mu library program document

Library Program Document

Ganser Library

Millersville University

DRAFT

Modified for Shell Scheme

May 2009

Revised April 2010

Table of Contents

Introduction 3Planning Assumptions & General Building Issues 7Individual Area Profiles

Entrance 8Outdoor Reading Garden 9Access Services 10Browsing Collection 11Reference & Government Documents 12Reference Librarians’ Offices 13Classrooms 14Stacks 15

Study/Reading Areas16Group Study Rooms 17Café and 24 hour Study Area 18Restrooms (ADA compliant) 19Exhibit Area 20

Atrium/Meeting/Programming Space21 Instructional Technology Labs/Commons

22Faculty Collaboration Space 23Curriculum Materials Center/Children’s Literature Area 24Archives & Special Collections 25

Technical Services26Administrative Suite 27IT/Systems Office 28Conference/Meeting room 29

Staff Lounge30Loading Dock 31Receiving Room 32Mailroom 33

Custodial Storage and Trash Room34 Storage Area (Old Acquisitions Room)

35Storage Closets & Disaster Response Materials 36

AppendicesAction Document 37Square Footage 43Area Relation Drawing 44Access Services Drawing 45

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Introduction

The Millersville University Library Looks to the Future

The second floor of the library is filled with excited school children who have come to the library to participate in Read Across America, a day filled with activities to celebrate reading and to honor Dr. Seuss. After hearing stories and participating in craft activities, the children listen to The Cat in the Hat read aloud and enjoy a piece of cake to celebrate Dr. Seuss’ birthday….

Two groups of students are clustered at tables in Special Collections pondering crime in 1822 in Lancaster. Reading carefully through the Confession of John Lechler and the printed account of the trial, they take turns reading, listening, and asking questions. Nearby, another group of students is reading confessions signed by students at Millersville in the late 1880s. They wonder about campus culture at the time, and look for additional sources to help understand why playing cards or talking with members of the opposite sex require reading aloud full confessions in the principal’s office. Others make use of the digital Snapper, the Lancaster Journal, the Columbia Spy, or Early American Imprints, to find additional electronic primary sources with more information….

On the first floor, groups of students are gathered around tables with laptops preparing for group presentations in education classes. Several have moved the tables over toward the electrical outlets, so that laptops can be plugged in while they work. In the living room, students have rearranged the furniture so that they can sit on the sofas and comfortable chairs while discussing their group project. Another group crowds around a computer in the reference area discussing the merits of the resources they have found and how they can use them in their class presentation….

A reception in the library lobby welcomes friends and visitors to meet Carter G. Woodson lecturer James McBride, who signs copies of his book before walking over to Lyte auditorium for his presentation (sponsored by University Theme Program, Carter G. Woodson Lecture, Freshman Orientation, Frederick Douglass Celebration of Black Culture, Commission on Cultural Diversity and Cultural Affairs Committee)…

These scenes come from special events and the daily experiences of students in Ganser Library at Millersville. Libraries have changed significantly over the 150 years since the first libraries on Millersville’s campus were started and in the 40 years since Ganser Library was built. Students and other researchers still need books for their research projects, but the use of the building has changed dramatically. In fact, people may wonder, why come to the library when so much is available electronically? While the library has made it a priority to provide electronic access to all kinds of resources anywhere on campus and around the world, the library building remains one of the busiest places on campus. With over 225,000 visits each year, the building sees higher numbers than basketball or football games, concerts, or other campus events.

Changing Student Needs and Changing Learning SpacesIn the 40 years since Ganser Library was designed and constructed, the university community has experienced remarkable changes. Like universities across the country, Millersville continues to implement programs and develop new curriculum which reflect the changing nature of the student population, new uses of technology, and new perspectives about teaching and learning. When Ganser Library was planned in 1965, there were 2505 students in 26 undergraduate programs at Millersville, along with 262 faculty, staff and administrators. The University Library now serves 8300 students in 75 graduate and undergraduate programs, more than

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1000 faculty, staff, and administrators and a significant number of library patrons from the greater community.

Changes will continue to accelerate as the university community moves forward into the 21st century, with learning technologies paving the way for innovative and enhanced services. Research studies on this generation of learners, the Millennials, demonstrate that collaboration, multi-tasking, and gaming make them unique compared to generations that have come before (Sweeney, 2005). As digital natives, Millennials value continuous communication while embracing experiential learning. Results of a recent study at the University of Rochester find that “students prefer to learn anywhere they may be, in social settings as well as academic, using digital technology in ways that suit them individually” (Foster & Gibbons, 2007, p. 68). Millennials seek both quiet study spaces and noisy collaborative group work spaces in libraries, as well as extended hours and social gathering places such as cafés offering food and drink.

Learning spaces in the 21st century will continue to be driven by technologically-rich, flexible, multi-purposed and reconfigurable working and social spaces which will form the “social and academic hub of the campus” (JISC Design Group, 2006, p. 22). An important evolutionary component of these learning spaces is wireless and connected learning technologies, as well as visual and interactive learning technologies (pp. 6-7).

New designs emphasize “high-quality social space as a central focal point in the building, which caters to the needs of all users of the building—visitors, staff, learners and potential learners of all abilities. The area is both a public facility providing meals and refreshments, and a place where learners and staff can meet for short meetings. Wireless enabled, it is not set apart from learning – student services may also be located adjacent to this space to take advantage of its widespread use. Learners’ views are key to getting the balance of the design right, and their opinions should be sought at an early stage in its development” (JISC, 2006, p. 28). John Seely Brown notes that “learning is a remarkably social process….it occurs not as a response to teaching, but rather as a result of a social framework that fosters learning” (p. 29).

Role of LibrariesIt is an exciting time to work in academic libraries. As our university library begins to prepare for renovations, our vision for the library’s future is being driven by students and what they need. Across the country, university libraries are creating new physical places to facilitate student learning. Changes in curriculum require students to collaborate in their research projects and the library provides the ideal physical location for that to happen. The solitary researcher heading for a carrel hidden away on a balcony is increasingly in the minority.

Libraries play an essential role in helping students develop skills in information literacy. This is achieved through collaboration with classroom faculty, joining our skills in “information and knowledge management, metadata creation” with the content students are learning and creating as they collaborate on projects. Libraries have exemplified “the notion that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Collaboration has built the foundations of modern librarianship and must form the foundation of the new ‘infosphere’ in which libraries and allied organizations marry technology with collaboration to deliver services to the information consumer” (2003 OCLC Environmental Scan).

