MC LC M u .......................................................................................................................................1 L do chn ti .............................................................................................................1 Mc ch ca ti .........................................................................................................2 i tng v phm vi nghin cu ...................................................................................3 Nhim v ca ti ........................................................................................................3 Phng php nghin cu ................................................................................................4

Chng 1: C s l lun v thc tin ......................................................................................5 Tng quan vn nghin cu.............................................................................................5 C s l lun ca ti.......................................................................................................6 Nhim v dy hc ha hc trng ph thng v tch hp cc ni dung gio dc trong dy hc ha hc...........................................................................................................7 Cc vn bn ch o ca ngnh gio dc v vn tch hp cc ni dung gio dc trong dy hc.........................................................................................................................8 C s thc tin ca ti.................................................................................................... Bin i kh hu ton cu mi quan tm ln ca ton th gii ................................ Cng tc thch ng th gii cc nc pht trin .............................................. Sng chung vi BKH qu trnh thch ng cc quc gia ang pht trin . . . Nhng thch thc do bin i kh hu gy nn ........................................................... Bin i kh hu Vit Nam v tc ng ti ngnh gio dc..................................... Tiu kt chng 1 ............................................................................................................... Chng 2: Tch hp ni dung ng ph vi bin i kh hu trong dy hc v hidrocacbon chng trnh ha hc lp 11 ......................................................................... Khi qut v s bin i kh hu ton cu.......................................................................... Biu hin, c im, nguyn nhn chnh ca s bin i kh hu ton cu.................

Khi nim v bin i kh hu ............................................................................ Nhng biu hin ca s bin i kh hu .......................................................... c im ca s bin i kh hu ....................................................................... Nguyn nhn chnh ca s bin i kh hu ton cu ......................................... Tc ng ca s bin i kh hu ton cu ................................................................. Tc ng ca s nng ln ca Tri t .............................................................. Bng tan v nc bin dng ................................................................................ Nguy c thin tai gia tng ................................................................................... Tc ng n sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc ................................ Tc ng n ti nguyn nc ............................................................................ Tc ng n h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc ................................................... Tc ng n sc khe con ngi ...................................................................... Chin lc ng ph vi bin i kh hu ................................................................... Gim nh ............................................................................................................. Thch ng ............................................................................................................ Hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh hu .................................................................... Tnh cp thit ca hnh ng .............................................................................. Hnh ng ca chng ta ...................................................................................... Gio dc, tuyn truyn ph bin rng ri cc gii php lm gim thiu nhng thit hi v thch ng vi nhng hu qu do bin i kh hu gy ra ti cc a phng .........

Bin i kh hu Vit Nam ............................................................................................. Tnh hnh bin i kh hu nc ta .......................................................................... Nhng biu hin ca bin i kh hu ................................................................ Kch bn bin i kh hu nc ta trong tng lai .............................................

Chin lc ng ph vi bin i kh hu Vit Nam Chin lc gim thiu ......................................................................................... Chin lc ng ph ............................................................................................. Tc ng ca bin i kh hu n cc vng lnh th nc ta ................................... Vng trung du, min ni Bc B v ng bng sng Hng ..............................

Nc bin dng v nguy c gia tng thin tai ........................................... Tc ng n sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc ...................... Gim nh v thch ng .............................................................................. Hnh ng ca chng ta ............................................................................ Vng Bc Trung B v Duyn hi Nam Trung B ............................................ Nc bin dng v nguy c gia tng thin tai Tc ng n cc h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc ................................... Gim nh v thch ng .............................................................................. Hnh ng ca chng ta ............................................................................ Vng Ty Nguyn ...............................................................................................

Nguy c gia tng thin tai ......................................................................... Tc ng n ti nguyn t, nc v sn xut nng nghip .................... Tc ng n cc h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc ................................... Gim nh v thch ng .............................................................................. Hnh ng ca chng ta ............................................................................ ng Nam B v ng bng sng Cu Long .................................................... Nc bin dng v nguy c gia tang hin tng xm nhp mn .............. Tc ng n sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc ...................... Gim nh v thch ng ..............................................................................

Hnh ng ca chng ta ............................................................................

Mi lin h gia ni dung ha hc vi cc vn bin i kh hu ................................. Nhng ni dung ca s bin i kh hu c lin quan ................................................ Bng k cc ni dung c lin quan n bin i kh hu trong chng trnh ha hc phn hidrocacbon lp 11 .......................................................................................... Xy dng ti liu h tr dy hc tch hp cc vn bin i kh hu ............................. Cc thng tin b sung .................................................................................................. Bi tp thc tin .......................................................................................................... Tiu kt chng 2 ................................................................................................................ Chng 3: Thit k mu bi hc bin i kh hu trong dy hc ha hc Nguyn tc tch hp

M U L do chn ti

Nhim v dy hc ha hc trng ph thng l mt trong nhng nhim v pht trin tim lc tr tu cho hc sinh, c nng lc s dng kin thc ha hc trong vic gii quyt cc vn thc tin Bin i kh hu v nhng h qu ca bin i kh hu ang l vn ton cu, c cc th h, c bit l th h tr rt quan tm. Mn ha hc trng ph thng l mt trong nhng mn hc c nhiu iu kin thun li trin khai tch hp ni dung v ng ph vi bin i kh hu Mc ch ca ti

