MUC LUC

LOr./ NO/ DA U 9

Chung 1. KHAI NIEM VE GIENG KHOAN DAU KHi 11

1.1. Cdc khdi niOm co ban 11

1.1.1. Cdc phu'o'ng phdp tun ki6m tham do cdc tich to dau khi 11

1.1.2. Lich sit phat tridn nganh ky thuat va ding nghe khoan 12

1.1.3. Lich sit khoan tham do va khai thdc dau khi a Vi"O't Nam 13

1.1.4. Bac di6m ddu khi ViOt Nam 14

1.2. Gi6ng khoan 15

1.2.1. Thong s6 gi6ng khoan 16

1.2.2. Phan loai gi6ng khoan 17

1.2.3. Cau trac gigng khoan 18

1.3. Phutng phdp khoan 23

1.3.1. Phocrng phdp khoan co hoc 23

1.3.2. PhuOng phdp khoan thay Ong laic 24

1.4. TO chile va nhan ski trong nganh dau khi 25

1.4.1. T6 chile 26

1.4.2. Nhan stt tren gian khoan 27

1.4.3. Ca lam vic 29

1.4.4. Dao tao 29

Chu'ong 2. QUI TR1NH CO BAN THI CONG GIENG KHOAN 30

2.1. Lap chtiong trinh khoan 30

2.2. Thi ding gi6ng 32

2.2.1. Chon vi tri khoan 32

2.2.2. Chug.n bi khoan trutng 34

2.3. Ch6 do khoan 34

2.3.1. Ap laic chi6u true (hay tai trong chi6u true P) 34

2.3.2. T6c di) quay (n) caa choong khoan 35

2.3.3. Ltiu luting (va chat loong) nutc ra'a (Q) 37

2.4. Cong ngh" khoan 41

2.4.1. Khoan lap mat 41

2.4.2. Khoan loan gi6ng trung gian 47

2.4.3. Khoan d6n muc tieu 48

2.5. Qui trinh khoan binh thing 48

2.5.1. Khai niem 48

2.5.2. Cac chi tieu danh gia ding tac khoan 49

Chlicing 3. DUNG DICH KHOAN VA XI MANG 51

3.1. Dung dich khoan 51

3.1.1. ChLitc nang cua dung dich khoan 51

3.1.2. Cac thong s6 co ban ctia dung dich 52

3.1.3. Phan loai dung dich khoan 57

3.1.4. Ca sd ly thuy6t tinh toan thUy lac khoan 60

3.2. Xi mang 70

3.2.1. So lu'ac lick sit tram xi mang gieng dAu 70

3.2.2. Phan loai xi mang 70

3.2.3. Viia xi mang 72

3.2.4. Tinh chat cda da xi mang 75

Chu'cing 4. THIO BI KHOAN 77

4.1. Phan loai 77

4.1.1. Cac thi6t bi khoan tren dat lien (onshore, land rigs) 77

4.1.2. Cac thi6t bi khoan bin (offshore rigs) 78

4.2. Cac he th6ng chinh &la gian khoan 82

4.3. MO to thi6t bi khoan 84

4.3.1. Thai) khoan (derrick, mast) va ca-u true

duai thap (substructure) 84

4.3.2. He th6ng cung cap nang luong 86

4.3.3. He th6ng nang tha 87

4.3.4. He th6ng xoay (roto) 92

4.3.5. He th6ng tun hoan dung dich 95

4.3.6. He th6ng do 98

4.3.7. He th6ng kiem soat gi6ng 100

Chitdng 5. DUNG CU KHOAN 105

5.1. Dung cu pha hay dat dd 105

5.1.1. ChoOng chop xoay 106

5.1.2. Chobng lien khbi (kim cu'ang tut nhien, PDC, TSP) 112

5.1.3. Luai khoan (chobng) lgy mdu 113

5.1.4. ChoOng doa 115

5.2. BO khoan cu 116

5.2.1. Cheic nang 116

5.2.2. Thanh phan enable khoan cu 117

5.2.3. Nguyen nhan va hien phdp lY su c6

trong qua trinh khoan 122

Chu'o'ng 6. KHOAN DINH HU'ONG 124

6.1. Nh0ng (mg dung cilia gieng khoan dinh hudng 124

6.2. Cac dang quy dao ciia gieng khoan dinh hudng 127

6.2.1. Quy dao hinh chic J 127

6.2.2. Quy dao hinh chit J keo dai 128

6.2.3. Quy dao gieng dang chti S va chU S cai !Dien 130

6.2.4. Phan loai gieng ngang 133