As libraries continue to serve as partners with other academic departments, the library is often the place where students are engaged in constructing knowledge. The idea “that knowledge is actually created in the library as well as stored there in the form of collections and accessed via staff skill” is driving much of the change in academic libraries. As a result, in planning new and

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renovated library facilities, “it is not the offering of a broad range of services which underlies the planning and architectural goals, but rather the facilitating of student-driven learning. The quality of the enterprise will be measured by the degree to which libraries succeed in triggering and nurturing students’ curiosity and intellectual growth” (Garten and Williams, 2006, pp. 1-2).

Joe Lucia, Director of Libraries at Villanova University, describes 21st century libraries as “flexible physical facilities rather than book warehouses, which are designed to support diverse learning modes, featuring ‘inspirational’ spaces for private study, seminar rooms, technology-rich collaboration environments, digital classrooms, consultation areas, social & event spaces, and reconfigurable, well-lit collections storage & use areas. This cultivation of the library as an Intellectual Center on campus includes sponsorship of events to foster dialog and interaction among the disciplines, among students, faculty and staff outside the classroom, enhancing the university intellectual climate” (Lucia, 2006, p.5).

Academic libraries provide physical spaces and faculty leadership to celebrate culture, facilitate interdisciplinary learning, and provide opportunities for students to construct knowledge through interaction with information resources, technology, and other learners.

Plans for the FutureOur students give us our vision for the new library at Millersville: it’s not just about book stacks and quiet places to study; it is a vital center of learning and intellectual exchange at the center of university life, a place where people can come for inspiration, for collaboration, for celebration of intellectual and cultural life. We are planning for expanded technological and physical resources, programming and exhibit areas, as well as much needed climate-controlled and secure space for Archives & Special Collections. Plans will address the needs for ADA access for all students; open and attractive architectural design with improved access to services and materials, natural lighting and environmentally-friendly materials, and a centrally located café. We are planning for a building that meets structural needs for weight of materials, with an HVAC system upgrade that will meet current and future needs.

As we plan for the renovation of the library at Millersville, and its role as the intellectual and cultural center of campus, the faculty and staff of the Millersville University Library welcome your insights for the future of the library. Go to the “what is a library” presentation on the library website: www.library.millersville.edu, under About the Library, watch the short presentation and give us your responses.

As school children come to the library for events like Read Across America, campus and community members attend exhibit openings and author receptions, and as students continue to make the best of a building that was designed for a very different learning environment, we will continue to provide opportunities for people to engage with ideas, and with each other. We look forward to experiencing all of the ways in which our renovated library will facilitate these interactions.

SourcesEnvironmental Scan:Pattern Recognition.A Report to the OCLC Membership.

(2003). Dublin, OH: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Available: http://www.oclc.org/reports/escan/

Foster, N. F. and Gibbons, S. (2007). Studying Students: The UndergraduateResearch Project at the University of Rochester. Chicago: IL: Association of College and Research Libraries. Available:

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http://www.oclc.org/reports/escan/

http://www.library.millersville.edu/

http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlpubs/downloadables/Foster-Gibbons_cmpd.pdf

Garten, E. D. & Williams, D. E. (2006). Repurposing older libraries for new times: Creating new learning space. Library Issues 26 (4).

JISC. (2006). Designing Spaces for Effective Learning: A Guide to 21st Century Learning Space Design. Bristol, England: JISC. Available: www.jisc.ac.uk/elearning_innovation.html

Lucia, J. (2006). Millersville University Libraries Site Visit & Consulting Report, LibraryProgram Review, April 2006.

Sweeney, R. T. (2005). Reinventing library buildings and services for the millennialgeneration. Library Administration & Management 19 (4), 165-175.

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http://www.jisc.ac.uk/elearning_innovation.html

http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlpubs/downloadables/Foster-Gibbons_cmpd.pdf

Planning Assumptions & General Building Issues

The completion of an addition to and renovation of Ganser Library will create a welcoming environment for learning, collaboration, creation of knowledge and celebration of culture in a flexible, innovative, and technology-rich building that will serve as an academic and social hub of campus and a center of learning for the community.

The renovated building will reflect the unique character, history and contributions of the university to the community and to higher education

The building will have flexible, reconfigurable, collaborative study and work spaces for researchers and for staff

The building will be as green as possible, utilizing natural materials, and energy options where possible

There will be an intuitive layout and design/flow throughout the building with ease of access to services and collections. Collections and services will be organized logically with sensible adjacencies and space will facilitate workflow.

Offices are comfortable, well-lit and close to appropriate areas and people. Signage will be replaced throughout the building with interior spaces that assist with

flow of materials and services Existing floor construction will be assessed to verify the carrying capacity for

compact shelving units where utilized. Electricity will be upgraded throughout the building, with sufficient access for

researchers, offices, and technology HVAC will be completely replaced, with capability for local controls of temperature.

There will be improved air quality throughout the building. Lighting will be replaced¸ allowing for energy efficient and welcoming environment

throughout the building. Lighting in stack areas will have local/motion sensitive controls, with centralized controls for closing procedures. Lamps will allow for directed lighting in living room, table and research carrel areas. More windows will allow for increased natural lighting throughout the building.

The elevators and stairways will be easy to locate and will offer access to every floor, including balcony levels.

A new PA/communication system will be installed. Clocks will be easily accessible for time changes and other maintenance, located in

entrance, workrooms, service points, reading areas, and near elevators on each floor. A warm and inviting (not trendy) color scheme will provide a welcoming and

attractive atmosphere throughout building. Furniture will be comfortable, warm in color (natural materials) and sturdy, light

weight and movable, easily repairable. Comfortable reading areas, nooks and window benches will be located throughout

the building. There will be wireless access throughout and there will be enough space for current

and future technology needs. There will be enough space for all telecommunications needs—cabling, wiring,

network access, electricity. HVAC in Special Collections will have local temperature and humidity controls. The

Special Collections area will be secure, and will include a vault for the most valuable materials. Lighting in Special Collections will be tailored to the needs of the materials.

Name of Activity: Entrance

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Net Area: 1,500 SF

Function:

The new entrance serves as welcoming entry way into the library. An open and attractive space with lots of windows, this entrance has clear sight lines to appropriate service points, allows for easy access to needed information, and offers a place for people to gather.