Mc ch chnh ca ti ny l nghin cu tch hp cc ni dung v ng ph vi bin i kh hu trong dy hc ha hc trng ph thng i tng, phm vi nghin cu i tng nghin cu Qu trnh dy hc ha hc trng ph thng Phm vi nghin cu Dy hc chng trnh ha hc lp 11 phn hidrocacbon Nhim v ca ti thc hin tt mc ch t ra th ti ny phi c nhng nhim v sau: Nghin cu cc ti liu ch ra C s l lun ca ti: Nhim v dy hc ha hc trng ph thng v tch hp cc ni dung gio dc trong dy hc , cc vn bn ch o ca ngnh gio dc v vn tch hp cc ni dung v ng ph vi bin i kh hu trong dy hc ha hc

Nghin cu v c s thc tin ca ti: Bin i kh hu ton cu mi quan tm ln ca th gii v ca Vit Nam. Nghin cu chng trnh, sch gio khoa mn Ha hc ch ra mi lin h gia kin thc ha hc vi cc vn bin i kh hu. xut gii php a ni dung ng ph bin i kh hu vo chng trnh dy hc ha hc: Bin son ti liu h tr dy hc ha hc ng ph bin i kh hu trong nh trng thng qua mn ha hc, s dng ti liu trong dy hc. sau: Phng php nghin cu l thuyt: Phn tch, tng hp ti liu, m hnh ha. Bin son ti liu v cc gio n, t chc th nghim. Phng php nghin cu nghin cu mt cch c hiu qu ti ny chng ti s dng kt hp cc phng php

Phng php nghin cu thc tin: Quan st s phm, iu tra gio dc hc (phng vn), thc nghim.

Chng 1 C S L LUN V THC TIN CA TI Tng quan vn nghin cu

c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v vic trin khai tch hp, lng ghp gio dc mi trng trong dy hc ha hc trng ph thng: Gio dc mi trng cho hc sinh THPT trong dy hc ha hc phn hidrocacbon (lp 11) kha lun tt nghip i hc ca sinh vin Nguyn Hi Yn trng HSP TN (2005) cp n gio dc mi trng cho hc sinh THPT ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong thit k bi hc v t chc cc hot ng dy hc ha hc c lng ghp ni dung gio dc mi trng nhm nng cao hng th hc tp v nhn thc gio dc bo v mi trng cho hc sinh Kha lun tt nghip i hc ca sinh vin Trn Th Duyn trng HSP TN (2006) cp n vn t chc hot ng dy hc ha hc c lng ghp ni dung gio dc mi trng nhm nng cao hng th hc tp v nhn thc gio dc bo v mi trng cho hc sinh.

A

Cc kt qu nghin cu tng quan cho thy vic gio dc mi trng trong dy hc ha hc trng ph thng c nhiu tc gi quan tm nghin cu tuy nhin cha c cng trnh no nghin cu v ng ph vi bin i kh hu. C s l lun ca ti

Nhim v dy hc ha hc trng ph thng v tch hp cc ni dung gio dc trong dy hc ha hc. Cc vn bn ch o ca ngnh gio dc v vn tch hp cc ni dung gio dc trong dy hc Ngh quyt s 41:

Ngh quyt s 41 ca B Chnh tr v BVMT trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc (s 41/NQ-TW ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2004). V 7 nhm gii php c bn ca Ngh quyt s 41: Nhm gii php th nht cp n vn y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc nng cao nhn thc v trch nhim bo v mi trng. y l ni dung rt quan trng, tng cng a dng ha cc hnh thc tuyn truyn, ph bin chnh sch, ch trng, php lut v cc thng tin v mi trng v pht trin bn vng cho mi ngi, c bit l trong thanh nin, thiu nin; nht l a ni dung gio dc mi trng vo chng trnh, sch gio khoa ca h thng gio dc quc dn, tng dn thi lng v tin ti hnh thnh mn hc chnh kha i vi cc cp hc ph thng; xy dng tiu ch, chun mc v mi trng c th nh gi tp th v c nhn, cn b , ng vin, on vin, hi vin v gia nh trong cng tc bo v mi trng. To lp thi quen, np sng gn gi, gn b vi thin nhin, cng ng lng x, thn bn, ph phng, dng h, tn gio. cao vai tr trch nhim ca cc c nhn, t chc v cng ng tham gia bo v mi trng. Nhm gii php th ba l y mnh x hi ha hot ng bo v mi trng, trong ch trng to c s php l v c ch, chnh sch khuyn khch c nhn, t chc v cng ng tham gia cng tc bo v mi trng, xy dng v thc hin cc quy c, ng c, cam kt v bo v mi trng ca cng ng dn c. Ch th s 29-CT/TW, ngy 21 thng 01 nm 2009 ca Ban b th v Tip tc y

mnh thc hin ngh quyt 41/NQ-TW ca B Chnh tr (Kha IX) v bo v mi trng trong thi k y mnh CNH, HH t nc. Ch th nh gi vic thc hin Ngh quyt 41 sau 4 nm v nhng mt c v mt hn ch, ng thi nhn mnh nhng hn ch, yu km cha t c cng vi tc ng ca bin i kh hu ton cu v hi nhp quc t t ra cho cng tc BVMT nhiu thch thc ln. Lut BVMT nm 2005