6.3. Ky thuat dinh hudng 133

6.3.1. Cac nguyen ly tac dung lye trong khoan dinh hudng 133

6.3.2. Cac dung cu dinh hudng 135

6.3.3. BO khoan cu (BHA) trong khoan dinh hudng 139

6.3.4. Cric dOng co day 140

6.4. Cric pluidng phap tinh town giant sat quy dao gieng 141

6.4.1. Cac phuong phrip tinh town Odin sat quy dao 141

6.4.2. Cric piniang phrip giain sat guy dao gieng 143

6.5. Ltia chon cricthOng so ceng nghe 145

6.5.1. Dung Cu plui tiny ilgt (la 145

6.5.2. Van t6c quay tdi han ctia can khoan 146

6.5.3.1.1m ltiong dung Bich khoan 146

Chuang 7. HOAN THIEN GIENG 148

7.1. Nghien cal va drinh gia thanh he 148

7.2. }loan thien gieng 150

7.2.1. Phan loai 150

7.2.2. Ha cot Ong chang khai tluic va tram xi mang 156

7.2.3. Ban and via 158

7.2.4. Lap dat thie't bi khai that 160

7.2.5. Goi clang san pham 161

Chdang 8. CO sa LY THUYET KHAI THAC DAU KHI 169

8.1. Cac khai niem co ban 169

8.1.1. Ap suit 169

8.1.2. Cric tinh chgt vat lY via 170

8.2. Cac nguen nang lu'ong via 175

8.2.1. Nguan ming lacing tit nhieu 176

8.2.2. Nguan nang lirong nhan tao 180

8.3. Thu hei (Tau tang cu'Ong 196

8.3.1. Cac gia_ Joan khai that ma thiu 196

8.3.2. Cric phirong phap thu 1-16i tang cirOng 197

Chdang 9. XU LY VUNG CAN DAY GIENG 206

9.1. Hien dug skin 206

9.1.1 Cac nguyen nhan gay nhiem ban thanh he 207

9.1.2. 116c krang he s6 skin 208

9.1.3. Skt thav cl6i du'Ong chi bao dac tinh via trong

qua trinh khai auk 211

9.2. Clic phtiong phap xit ly viing can day gie'ng 212

9.2.1. Phu'ong phap haa hoc (di yen la 1' hang axit) 212

9.2.2. Cac phirong phap co hoc 219

Chuang 10. CAC PHIIdNG PHAP KHAI THAC 231

10.1. Phaang phap khai thric tir phun 231

10.1.1. Dieu kien ttt phun 231

10.1.2. Cuic yeu to anh hirOng den khii Ming to plum 231

10.1.3. Thie't bi khai that tq plum 232

10.2. Phirong phap khai thtic co hoc 235

10.2.1. Co s6 ltta chon 235

10.2.2. Phan loai 237

10.3. Nhting kho khan trong qua trinh khai that

va cac hien phap khac phut 258

Chuang 11. THU GOM, Xe IS' VA VAN CHUYEN DAU THO 260

11.1. He dieing thu gom va xtt ly 260

11.1.1. Midi niem chung 260

11.1.2. Phan loai he th6ng thu gom dau khi 262

11.1.3. Leta chop cac he th6ng thu gom 264

11.2. Xii1Y dau th6 265

11.2.1. Tach khi ya on dinh dau 265

11.2.2. Khur nha tuong 268

11.2.3. Tach mu6i 270

11.2.4. Xit 1y parafin 271

11.3. Van chuyen dau khi trong khu vac mó 273

11.3.1. Phan loai 273

11.3.2. He thdng duemg O'ng 274

11.4. Van chuyen dau khi tit m6 den nai ch6 bie'n 278

11.4.1. Van chuy6n bang duOng 6-ng 278

11.4.2. Van chuyen bang tau ddu 280

ChiIcing 12. AN TOAN LAO DONG VA BAO VE MOI TRU'dNG

TRONG CONG TAC KHOAN VA KHAI THAC DAU KHI 281

12.1. An town lao thing 281

12.1.1. Gidi thieu chung 281

12.1.2. NhiIng qui dinh 282

12.2. Bao ye mOi truOng 302

12.2.1. Nguyen nhan va tac hai do 6 nhi6m 303

12.2.2. Cac qui dinh phOng ch6ng o nhi6m 304

TAI LIE U THAM KIIAO 308