Space Requirements:

The new entrance should be able to accommodate groups of 20-30 people with temporary but comfortable and attractive seatingSecurity system at interior entryInformation kiosk/flat screen TVElectricity for temporary video/media displaysDistribution place for flyers, informationDirectory for offices, service areasLocation close to front door where hours information can be postedFully handicapped accessibleMain entrance clearly identifiable from outside front of buildingLimited exhibit area with locking casesStained glass windows

Relation to Other Areas:

Direct sight lines to services such as circulation and reference. Near the circulation desk for assistance when exit alarm goes off. Close to new expanded cafe and 24 hour study space. Flow into other areas of library should be intuitive. The new entrance extends its welcome outward with a reading and sculpture garden, designed by Millersville students.

Environment:

Welcoming and attractive in terms of lighting and decor. Warm, friendly colorsNatural lightProtection from exterior heat/coldNo concrete—a surface that is slip resistant, easy to clean and environmentally friendly

Special Considerations: The entrance is the essential first point of contact with the university community. It should incorporate a flexible, reconfigurable design to anticipate changing needs over time.

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Name of Activity: Outdoor Reading Garden

Net Area: 2000 SF

Function:

The outdoor reading garden extends the welcoming atmosphere of the new entrance into the historic part of campus. The reading garden will join the outside space with the inside space, drawing people into the redesigned library building. This feature is in keeping with the University master plan which calls for outdoor plazas that can accommodate special events and various kinds of gatherings, including projected wall art installations, dance, films, and outdoor receptions/dinners.

Space Requirements:

2000 SF including plants, benches, sculpture, and water feature.


Near the new entrance, can be accessible in part to outside seating for café.

Environment:

With comfortable outdoor seating, native plantings and sculpture designed by Millersville students, the reading garden will offer a place for reflection and rest. It will also be used for special events.

Special Considerations:

The reading garden will be partially enclosed to create a separate but welcoming area for campus visitors, students, and community members (the gardens outside the Hintz Family Alumni Center at Penn State provide a good example of preserving green space on campus with gardens http://www.alumni.psu.edu/centertour/exterior/default.htm).

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http://www.alumni.psu.edu/centertour/exterior/default.htm

Name of Activity: Access Services

Net Area: 3500

Function: The Access Services unit is responsible for the circulation of resources, the preparation and presentation of reserved resources (print and digital), the duplication and electronic delivery of paper and microfilm formats, interlibrary lending and borrowing, and stack maintenance.

Supervisor/Personnel: 1 librarian; 3.5 support staff members

Space Requirements: The ongoing tasks of receiving, processing, and delivering library resources requires efficient use of space to insure that materials are returned to the shelves or delivered promptly. Traffic flow and work processes are significant factors impacting the design and layout of this work space. This area will require:

service counter with adequate space designated foro checking materials out o checking materials in o laptop circulationo desensitizing unitso public use staplers and hole punch

need to accommodate behind or underneath the service counter (but not in behind-the-scenes area)

o storage for > 50 laptops, accessories, and recharging equipmento shelving for reserve materialso shelving for materials awaiting pick upo storage for frequently used forms, flyers and fileso separate workstation for student supervisors with computer

a large behind-the-scenes student assistant work area adjacent to the circulation desk and offices, which needs to accommodate

o interlibrary loan work areao packing and unpacking areas for mailing and receiving interlibrary loanso staff lockerso book truck storage areao storage areas for cleaning and mailing supplieso storage areas for library paper (10-20 boxes) and toner (3-4 boxes)o duplication service equipment (scanners, photocopiers) and workstationso processing space for reserveso work space for 4-6 students (at a time)o wall space for bulletin and white boards

sorting areas for re-shelving (located adjacent to the check-in area) - can be in public area 1 faculty, 4 staff offices (equipped with desks and appropriate furniture) with doors and

outside windowso at least two staff offices with clear view of circulation desko at least two staff offices with clear view of behind-the-scenes work area

sink or close proximity to staff restrooms electric outlets security system at entrance to building and next to the service counter conference room

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Relation to Other Areas: This is a prominent point of service for the university library. This unit should be placed near the main entrance, and configured in such a way that staff members are clearly visible and services are clearly understood. The area should be near security gates, alarm panels, PA system, any centralized lighting controls.

Environment: Open space, natural light, carpeting, adequate heating and air conditioning, ventilation for equipment (scanners and photocopiers).

Special Considerations: It is desirable to keep the Circulation and Interlibrary Loan units in the same area. The duplication equipment must be near ILL for workflow and supervisory purposes.

Name of Activity: Browsing collection

Net Area:

500 SF?

Function:

An area dedicated to browsing collections will be used to display DVDs and new books/materials grouped by theme.

Supervisor/Personnel:

Reference/Circulation staff

Space Requirements:

This area will require shelving that works well for displaying the DVD collection, as well as featured new and other library materials related to targeted audiences or special themes.

Relation to Other Areas:Close to the entrance, this area will have open sight lines to the circulation desk.

Environment:In addition to appropriate shelving, this area will require comfortable seating.


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Name of Activity: Reference,Government Documents, & Reference Offices

Net Area:

10860 SF including Government Documents and offices.

Function:

The reference area is an important instructional area within the library. Here students and researchers meet with library faculty members to explore research topics, find assistance in locating appropriate materials, and develop critical thinking skills. Reference librarians connect students with specialized units of the library, subject specialists among the library faculty, and campus support services. Reference interactions with students are essential instructional opportunities. Library faculty members engage with student research questions in order to model appropriate and effective methods for selecting research tools, conducting information searches, and retrieving and evaluating needed sources of information.

Supervisor/Personnel: 10 librarians work in the busy reference area, generally one at a time during reference service hours

Space Requirements:

The reference desk will have varying heights to accommodate both seated and standing reference interactions. A computer workstation will be designed for collaboration between reference librarians and researchers. This service area will be modular, and serve as an easily identifiable single point of service. Shelving will be half-height over a 2000 SF area. Computer workstations will be configured to accommodate quick use as well as more extended use.


Reference area will be near IT desk and tutoring services. Open sight lines to circulation desk. The reference area will be close to reference librarians’ offices.

Environment:

Larger windows, lots of natural lightCurves, in desk, in carpeting, in furniture throughout areaEasy to see where everything isNatural light, shading options for different times of day If we have to use fluorescent lights, use full spectrumA quiet reading area/ glass walls or partitionsSpecial Considerations: Cabling under floors and behind walls. Upgraded electricity for additional laptop charging locations, multi-media technology commons areas for collaborative work.