iu 5 v iu 6 cp n Chnh sch ca Nh nc v BVMT v nhng hot ng c khuyn khch, trong cng tc tuyn truyn v gio dc c c bit coi trng. Ti iu 107: Gio dc v mi trng v o to ngun nhn lc bo v mi trng, Lut BVMT quy nh: Cng dn Vit Nam c gio dc ton din v mi trng nhm nng cao hiu bit v thc bo v mi trng. Gio dc v mi trng l mt ni dung ca chng trnh chnh kha ca cc cp hc ph thng. Nh nc u tin o to ngun nhn lc BVMT, khuyn khch mi t chc c nhn tham gia o to ngun nhn lc BVMT. B Gio dc v o to ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch o, hng dn xy dng v thc hin chng trnh gio dc v mi trng v o to ngun nhn lc bo v mi trng. Quyt nh s 1363/Q-TTg ngy 17 thng 10 nm 2001 ca Th tng Chnh ph v

vic ph duyt n a cc ni dung bo v mi trng vo h thng gio dc quc dn Mc tiu ca n l: Gio dc hc sinh, sin vin cc cp hc, cc trnh o to trong h thng gio dc quc dn, c hiu bit v php lut v ch trng chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc v BVMT; c kin thc v mi trng t gic thc hin BVMT. o to, bi dng i ng cn b ging dy, gio vin, cn b nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh v cn b qun l v BVMT. Trong nhng nm qua, B Gio dc v o to ch tr, phi hp cc c quan c lin quan thc hin xy dng chng trnh, gio trnh, bi ging v gio dc BVMT cho cc cp hc v cc trnh o to; o to, bi dng i ng gio vin v BVMT; t chc ch o v vic o to i ng cn b khoa hc v qun l v lnh vc mi trng m bo ngun nhn lc cho vic nghin cu, qun l, thc hin cng ngh BVMT, pht trin bn vng t nc. ng thi tng cng c s vt cht cho vic ging dy, hc tp nghin cu khoa hc v chuyn giao cng ngh v BVMT trong cc trng hc v thng tin gio dc v BVMT trong nc, khu vc v trn th gii. Quyt nh s 256/2003/Q-TTg ngy 02/12/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chin lc bo v mi trng quc gia n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 Mt trong nhng quan im ca Chin lc nu r: Bo v mi trng l b phn cu thnh khng th tch di ca Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi, l c s quan trng pht trin bn vng t nc. t bo v mi trng l u t cho pht trin bn vng. Trong

nhng gii php thc hin Chin lc nhn mnh ti 2 gii php lin quan n Ngnh Gio dc v o to l: Tuyn truyn, gio dc nng cao thc v trch nhim BVMT Tng cng nng lc nghin cu v pht trin cng ngh v bo v mi trng

nh hng chin lc pht trin bn vng Vit Nam (Chng trnh ngh s 21 ca Vit Nam) Ngy 17/8/2004, Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt nh hng Chin lc Pht trin bn vng Vit Nam Chng trnh ngh s 21 ca Vit Nam. y l mt chin lc khung bao gm nhng nh hng ln lm c s php l cc B, Ngnh, a phng, cc t chc v c nhn trin khai thc hin v phi hp hnh ng nhm m bo pht trin bn vng t nc trong th k 21. Chng trnh Ngh s 21 gm 5 phn chnh: Trong , phn 4 tp trung vo cc vn : (i) chng tnh trng thoi ha t, s dng hiu qu v bn vng ti nguyn t; (ii) Bo v mi trng nc v s dng bn vng ti nguyn nc; (iii) Khai thc v s dng hp l, bn vng ti nguyn khong sn; (iv)Bo v mi trng bin, ven bin v hi o; (v) Bo v v pht trin rng: (vi) Gim nhim cc th v khu cng nghip; (vii) Qun l cht thi rn; (viii) Bo tn a dng sinh hc; (ix) Thc hin cc bin php lm gim nh bin i kh hu, phng v chng thin tai. Ch th s 02/2005/CT-BGD&T, ngy 31 thng 01 nm 2005, ca B trng B

GD&T v vic tng cng cng tc gio dc BVMT. c bit, cc nhim v trng tm n nm 2010 l vic trin khai thc hin n tt c cc cp hc. Ch th yu cu cc cp qun l gio dc, cc c s gio dc tp trung ch o v thc hin tt cc nhim v sau: 1. Nng cao nhn thc v tm quan trng ca cng tc BVMT v nhim v gio dc BVMT. Thc hin cc mc tiu gio dc v o to v BVMT nu trong Quyt nh s 1363/QTTg ca Th tng Chnh ph Thc hin cc nhim v trng tm t nay n 2010

T chc thc hin c Ch th quy nh r trch nhim ca cc V trong B GD&T, cc S, cc i hc, hc vin, Vin, trng i hc, Cao ng, Trung cp chuyn nghip. Ch th s 40/2008/CT-BGDT v vic pht ng phong tro thi ua Xy dng

trng hc thn thin, hc sinh tch cc trong cc trng ph thng giai on 2008 2013, vi cc mc tiu:

