$esponding amps and speed 'o$ each t$acti#e e''o$t #alue '$om the

cha$acte$istic cu$#e o' the moto$!

c! calculating '$om the speci'ic mph and length o' the section( the speci'ic time 'o$ each

section!

d! adding the p$oducts o' the s+ua$es o' the speci'ic ampe$es and the $especti#e #alues

o' time 9I2> t

e! di#iding the sum %& the e''ecti#e time( te

teis usuall& calculated %& locomoti#e manu'actu$e$s as total time H total idle o$ te$minal

time )hen moto$s a$e cooled %& 'o$ced #entilation o$ total $unning time H one6hal' idleo$ te$minal time )hen sel' #entilating moto$s and speci'ied!

$!m!s! cu$$ent


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I$ms should %e less than the

continuous cu$$ent $ating 'o$

e''icient se$#ice!

Moto$ ?e$'o$mance Cu$#es o$ Cha$acte$istic Cu$#es

Eample( at 7!-h$( the cu$$ent

is 207 ampsA at 7! h$( it is 277 ampsA at 1 h$( it is 100 ampsA at 1!0 h$( it is 123 ampsA at

2 h$s( it is 11- ampsA at 2!0 h$( it is 172 ampsA at -h$s( it is 5 ampsA at -!0h$( it is 57

ampsA at 3 h$s( it is 7 amps!

@& use o' the 'o$mula ( )e o%tain #alues that a$e plotted against 0 in


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'ig 1! F$om Fig 1 )e 'ind the #alues 'o$ the 2!0C cu$#e! These

#alues )ith the actual moto$ amps ma& %e sol#ed 'o$ the time! 8 continuous $ating o$

constant temp is assumed to occu$ a'te$ the moto$ has $un continuousl& 'o$ 3 h$s!

The ampe$es 'o$ the 0C cu$#e a$e plotted against thei$ e+ui#alent time in the 2!0C

cu$#e! "e 'ind that the 1h$ $ating has dec$eased to a%out 02 amps!

I' the dut& c&cle $e+ui$es a $ating o' 1!0 amp!( then the locomoti#e selected is not la$ge

enough to pe$'o$m the )o$< satis'acto$il& unless au>ilia$& #entilation is used!


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Continuous cu$$ent $ating

8ssume continuous cu$$ent $ating at sea6le#el is the #e$tical line tangent to 0 cu$#e!

MOTOR HOR


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22/23

"he$e T total tons hauled 9including locomoti#e

D distance o' each section

G g$ade E


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%! %& h&d$aulic moto$s o$ ai$ tu$%ines in gass& o$ e>plosi#e en#i$onments

c! almost uni#e$sall& %& elect$ic moto$s!

I' an induction moto$ is d$i#en %& its load in the same di$ection as the $otation o' the

'lu>( its speed $ises a%o#e s&nch$onous speed! The moto$ acts as an induction gene$ato$(ta