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Name of Activity: Reference Librarians’ Offices

Net Area: 1,830 SF

Function:

Library faculty members utilize office space to meet with students and each other, to complete work on departmental and research projects. Office space is currently distributed throughout the building. The goal is to bring these offices in proximity to one another and the reference area.

Space Requirements:

9 faculty offices @ 170SF each. This area will also contain a 300 SF smart/technology- equipped conference room for meeting and work related projects.


Offices will be close to one another, to the conference room, and to the reference area.

Environment:

Attractive, comfortable, with working heat and air conditioningWell-lit, natural lightUpgraded electricityErgonomic and attractive workstations, book cases, filing cabinets, comfortable seating for visitorsFloor to ceiling walls. Doors that easily lock and unlock, open in and not outIf possible, windows that open


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Name of Activity: Classrooms - 2

Net Area: 2200 SF

Function:

Library faculty members design and deliver formal course-integrated instruction sessions in collaboration with faculty in disciplines across campus, creating learner-centered content. They assist learners in assessing their own information needs, in differentiating among sources of information, and in developing skills to effectively identify, locate, and evaluate sources. Well designed classrooms are essential for this important learning process. Both classrooms will have appropriate technology, suitable lighting, acoustics and an easily reconfigurable arrangement.

Supervisor/Personnel: 10 library faculty members will utilize these classrooms.

Space Requirements:

One classroom will accommodate 40 students and the other will serve smaller classes with 15- 20 students. Both classrooms will include: smart instructor stations, workstations for each student, coat racks or hooks, white boards, space for networked printers, projection equipment or flat screen TVs, storage space. In addition, the space will be configured so that groups can work together easily, and that handicapped accessible space is available for at least two students.


The classrooms should be within easy access of the main entrance to the building. Both classrooms do not have to be in the same location.

Environment:

Rooms should be sound proof and have good sound systems. They can be interior rooms. If windows are present, they should be equipped with room darkening shades. The rooms will have variable lighting options, including dimmer switches some or all of the lights. The classrooms will be equipped with comfortable, reconfigurable furniture and workstations.


It is important that there be sufficient space for students to work in groups and for the instructor to be able to confer and provide assistance. Consideration should be given to providing wheeled workstations with wireless connections for maximum flexibility. Both classrooms should be designed to be as flexible as possible to accommodate advances in technology.

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Name of Activity: Stacks

Net Area: 18,000 SF

Function:

House and provide open access to the general collections, periodicals, and microforms. Where possible, these collections should be housed in compact shelving on floors strengthened for this purpose. The original 22000 sqft footprint was for static shelving units.

Supervisor/Personnel:Access Services staff

Space Requirements:

To accommodate the total volumes listed (as of June 30, 2008):General collections: 394, 617Bound periodicals: 40,220Microforms: 86,797Small current periodicals area


Each stack area must be accessible by elevators with clear signage for location of specific ranges of call numbers.

Environment:

Floors must sustain the weight of compact shelving units. Stack areas must have adequate lighting with local controls/motion detection for range/row specific lights.


Width of aisles between fixed shelving units and open compact shelves must meet ADA requirements.

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Name of Activity: Study/Reading Areas

Net Area: 11,000 SF

Function:

Comfortable well-lit areas for reading, study, and group use distributed throughout the building, with ample electricity for laptops, task lighting, and wireless access. We would like to include small reading areas with comfortable furniture wherever possible within the building, not just in designated reading/living room areas.

Space Requirements: 1600 SF for individual research carrels 5400 SF for a variety of table types throughout building for individual and group

work4000 SF for living room/comfortable seating throughout building


Environment:

Expanded comfortable seating in living room, glass-enclosed porch areas, reading/study nooks and window benches throughout the building to provide for the variety of study spaces needed by students individually and in groups. Expanded and reconfigurable seating and table areas for students and researchers. Warm inviting colors, natural light.


These areas will be have lamps and will have upgraded electricity for laptops and other portable devices.

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Name of Activity: Group Study Rooms -- at least 10

Net Area: 2200 SF

Function:

A variety of flexible multi-media learning spaces for students and researchers, both individual and collaborative, with appropriate access to technology, electrical power and network, etc.

Space Requirements:

Group study spaces can be a variety of sizes and types. All require electrical outlets, whiteboards or some writing surface, comfortable seating and tables. Some are technology-equipped. Closed rooms need large window into hallway. Not all spaces need to be completely enclosed or exactly alike. Small enclosed areas with glass walls, tables and chairs can provide what some groups need for studying, including using the glass walls for writing (see University of Rochester: http://www.rochester.edu/pr/Review/V69N5/index.html; http://www.rochester.edu/currents/V35/V35N10/story06.html).


Group study rooms can be located throughout the building or can be grouped in one location.

Environment:

Sound proofing is important for at least some of the group study spaces. Natural light is important where possible.


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http://www.rochester.edu/currents/V35/V35N10/story06.html

http://www.rochester.edu/pr/Review/V69N5/index.html

Name of Activity: Cafe/24 Hour Study Area

Net Area: 3000 SF

Function:

Café and 24 hour study space: 3000 SF, with kitchen facilities, a variety of comfortable seating options, security for student entry with ID after library closed, located close to the new entrance to the library. The area will have a well lit outside entrance.


Cafe is supervised Millersville University Dining Services24 hour study space is supervised by Access Services

Space Requirements:

1500 SF for Cafe, including 800 SF for food preparation areaFood concession areaVending area accessible in 24 hour study space when concession area is closedWater, electricity, drainageStorage spaceDishwasher to use for small loads of china (used for special events, meetings)


Close to the entrance on the first floor, this space is a gathering place for people from across campus. Near loading dock for food delivery and trash removal

Environment:

Visible from inside and outside—glass walls or large windows to let in natural light and for securityOpens to outside café seatingAttached to, but secured within, 24-hour study spaceA variety of comfortable seating options including sofas, chairs, tables (high and low)Types of food and products:

Green/environmentally friendly, fair trade coffee, teaMeal alternatives: wraps, sandwiches, fruit

Must have wireless access


The cafe will be secured within the 24 hour study space. The study space will be accessible from outside with ID when building is closed.