Huy ng sc mnh tng hp cc lc lng trong v ngoi nh trng xy dng mi trng gio dc an ton, thn thin, hiu qu, ph hp vi iu kin ca a phng v p ng nhu cu x hi. Pht huy tnh ch ng, tch cc, sng to ca hc sinh trong hc tp v cc hot ng x hi mt cch ph hp v hiu qu. C s thc tin ca ti Bin i kh hu ton cu mi quan tm ln ca ton th gii

Tt c cc quc gia u phi thch ng vi BKH, phng php thch ng u ph thuc vo bn cht ca nhng ri ro i lin vi BKH, kh nng pht trin con ngi, trnh khoa hc cng ngh t chc v tim lc ti chnh Nhng chnh sch KT-XH nhm xy dng nng lc v kh nng chng chu, kh nng i ph; nhng khon u t vo h thng c s h tng phng chng lt bo v cc c ch iu tit, qun l cc lu vc chnh l nhng g cn thit c th ng ph vi BKH. Tuy nhin quy m ca nhng e da cng em li nhng thch thc c v cht v lng. Cng tc thch ng th gii cc nc pht trin Cc cp chnh quyn cc nc pht trin u ang vch ra nhng chin lc cho qu trnh thch ng vi mc tiu chung l bo v nhn dn, c s vt cht v h tng kinh t trc nhng ri ro cua BKH. S quan tm ca cng chng ngy cng ln ti BKH l mt nhn t tc ng ln chng trnh ngh s ca cng tc thch. Mt nhn thc cc nc pht trin l cc ri ro ca BKH ngy cang tr ln trm trng. t nng nng Chu u nm 2003, bo khng khip Nht Bn nm 2004, cn bo Katrina tn ph thnh ph New Orleans, cng vi cc hin tng hn hn, l lt v nhit cc oan xy ra nhiu nc pht trin v ang thu ht s qua tm ca cng chng v l sc p Chnh ph phi c nhng phn ng tch cc. Lnh vc bo him l mt yu t thc y thay i mnh m thng qua vic nh gi cc ri ro v th trng ny to ra ng c cho cc c nhn, cng ti v Chnh ph thc hin cc bin php gim thiu ri ro bao gm cc bin php thch ng. cc nc Chu u v Hoa K, lnh vc bo him ngy cng quan tm hn n thit hi do BKH. Do , nhiu nc pht trin ngnh bo him tr thnh mt lc lng ng h tch cc cho vic tng cng cc khon u t ca Nh nc va c s h tng ng ph vi BKH. V d, Hip hi cc nh Bo him Anh ang ku gi tng 50% ngn sch phng chng l lt Quc gia n nm 2012. Cng tc thch ng cc nc pht trin ang din ra di nhiu hnh thc. Nhng cn nh ni lng Maasbommel l mt v d v chuyn bin hnh vi cp h gia nh. Ngnh trt tuyt ca Thy S tm cch thch ng bng cch u t t vo cc thit b lm tuyt nhn

to. ph kn tuyt ln 1 ha sn dc cn hn 3.300 lt nc v phi c chuyn ch n bng trc thng sau mi c lm lnh nhn to tiu tn nhiu nng lng. Chu u cc nc Anh, Php, c thit lp cc th ch cp Quc gia cho cng tc hoch nh qu trnh thch ng. y Ban Chu u ku gi cc nc thnh vin lng ghp cng tc thch ng vo cc chng trnh xy dng c s h tng. Vi tui th ca cu, ng, bn, cng khong 80 100 nm phi tnh n nhng thay i v iu kin kh hu trong tng lai. Cc lnh vc nng lm ng nghip th c u tin hoch nh chin lc ng ph. Mt s v d c th: H Lan: L mt quc gia c mt dn s cao v nm vng trng, vi hn din tch t lin nm thp hn mc nc bin v H Lan ang ng trc nhiu ri ro ca BKH. Nhng ri ro ny c kim sot nh mt mng li knh rch, bm thy li v iu rng ln. H thng c thit k c kh nng chng chu nhng ri ro ti t nht, ngoi ra cn c cc sng nh sng Rhine, sng Maas cng thng trc e da qua l lt. Do , cng tc thch ng H Lan u t 3 t USD cho cng tc phng nga l lt. Mc tiu ca ngn sch ny l bo v H Lan trc lu lng nc sng Rhine ln n 18.000m3/giy t 2015 tr i. Vng quc Anh: Cc chin lc ng ph vi l lt ang c xy dng da trn kt qu nh gi ri ro do mc nc bin dng cao v lng ma tng. Ngnh bo him c tnh Anh b nh hng bi l c th tng t 2 triu nm 2005 ln 3,5 triu trong tng lai, nu h thng c s h tng phng chng l khng c ci thin. C quan mi trng ku gi Chnh ph u t t nht 8 t USD cng c p chn l Thames Barrier mt cng trnh phng chng l bng c hc bo v London. Hin nay, hng nm chnh ph Anh chi ngn sch 1,2 t USD chng l lt v xi mn b bin. Nht Bn: Mi quan tm vo cng tc thch ng Nht Bn ln n nh im vo nm 2004 khi b ti 10 cn bo nhit i b vo, gy tng thit hi trn 14 t USD, trong khong mt na l c bo him chi tr. Mc nc bin gia tng trung bnh 4-8 mm/nm v Chnh ph Nht Bn ln k hoch phng nga cho nc bin dng cao 1 mt vi mc u t 93 t USD. CHLB c: Nhiu vng rng ln c c nguy c b l lt. Cc nghin cu ti Bang Bavaria cho thy, s lng cc t l nh v va tng ln 40-50% n nm 2050 v nhng trn l th k s tng ln 15%. B Mi Trng ca bang ny b sung cho ngn sch khong 685 t USD cho cng tc ng ph. Sau nhng t l nm 2002, 2003 c ph chun o lut kim sot l lt, trong yu cu lng ghp cc nh gi v BKH trong cc cng tc hoch nh vng l v khu vc dn c. California: BKH nh hng nghim trng n tnh hnh cp nc sinh hot cho mt s vng ca California. Nhit ma ng tng s lm suy gim lng tuyt trn dy ni Sierra Nevada vn c vai tr d tr nc ngt ca Bang. S suy gim mt bao ph tuyt d bo khong 37% giai on 2035-2064 v ln n 79% cho giai on 2070-2090. California ang pht trin h thng h cha nc v knh dn nc rng khp duy tr cung cp nc n nhng ni

kh hn. Chnh quyn ca Bang u t 930 triu USD cho bin php nng cao hiu qu s dng nc thnh th v trong nng nghip n nm 2020. Chnh ph M cng chi 3 t USD cho phng chng l v c bin dng vng thung lng Trung tm. Sng chung vi BKH qu trnh thch ng cc quc gia ang pht trin

Nhng nc ang pht trin ang phi i mt vi nhng nguy c ln hn t BKH, n tc ng n mc sng, sinh k, tng trng kinh t ni chung v kh nng d b tn thng ca con ngi. nhng quc gia ngho, cng tc thch ng ch yu vn l t lc ca mi c nhn. V d: min Bc Kenia: Hn hn xy xa thng xuyn buc nhng ngi ph n phi i xa hn ly nc sinh hot, thng l t 10 15 km mt ngy, khin cc em gi khng c c hi n trng v tr thnh ghnh nng cho ph n.

vng Ty Bengal, n : Nhng ngi ph n sng trong cc ngi lng chu th sng Hng ang phi dng ln nhng thp cao bng tre gi l machan lnh nn khi l lt ko n. Bng-la-t lng ging, nhiu ngi dn ang sng trong nhng cn t gi l chars c nguy c bit lp vo ma ma l phi nng cao hn mc nc l bng cch di di chng ln trn cc ct hay mt .

-cu-a-o: Ngi dn ang u t cho cc d n d nc quy m nh. H o cc ao gi nc hnh ch U, c gi l albarradas gi nc trong nhng nm c nhiu ma nhm b sung cho lng nc ngm cn kit vo ma kh hn.

Nepan: Cc cng ng dn c thng b l e da nn buc h phi xy dng cc h thng cnh bo sm. V d, cc thp canh v ng gp nhn cng, nguyn vt liu gia c cc b k gi khng cho cc h bng b v.

Nhng ngi nng dn cc nc ang pht trin ang phi i ph vi nhiu nguy c ca BKH, c bit vi nhng cng ngh canh tc truyn thng th s. Bng-la-t nhng ph n nng dn ang xy dng cc khu vn ni. Nhng chic b c kt bng cy d lan hng, trn c th trng cc loi rau ngay nhng vng l. Sri-Lanka, nhng ngi nng dn ang th nghim vi cc ging la mi c th chu c s nhim mn v kh hn. Nhng thch thc do bin i kh hu gy nn BKH ton cu l mt thch thc ln nht i vi nhn loi trong th k 21. Cc nh khoa hc thy rng, BKH ang din ra vi tc nhanh hn nhiu so vi chng ta hnh dung 10 nm v trc v xc nh c 5 vn ca BKH c th hn ch v y li qu ttrinhf pht trin ca con ngi. l:

Sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc s b nh hng thng qua lng ma, nhit b bin ng; Khng hong nc v tnh trng mt an ninh v nc. S thay i hnh th dng chy v hin tng bng tan s lm tng thm p lc sinh thi, nh hng xu ti lu lng nc ti tiu v s nh c ca con ngi trong qu trnh ny; Nc bin dng v nguy thin tai. S tan chy vi tc ngy cng cao ca cc tng bng c th lm cho mc nc bin dng ln nhanh chng. Nu nhit Tri t tng thm 340C c th khin cho 330 triu ngi phi di di tm thi hay vnh vin do l lt. Hn 70 triu ngi Bng-la-t, 6 triu ngi cc ng bng thp ca Ai Cp v 22 triu ngi Vit Nam s b nh hng;