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Name of Activity: Restrooms (ADA Compliant)

Net Area: Staff 447 SF; Public 2,733 SF

Function:

The building renovation project will replace ugly tiny restrooms with spacious, well-lit, handicapped-accessible restrooms throughout the building.


University maintenance staff

Space Requirements:

Will meet code requirements for number, size, and handicapped accessibility


Handicapped accessible restrooms on each floor (including balcony levels?)

Environment:


Aesthetically pleasing, well-lit, easy to clean, with storage space for supplies

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Name of Activity: Exhibit Area (Currently spread out on First Floor)

Net Area: SF

Function:

Space is needed on the first floor for exhibits on a variety of topics. This exhibit space can be within glass enclosed walls between areas as well as in more traditional exhibit cases.

Space Requirements:

Dedicated exhibit space will allow for the annual Faculty Publications Exhibit as well as other short term exhibits to have a designated home.


The exhibit space should be close to the Atrium/Programming Space to allow for opening receptions. This space should be close to the main entrance. It does not need to be in a separate closed room.

Environment:

Exhibit space should be secure and have appropriate lighting for the materials on display. The exhibit space can be accommodated in interior wall spaces between rooms to take up less square footage on the entry or other floors.


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Name of Activity: Atrium/Meeting/Programming Space

Net Area:1800 SF

Function:

Atrium/Meeting/Programming space for events, programs, and exhibits. Despite the building’s limitations, we currently welcome over 500 students to LibraryFest annually and over 100 faculty, staff, and community members regularly attend exhibit openings, lectures, and other special programs. Programming space is of utmost importance to our library renovation project.

Space Requirements:

1800 SF of space that can be used for a variety of programming purposes, with comfortable seating as well as stacking chairs for larger events and lectures. Walls can accommodate installations of framed artworks. Storage for chairs and tables.Access to small sink, cabinets for storage, for use with receptions. High quality sound system. Wireless access.


Easily accessible from the main entrance, next to the exhibit area.

Environment:

Comfortable, warm, attractive, and inviting space. Technology-equipped.


Exhibit area can be included behind glass panels that separate this room from other areas.

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Name of Activity: Instructional Technology Labs/Commons (3)

Net Area: 1800 SF

Function:

These instructional labs/technology commons areas will contain multi-media stations allowing students to work in groups and receive assistance from IT student staff.


Millersville University Information Technology staff

Space Requirements:

Three commons areas with room for collaborative workstationsElectricityNetwork connectionsStorage space

Relation to Other Areas:Potential combination—near or within reference area

Environment:

The labs/commons areas will be well-lit and have groupings of comfortable seating around tables that are equipped with technology necessary for multi-media group presentations, along with support by IT student staff.


These areas will be enclosed and secure.

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Name of Activity: Faculty Collaboration Space

Net Area: 500 SF

Function:

A dedicated space for faculty members to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, research and writing.

Space Requirements:

This meeting room will have wireless access and electricity to support laptops, tables and chairs and other comfortable seating options, a refrigerator and sink, and a white board.


Accessible by elevator

Environment:

Comfortable, inviting, attractive space with reconfigurable seating to allow for collaboration.


Faculty members will be able to reserve this space for collaborative projects.

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Name of Activity: Administrative Suite

Net Area: 1800 SF

Function:

The Administrative Suite will include offices (with doors) for the Director, secretary, administrative assistant, student workers, special projects/grants area, room for meetings of six to eight persons and small receptions, restroom and reception area. The suite should be located away from the library entrance.


Library Director, secretary

Space Requirements:

Secretarial Areas Secretary needs to be able to see entrance to the administrative suite Waiting area with space for three to four chairs Alcove for copier, fax machine, table for sorting papers, small refrigerator, coffee pot,

small sink Larger reception desk with counter/ledge Coat closet for use of staff and visitors Wall space in each office for pictures, bulletin boards, cabinets and shelving Area for filing cabinets Storage closet for office supplies

Director’s Office: Space for meeting table seating four to five persons Natural light Wall space for pictures, shelving, one file cabinet Separate exit (not through front office) Closet for coats, etc.


Not near the main entrance.

Environment: Improve lighting Natural light Inviting colors


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Name of Activity: IT/Systems Office

Net Area: 1500 SF

Function:

The IT/Systems office contains the office of the Systems Librarian, work space for student assistants, and technology of all kinds.


Systems librarian, student assistants

Space Requirements:

Space for two officesStudent work areaStorage and testing area for equipmentWork area for unpacking equipmentSmall meeting area with table and chairs, with demo area


Should be accessible by working elevators

Environment:

Specialized lighting needs for technology related workErgonomic computer workstationsUpgraded electricity, network access, HVAC, and ventilation for many machines


This area needs to be secure.

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Name of Activity: Curriculum Materials Center/Children's Literature Area

Net Area: 10,000 SF

Function: The Curriculum Materials Center houses the juvenile and curriculum collections and serves as a center for learning for students from the School of Education. The focus of this space is to facilitate easy access to the wide variety of materials education students need for their courses and teacher training, with emphasis on materials and comfortable and reconfigurable furniture, rather than specialized equipment.

Supervisor/Personnel: 1 librarian, student assistants

Space Requirements: Dedicated reconfigurable space including collaborative work space, programming space, art work and murals, creative space for children and students, faculty and staff offices and student work areas. The area will have shelving configurations that are convenient for browsing to maximize access to the curriculum and juvenile materials which are among the library’s highest-circulating physical materials:

Open and easily understandable physical layout will assist students in finding the type of materials they need.

Shelving in this area must be reconfigured to promote student browsing, an essential part of the learning process in working with these materials. Half-height shelving units with pull out shelves will allow for display of award winning juvenile materials.

Tables for group work are important, near electricity for laptops and other portable devices.

Programming space will offer reconfigurable space for student presentations, instruction sessions, and programs for school children and education students.

Designated reading area (either a reading pit or raised area with carpeted steps) will facilitate story hours.

Comfortable reading nooks by windows will allow for group and individual reading space.

Relation to Other Areas: This area will need its own floor with elevator and stair access.

Environment: Colorful and easy to navigate

Special Considerations: The wide variety of material types in this area requires special attention to space-saving and specialized shelving, while offering easy access to materials.

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Name of Activity: Archives and Special Collections

Net Area: 14,000 SF

Function:Archives & Special Collections houses the archives of the university as well as rare books, manuscripts, oral histories, photographs, and other rare materials. A strong instruction program requires expanded space for classroom instruction as well as room for researchers to work with materials. Current space is inadequate for researchers, collections, and staff.