Cc h sinh thi (HST) v a dng sinh hc s b e da. BKH ang lm thay i din mo ca cc HST. Khong mt na s h san h trn th gii b bt trng. Tnh axit ngy cng tng cao cc i dng cng l mi e da i vi cc HST bin v lu di; Sc khe con ngi b e da c bit nhng nc ang pht trin v t l ngi ngho cao v nng lc ca h thng y t cng cng cn hn ch. Trong c 5 vn trn, khng c mt vn no c c ch c th p dng mt cch n l. Cc c ch ny c mi quan h qua li vi cc qu trnh vn hnh x hi, kinh t v sinh to c hi cho pht trin con ngi. R rng, vic kt hp cc c ch tc ng t BKH n pht trin con ngi s khc nhau gia cc nc v trong tng nc. Bin i kh hu Vit Nam v tc ng ti ngnh gio dc Theo kt qu nghin cu bc u ca Ngn hng th gii (WB) v UNDP (2007) th Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc trn th gii s b thit hi nhiu nht do tc ng ca BKH. c tnh hng triu ha t b ngp v hng triu ngi dn c th b mt nh ca do nc bin dng. Nhiu thnh ph ven bin, cc danh lam thng cnh, cc im du lch hp dn c th b nh hng. Sn lng lng thc b gim st ln, e da n an ninh lng thc quc gia, ng thi li nhiu hu qu nng n khc nu chng ta khng c c nhn thc y , khng c chun b cho nhng tnh hung v sn sng cho nhng hnh ng ng ph. H thng gio dc quc dn bao gm nhiu i tng, c s lng rt ng v thnh phn cng rt khc bit, t nhng c gio v cc chu nh nhng trng mm non n cc thy c gio v hc sinh cc cp nh tiu hc, THCS, THPT, ging vin cc trng Cao ng, i hc, k c gio vin, hc sinh cc trng Trung cp chuyn nghip, cc trng dn tc ni tr, Trung tm gio dc thng xuyn, cc trung tm lao ng hng nghip, hc vin cc Trung tm gio dc cng ng v ng o cc nh qun l gio dc t B GD&T, cc Vin nghin cu n cc Trung tm gio dc, cc cn b qun l cc S, cc phng tuyn huyn v cc trng. Qua nhng tc ng ca BKH n cc h sinh thi, lng ma, nhit v thi tit, hin

tng nng ln ton cu s trc tip nh hng n tt c cc i tng. Khng ai c th min dch vi nhng hu qu ca hin tng ny. Tuy nhin, c mt s i tng d b nh hng hn nh cc chu cc trng mm non, tiu hc rt nhy cm vi s thay i ca thi tit. Ngoi ra cc thy c gio v hc sinh, sinh vin, cc nh qun l gio dc sng ti nhng vng sinh thi d b tn thng, cc vng t dc, kh cn, cc vng ven bin thng xuyn b l lt v ti cc khu nh tm b, nhng hc sinh c gia nh ngho, thng c nguy c cao khi phi i mt vi nhng ri ro ny sinh t BKH. iu ng lo ngi nht ca BKH i vi h thng gio dc quc dn l tc ng ca BKH n sc khe cc i tng. BKH gy ra nhng tc ng hoc trc tip hoc gin tip thng qua cc yu t khc nh thc phm, nh , cc cn trng, vt ch mang mm bnh. C th nu ra 6 tc ng ca BKH ton cu n sc khe nh: Cc p lc v nhit (t nng nng/sng lnh); Cc hin tng cc tr v thin tai (bo, l lt, hn); nhim khng kh (ct bay vng ven bin); Cc bnh nhim khun (st rt, st xut huyt); Cc vn v nhim ngun nc; Nhng vn lin quan n lng thc v dinh dng.

Cc tc ng ny c th l trc tip nh kh hu nng ln lm tng tc ng tiu cc i vi sc khe cc i tng. Thi tit cc oan dn n gia tng mt s nguy c i vi cc i tng c tui, cc chu bc mm non, cc thy c, cc cn b qun l gio dc mc bnh tim mch. Kh hu nng ln lm thay i cu trc ma hng nm. Ma ng min Bc s m dn ln dn ti thay i c tnh trong nhp sinh hc ca cc thy c v hc sinh, sinh vin. S tng tn sut thin tai nh bo, nc dng do bo, gi mnh, ma ln e da c s vt cht trng s, i sng ca nhiu i tng trn nhiu vng nht l vng ven bin, vng ni. Tc ng gin tip c th qua cc ngun mang v truyn bnh. Nhiu bnh truyn nhim nguy him chu nh hng ca BKH nh bnh st rt, bnh giun ch bch huyt, st xut huyt, vim no Nht Bn, cc bnh virut hnh cy vn c coi l thnh hnh nhit i m. Nhit tng dn ti tng tc sinh trng v pht trin nhiu loi vi khun d ly lan nh cc bnh ng thuc ng tiu ha, h hp, hay cc bnh virut c xu th tng ln v s lng cc i tng b nhim bnh cng nh t vong. Khi nc bin dng, vn i li cc vng ven bin, vng t thp s c nhiu kh khn, nh hng ti s ngy d lp, n k hoch ging dy v hc tp ca hc sinh. nc ta, trong thi gian qua cng xut hin mt s bnh mi ngi v ng vt (cm gia cm, bnh ln tai xanh), mt s bnh c quay tr li (t), nhiu bnh c bin bin phc tp v bt thng hn

(st xut huyt). Cc bnh truyn qua vt trung gian nh st rt (do mui truyn), st xut huyt (mui), vim no (mui), qua mi trng nc (cc bnh ng rut) v cc bnh khc (suy dinh dng, bnh v phi).nhng bnh ny c bit nh hng ln ti mi i tng cc vng su, vng xa ni c t l ngho cao. Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vn , ngy 02/12/2008, Th tng Chnh Ph ph duyt Quyt nh s 158/2008/Q-TTg v Chng trnh mc tiu Quc gia ng ph vi bin i kh hu. Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng ca Chng trnh mc tiu Quc gia ng ph vi BKH l nng cao nhn thc pht trin ngun nhn lc vi cc ch tiu thc hin n nm 2015 l: Tng bc trin khai c hiu qu k hoch nng cao nhn thc v BKH t Trung ng n a phng. Hon thin, cp nht v ph cp rng ri ti liu v phng tin phc v nng cao nhn thc. Trin khai k hoch nng cao nhn thc, pht trin ngun nhn lc trong h thng gio dc, o to cc cp. Trn 80% cng ng dn c v 100% cng chc, vin chc nh nc c hiu bit c bn v BKH v cc tc ng ca n. Tip theo , B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng xy dng kch bn BKH, nc bin dng cho Vit Nam. Theo cc kch bn, kh hu trn tt c cc vng ca Vit Nam s c nhiu bin i. Vo cui th k 21, nhit trung bnh nm nc ta c th tng khong 2,5oC, tng lng ma nm v lng ma ma ma tng trong khi lng ma ma kh li gim, mc nc bin dng khong 75cm so vi trung bnh thi k 1980 1999. Hin nay, tt c cc B, Ngnh, trong c B GD&T ang tin hnh xy dng Chng trnh hnh ng ng ph vi BKH. Ngnh GD&T c lcj lng ng o, chim gn dn s ca c nc v lin quan n tng gia nh. Cng tc gio dc v BKH, nhng nguyn nhn v tc ng ca n, nhng chin lc c th tp trung vo vic lm thay i hoc gim nh v tm ra cc phn ng y , kp thi i vi nhng tc ng BKH trn phm vi ton cu l cp bch. Nhng nhn thc v hnh ng ca lc lng hc sinh, sinh vin s lan ta mau chng ra khp cng ng. Do vic a cc ni dung ng ph vi bin i kh hu vo cc chng trnh gio dc v o to c ngha rt to ln v rt cn thit. Nh vy, vic a khi kin thc v ng ph vi BKH vo h thng gio dc quc dn c ghi nhn nh mt b phn cu thnh khng th thiu c ca Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v ng ph vi BKH. y l mt nhu cu rt ln vi hn 21 triu hc sinh, sinh vin, chim dn s ca c nc. Cc nh gio dc hc t trc n nay khng nh: T cch ca mt con ngi, cch ng x i vi x hi v bin i x hi i vi mi trng c

hnh thnh mt cch c bn trong nhng nm thng trn gh nh trng, v trong vic ng ph vi BKH th yu t quyt nh nht l yu t con ngi. Mt mt khc, th h tr Vit Nam l nhng ngi s phi chu nhng gnh nng tc ng ca BKH trong tng lai, chim t l cao ttrong tng dn s v l nhng tuyn truyn vin cho cc thay i. Vic tng cng nng lc v gio dc th h tr c th gy nh hng ti s thay i nhng hnh vi ca nhng ngi c tui. Do , nu lc lng ng o ny c gic ng, c thc y v cc hnh ng ca mnh trong cc tnh hung thay i ca thi tit, ca kh hu, c nhng hiu bit cn thit v tc ng ca BKH, mi quan h gia i sng, pht trin kinh t vi BKH th c th gn kt c nhng vn kinh t vi ng ph BKH. Ti iu 13 ca Lut gio dc sa i v u t cho gio dc nu: u t cho gio dc l u t pht trin. u t trong lnh vc gio dc l hot ng u t c th thuc lnh vc u t c iu kin v c u i u t. Bi vy, cn thit phi gio dc ng ph vi BKH cho hc sinh, sinh vin. Chng 2 TCH HP NI DUNG NG PH VI BKH TRONG DY HC HA HC PHN HIDROCACBON HA HC LP 11 Khi qut v s bin i kh hu ton cu Biu hin, c im, nguyn nhn chnh ca s bin i kh hu ton cu Khi nim v bin i kh hu

Bin i kh hu l nhng bin i trong mi trng vt l hoc sinh hc gy ra nhng nh hng c hi ng k n thnh phn, kh nng phc hi hoc sinh sn ca cc h sinh thi t nhin v c qun l hoc n hot ng ca cc h thng kinh t - x hi hoc n sc khe v phc li ca con ngi (Cng c chung m Lin hp quc v BKH ti Hi ngh Thng nh v Mi trng ti Riodefanero (Braxin) nm 1992). Ni mt cch khc BKH l s bin i trng thi ca kh hu so vi trung bnh hoc dao ng ca kh hu duy tr trong mt thi gian di, thng l vi thp k hoc di hn. Nhng biu hin ca s bin i kh hu S nng ln ca kh quyn v tri t ni chung. Nhit khng kh ca Tri t ang c xu hng nng dn ln: t nm 1850 n nay nhit trung bnh tng 0,74oC, trong nhit ti 2 cc ca Tri t tng gp 2 ln so vi s liu trung bnh ton cu; v theo d bo nhit trung bnh ca Tri t c th tng ln 1,1 6,4oC ti nm 2100, t mc cha tng c trong lch s 10.000 nm qua. Vit Nam trong vng 50 nm (1957 2007) nhit khng kh trung bnh tng khong 0,5 0,7oC, s tng t 1 2oC vo nm 2020 v t 1,5 2oC vo nm 2070.