Supervisor/Personnel:1 librarian, 1 support staff member, student assistants

Space Requirements:a secure vault for the most valuable materials in the collectionfloors strong enough to hold materials now spread in locations throughout the buildingcompact shelving suitable for varied materials in collection; space for expansionsecure intake and pre-processing area/ including “dirty” area for new materialsprocessing/work areas for staff and student assistantstechnology-equipped conference room3 staff offices and student work areasconservation and digitization space, including access to water for conservationreading room area for researchers with welcoming public service deskdedicated technology-equipped classroompublic and staff restroomsstorage space for supplies, exhibit supplies, oversized materials (maps, paintings), slides, negativesexhibit space with special lighting controls for rare materials

Relation to Other Areas:This area needs to be easily accessible by elevators. A separate 3000 SF Center for Pennsylvania German Studies should be near the Archives & Special Collections area. For environmental reasons, this area should not be in the basement or on the ground floor. For the shell scheme, we could remove the Center for Pennsylvania German Studies, and place the Local History and Culture Collection in a smaller reading room.

Environment:Dedicated climate control is necessary to stop the spread of mold in valuable university archival and rare book areas. Climate control system must take into account different temperature and humidity needs of paper, film, rare books, etc. Will include controlled lighting in areas where rare materials are housed. A full vapor barrier envelope around the space with double door construction is required. No water lines over or near this area.

Special Considerations: “Hope” window should remainMultipurpose space to accommodate classroom/reception area or exhibit space/reception area

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Name of Activity: Technical Services

Net Area: 4400 SF

Function:The Technical Services area supports access to library content in all formats. Librarians and support staff work closely with other faculty members of the library to ensure timely access to relevant content that supports all areas of the university curricula. Librarians in technical services follow trends and developments in their discipline in order to improve staff workflows, implement technological solutions, update standards, and contribute to the library’s overall mission. They manage fiscal and information resources and supervise the work of support staff in acquiring and processing new materials.

Supervisor/Personnel: 3 librarians, 5.5 support staff members, student assistants

Space Requirements:Librarian and staff offices with doors that close, privacyConference room with meeting table/training area/computer/large screenDedicated space that contributes to workflow of areas—not throughway space

Approximately 5-6 student workstations for the Technical Services areaCatalogingstudent workstations and lockers, close to support staff officesProcessing area/book truck storageLocked storage for materialsLocked storage for TV/DVD players, other AV equipmentSpace for large printerHolding area for materials in process (separate from work area)

Acquisitions/Serialsstudent workstations/tables with drawersIncoming/acquisitions materials area with enough space for materials, storage boxes, book trucks, skids, packing materials and for interaction with delivery peopleSpace for bindery/processing

Relation to Other Areas:The cataloging and acquisitions areas will be in close proximity to one another, with easy access to the loading area, and mailing room.

Environment:Windows allowing natural light, energy efficient full spectrum lighting; plantsElectrical upgrade—sufficient outletsErgonomic workstations, keyboard with adjustable height optionsSpace around desks for carts and adequate adjustable shelvingCabinets, counter, and sink—at appropriate heightGlass walls, sound proofInviting colorsShelving for in-process materials in staff and faculty officesSpecial Considerations: Request for trash room to be located somewhere apart from staff work areas

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Name of Activity: Conference/Meeting Room (go from 1 to 2)

Net Area: 1,070 SF

Function:

The conference/meeting rooms will be available for use by library, university, or community groups.

Space Requirements:

2 meeting rooms at 500 SF each


One of the conference rooms should be located on the first floor.

Environment:

Tables and chairs, electricity, space for projection equipment cart or large screen TV.


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Name of Activity: Staff Lounge

Net Area: 575 SF

Function:

The staff lounge offers a place for staff members and student assistants to each lunch or take breaks during work hours.

Space Requirements:

This area is large enough to accommodate several groupings of tables and chairs, refrigerator, microwave, sink, and storage cabinets.


This area should be near restrooms and away from public areas.

Environment:

Windows, lots of natural lightExhaust fan in kitchen area—well ventilatedAttractive colorsComfortable seating


No carpeting

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Name of Activity: Loading Dock

Net Area: 1,000 SF

Function:

The loading area is used by delivery trucks, campus mail deliveries, UPS trucks, and trash removal vehicles.


Space Requirements:

The loading area needs to increase in size to accommodate large trucks.


Should be near acquisitions/technical services area for incoming materials

Environment:

Weather protection for adjacent interior spaces.


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Name of Activity: Receiving Room

Net Area: 500 SF

Function:

The new library receiving room will contain storage space and adjustable shelving units for incoming materials of all types.


Space Requirements:

500 SF of storage space and shelving


Directly connected to loading dock, near acquisitions/technical services

Environment:

Well lit and ventilated.


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Name of Activity: Mailroom

Net Area: 100 SF

Function:

The mailroom provides the location for on campus and off campus mail (incoming and outgoing).


Acquisitions/Technical Services?

Space Requirements:

100SF including table with mail slots for all library faculty and staffPick up location for large packages


Near receiving room, loading dock and elevators. Could be part of receiving room.

Environment:

Pleasant, well-lit


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Name of Activity: Custodial Storage and Trash Room

Net Area: 800 SF

Function:

Maintenance personnel will use this space for custodial storage and trash storage.


University Maintenance staff

Space Requirements:

A separate trash room from the custodial storage area**An office for maintenance staff


Near loading dock

Environment:

Well-lit space which is easy to keep clean


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Name of Activity: Storage Area (Old Acquisitions Room)

Net Area: 800 SF

Function:

This space can be used as book sale storage, as well as swing space for shifting of library materials.


Access Services staff

Space Requirements:

800 SF with shelving and storage cabinetsTables for sorting


Accessible to elevators

Environment:

Light, electricityAdjustable shelving


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Name of Activity: Storage Closets & Disaster Response Materials

Net Area: 800 SF

Function:

Storage closets are needed on each floor of the building for disaster response materials and cleaning supplies.


Access Services staff

Space Requirements:

Storage closets will be equipped with appropriate shelving for supplies


On each floor

Environment:

Compact space is well designed for maximum storageWell lit


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Appendix I. Action Document

The Millersville University Library~ A Center for Learning for the Whole Community ~

REVISED DRAFT—9/28/07

Part I: Nature and Concept of ProjectThe completion of an addition to and renovation of Ganser Library will create a welcoming environment for learning, collaboration, creation of knowledge and celebration of culture in a flexible, innovative, and technology-rich building which will serve as an academic and social hub of campus and a center of learning for the community.

A. Requirement for Project (academic program/mission support)In the 40 years since Ganser Library was built, the university has changed dramatically in terms of size and educational expectations. In the past, libraries served primarily as locations for scholarly and often solitary study. Now, and for the foreseeable future, libraries (driven by dramatic changes within higher education) are places where people come to collaborate with each other, use technology, and locate sources of information for research, inspiration, and entertainment. Increasingly, faculty members and future employers expect that students will graduate with highly developed critical thinking and problem solving skills which are developed in an atmosphere of teamwork and collaboration.

When the library was planned in 1965, Millersville had 2505 students in 26 undergraduate programs, along with 262 faculty and administrators. The University Library now serves 8300 students in 75 graduate and undergraduate programs, more than 1000 faculty and staff and a significant number of library patrons from the greater community.

Recent university initiatives such as the American Democracy Project (which fosters civic engagement), the re-conceptualization of general education requirements, the offering of “passion courses” by faculty members, and the repositioning of the university through a new visioning and branding process, all point to the importance of the university’s intellectual and cultural contributions to the region. The university’s commitment to active engagement with local, state, regional, national and international communities will be supported by an enlarged and repositioned learning center on campus through a major renovation and addition to the current library building.

While information resources are more widely available than ever, students and researchers need to develop the skills necessary to access, evaluate, interpret, and make use of the information they find. 85% of respondents to OCLC’s 2005 Perceptions of Libraries survey viewed libraries as places to learn. The physical building becomes increasingly important as communities of learners come together to collaborate and create knowledge.

The Library’s program reviews in 2001 and 2006 made significant recommendations regarding the limitations to service which are imposed by the inadequate space, inflexible design, and limited technological infrastructure of the current building. Working around these inadequacies is continuing where possible, but basic services are

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restricted as a result. We have been assured that major renovations to the library are being given increased attention at the highest levels of the university administration.

B. Nature of Project (basic characteristics and summary of project)The Ganser Library building is 40 years old and at capacity. This project will renovate the building through necessary structural changes, improved HVAC, ADA compliance, renovation of restroom facilities, improved elevator access and increased square footage.

The redesigned University Library at Millersville will support current and future approaches to learning in higher education settings. A new entrance and addition will provide the additional square footage necessary for improved services, expanding collections, and flexible, collaborative learning spaces in the library. An atrium/programming space is necessary for ongoing events, exhibits, and programs. New technology-rich classrooms will be designed as re-configurable environments which enhance learning. Staff offices and work areas will be redesigned to allow for greater collaboration and more efficient work flow. The expansion and redesign of Archives and Special Collections will provide security and dedicated climate control for valuable university and other rare materials along with additional space for researchers, collections, processing, and staff.

C. Special Features (any special engineering and architectural features to be considered during design or construction; include technical support)The entire design team must be experienced in renovation and design of library buildings, creating re-configurable multi-media and technology-rich collaborative learning areas, and in facilitating work and services flow in a structurally challenging facility. Firms must show a comprehensive understanding of the inter-relationships of indoor and outdoor spaces, uses of natural and full-spectrum lighting and other environmentally friendly building practices. The modified exterior changes to the building must create a positive design statement that attracts students, researchers, and members of the broader community. As the building sits on the former site of Old Main, elements of the architectural design of the renovations should pay tribute to Old Main, the symbol of Millersville’s rich educational heritage.

This project will address HVAC, electrical, network, and structural problems. State of the art technology throughout the building will provide seamless access to materials and services.

D Federal or Private Funds (any federal, university, or private funds that will be used to fund this project; include special requirements for scheduling associated with their use)Millersville University has set a private fund raising goal of a minimum of 1.4 million dollars for this project. Currently, MU has $40,000 in cash. It is expected that by the time the building project moves to the construction phase, additional funds will be committed.

E. Alternatives (How might the program be accommodated if project is not feasible?)If this project is not feasible, the building will continue to impede access to services and collections, and it will not meet current code requirements for load-bearing floors, or have adequate electricity or HVAC. It will not have the necessary climate control and security system for valuable Archives and Special Collections materials. Library

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faculty and staff will remain isolated in work areas, and the lack of adequate space will continue to be a limitation to innovation. It will be impossible to provide adequate, efficient, reliable service to students and other members of the university community.

Part II Organization, Functions, and SpaceA. Organizational Features (special relationships with other entities and/or special

requirements to accommodate this project)The new library facility will benefit the entire university and broader community. Outreach programs to both on-campus and community constituencies will draw new users into the newly designed space for exhibits and programs, in keeping with the Library’s role as intellectual and cultural center on campus. Additional space will allow for expanded relationships with information technology and tutoring services on campus. Programming and exhibit space will allow increased opportunities to collaborate with the Millersville University’s Commission on the Status of Women and the Millersville University’s Commission on Cultural Diversity to the benefit of the broader community. Improved and flexible study areas will more effectively meet the needs of specialized groups

We seek to transform the building into a center for learning beyond the classroom. The newly designed library will provide a physical location to encourage partnerships with community organizations in support of Millersville University’s commitment to civic engagement. The library is an active partner with local elementary schools, cultural heritage and educational institutions, nonprofit and other community organizations. Examples include current collaborative projects with Lancaster County Historical Society, Eshelman Elementary School, Willow Valley Retirement Community, and the Lancaster County Digitization Project. The library is in the planning stages for expansion of its community outreach initiatives.

B. Functional Units (describe the functional units, number of occupants in each and special equipment requirements)All areas of the building require HVAC, electrical, and network upgrades. The building will become ADA compliant. Open and attractive architectural design, with natural lighting and environmentally friendly materials, will improve access to services and materials. The library will have an increased number of spacious and attractive public restrooms throughout the building (including accommodations for the physically handicapped).

The building will need to accommodate the following functional areas with appropriate storage and support: A new entrance will serve as a transition area to the building, facilitating

communication as well as opportunities for learning. A café, located near the new entrance, will provide access to a 24-hour study space. Improved access to and location of services throughout the building, combining

services in a more efficient, user-and-staff-friendly manner, with service points which are easy to identify. Nearly a quarter of a million people visit the library every year.

All areas of the access services unit will be in one location, including 5 offices, student work areas, processing space, housing of reserve materials and laptops, and a redesigned service desk

A redesigned reference area will connect to collections, 9 public service faculty offices, and other service points.

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Improved distribution of collections in the building, particularly in relation to other services. The building is currently at capacity with over one million physical items.

A variety of flexible multi-media learning spaces for students and researchers, both individual and collaborative, with appropriate access to technology, power and network, etc.

Increased number of computers in public services spaces throughout the building. At least two classrooms for library instruction: one with seating for 35-40 students

and one with seating for 15-20 students. Both classrooms will have appropriate technology, suitable lighting, acoustics and an easily reconfigurable arrangement. Nine library faculty members regularly teach more than 250 classes each year, reaching over 6000 students in 1-3 hour sessions.

Atrium/Meeting/Programming space for events, programs, and exhibits. Despite the building’s limitations, we currently welcome over 500 students to LibraryFest annually and over 100 faculty, staff, and community members regularly attend exhibit openings, lectures, and other special programs.

Expanded comfortable seating in living room, glass-enclosed porch areas, and reading/study nooks throughout the building to provide for the variety of study spaces needed by students individually and in groups.

Expanded and reconfigurable seating and table areas for students and researchers. New space for Archives and Special Collections including dedicated climate

control, a secure vault for the most valuable materials in the collection, floors strong enough to hold materials now spread in locations throughout the building, enough space for expansion, secure intake and preprocessing area, processing areas for staff and student assistants, technology equipped conference room, 3 staff offices and student work areas, conservation and digitization space, reading room area for researchers with welcoming public service desk, dedicated technology-equipped classroom, and public restrooms. Dedicated climate control is necessary to stop the spread of mold in valuable university archival and rare book areas. Current space is inadequate for researchers, collections, and staff. Large classes regularly come to Special Collections for instruction and use of materials. During the past year, Special Collections received more than 2000 visits from students and researchers using the collections.

Dedicated reconfigurable space for Curriculum Materials Center/Children’s Literature Area, including a collaborative work space, programming space, art work and murals, creative space for children and students, faculty and staff offices and student work areas, and browsable shelving configurations to maximize access to the curriculum and juvenile materials, which are among the highest-circulating physical materials in the library.

Acquisitions and cataloging/processing units will be combined in one location near delivery area, with offices for 7 faculty and support staff members and work area for 5 student workers, meeting room, and processing space.

A secure location for Library Systems is required to stage, configure, test, and repair existing or new computing equipment and associated services. The area will include 3 offices, work areas for student assistants and space adequate for the storage of computers and other pieces of equipment prior to deployment throughout the building. The area that will require a higher density of electricity and network connectivity.

Library administrative suite will be expanded and redesigned to include office space for faculty, staff, and student assistants including at least 4 private offices, a work area for student assistants, reception area, conference room, and restrooms.

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New technology-equipped office and work space for library administration, faculty, staff, and student assistants including conference and meeting rooms. To meet these needs the new building will require a total of 35 offices, one lounge, 5 technology-equipped conference rooms, and on large technology-equipped meeting room.

C. Space Requirements (net SF requirements and other data, including special features or relationships required)

New entrance: 1500 SF, technology-equipped with security system. Café and 24 hour study space: 4290 square feet, with kitchen facilities, a

variety of comfortable seating options, security for student entry with ID after library closed, located near the new entrance to the library.

Reference and Gov. Docs area: 9000 SF, on main floor, within easy view of entrance and other service points.

Access Services: 4000SF on main floor, near entrance and other service points. Circulating Collection and Periodical Stack areas: 25,000 SF. 3 Classrooms with enough space to accommodate both people and computers:

1) 1200 SF; 2) 1000 SF; 3) Special Collections 1200 SF. Atrium/programming space: 1500 SF, with easy access to the entrance to

accommodate visitors attending special exhibits, programs and events. The Archives and Special Collections unit: at least 13,000 square feet of

secure, climate controlled space. The area needs to be safe from possible water damage and on floors which can support the weight of materials.

Curriculum Materials Center/Children’s Literature Area: 10,600 square feet of space featuring browsable shelves which accommodate a variety of sizes and types of materials

Administrative Suite: 2000 SF. Combined Acquisitions and Cataloging unit: 4500 SF to accommodate offices

for faculty and staff, work areas for student assistants, processing space, and a meeting room.

Library Systems: 1500 SF, with security and higher density of electricity and network connectivity.

D. Future or Adjacency Requirements (how adjoining structures will influence the project)The Library building sits on the former site of Old Main in the most historic area of campus, directly across from the newly expanded Dutcher Hall and the former library, now Biemesderfer Executive Center. In keeping with the historic nature of these adjacent buildings, the design of an addition and new entrance will assist in integrating the building with its historic surroundings. The reading garden will join the outside with inside space, drawing people into the redesigned library building. This feature is in keeping with the University master plan, which calls for outdoor plazas that can accommodate special events and various kinds of gatherings, including projected wall art installations, dance, films, and outdoor receptions/dinners.

Part III: Plans, Concepts and Studies A. Completed documents

This project is being developed in accordance with the University Master Plan. Additional documents include the following: 2006 Library Program Review Document (including Library building consultant Joe Lucia’s report), Information Technology Report, and the Facilities Report.

B. Available Concepts/Designs

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None currently available.C. Special Services (any special professional services anticipated, e.g., site selection,

environmental study, O & M, life cycle plan) Library space planning and interior design (for services, collections, and workflow

concepts) Artist’s rendering for modified exterior and addition, which will be used in

presentations for assisting with fundraising The A/E will have had experience with design and construction of 2-3 similar

facilities within the past 10 years.D. Testing

Required testing will include structural, subsurface, HVACPart IV: Site, Existing StructuresA. Siting

This project site choice is existing Library building and surrounding areas. All property is owned by Millersville University.

B. Code IssuesC. Utility ServicesD. ContaminantsE. ConditionsPart V: Point of Contact

Roger V. BruszewskiVice President for Finance and AdministrationMillersville UniversityPO Box 1002Millersville, PA 17551(717) 872-3043(717) 872-3846 fax

Arthur C. DickinsonDirector, Capital Construction, Contracting & DesignMillersville UniversityPO Box 1002Millersville, PA 17551(717) 872-3282(717) 872-3175 fax

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Appendix II. Square Footage

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