C s dng cao ca mc nc bin do tan bng gy ngp ng v xm nhp mn cc vng thp ven bin v xa s nhiu o trn bin v i dng. Trong th k XX, trung bnh mc nc bin chu dng cao 2,44 mm/nm, ch ring thp k va qua l 3,1mm/nm. D bo trong th k XIX, mc nc bin dng cao t 2,8 4,3mm/nm. Vit Nam, tc dng ln ca mc nc bin khong 3mm/nm (giai on 1993 2008) tng ng vi tc dng ln ca i dng th gii. D bo n gia th k 21 mc nc bin c th dng thm 30cm v n cui th k 21 mc nc bin c th dng ln 75cm so vi thi k 1980 1999. S di chuyn ca cc i kh hu tn ti hng nghn nm trn cc vng khc nhau ca tri t dn ti nguy c e do s sng ca cc loi sinh vt, cc h sinh thi v hot ng ca con ngi. S thay i cng hot ng ca qu trnh hon lu kh quyn, chu trnh tun hon nc trong t nhin v cc chu trnh sinh a ho khc. C s thay i thnh phn v cht lng kh quyn c hi cho mi trng sng ca con ngi v cc sinh vt sng trn Tri t. C s xut hin ca nhiu thin tai bt thng, tri quy lut, mc ln nh bo, ma ln, hn hn gy nn nhng tn tht to ln v ngi v ti sn. S thay i nng sut sinh hc ca cc h sinh thi, cht lng v thnh phn ca thy quyn, sinh quyn, cc a quyn. c im ca s bin i kh hu Din ra chm, t t, kh pht hin, kh o ngc;

Din ra trn phm vi ton cu, c nh hng ti tt c cc lnh vc c lin quan n s sng v hot ng ca con ngi; Cng ngy mt tng v hu qu kh lng trc;

L nguy c ln nht ca con ngi phi i mt vi t nhin trong lch s pht trin ca mnh.

Nguyn nhn ca s bin i kh hu ton cu

Cc nguyn nhn c ngun gc t nhin: S tng tc vn ng ca Tri t v v tr, s thay i ca bc x Mt Tri, s tc ng ca kh CO2 do cc hot ng ni la, chy rng hoc cc trn ng t ln gy ra.

Nguyn nhn chnh gy nn BKH Tri t l do s gia tng cc hot ng to ra cht thi kh nh knh, ch yu t cc ngun nhin liu ha thch (than, du, kh t) v cc hot ng khai thc qu mc cc b hp th kh nh knh nh sinh khi, rng, cc h sinh thi bin, ven b v t lin khc. Tnh hnh th pht trin mnh m, gia tng cc hot ng giao thng vn ti, trit ph rng v chy rng cng lm nghim trng thm tnh hnh nhim khng kh, gi li lng bc x sng di khin cho nhit Tri t nng ln theo hiu ng nh knh. T lm thay i cc qu trnh t nhin ca hon lu kh quyn, vng tun hon nc, vng tun hon sinh vt Sut thin nin k trc khi c cuc cch mng cng nghip, hm lng kh CO2 trong kh quyn dao ng mc 280ppm. Tuy nhin tnh t u th k XX n nay hm lng tng ln lin tc n 380ppm. Hiu ng nh knh do kh CO2 gy ra l qu mc cn thit, gy tng nhanh nhit b mt a cu ko theo nhiu h ly cho i sng trn khp hnh tinh. Nhng BKH nguy him l khi nhit tng thm khong 2oC, khi tnh trng mi trng sinh thi b hy hoi mc khng th khc phc c. C th ni, hot ng ca con ngi l nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra nhng bin i kh hu hin nay trn Tri t. Tc ng ca s bin i kh hu ton cu Tc ng ca s nng ln ca Tri t

Nhit tng c nh hng trc tip n cc h sinh thi t nhin, lm suy gim a dng sinh hc, lm nh hng ti nng sut, cht lng sn phm vt nui, cy trng. S thay i v chuyn dch cc i kh hu, i thm thc vt t nhin dn ti nguy c e da s sng ca cc loi sinh vt. Nhit tng dn dn n s thay i cc yu t thi tit khc ph hoi ma mng, c nh hng trc tip n cc ngnh nng lng, xy dng, giao thng vn ti, cng nghip, du lch Con ngi c th tn dng nhng h qu ca s nng ln ca Tri t. Bng tan v nc bin dng

Lm tng din tch ngp lt c nh hng trc tip ti sn xut nng nghip, cc th, cc cng trnh xy dng giao thng vn ti cng nh ni c tr ca con ngi; c bit cc vng ng bng ven bin.

Lm tng nhim mn ngun nc, lm thay i cc h sinh thi t nhin, h sinh thi nng nghip.

Nguy c thin tai gia tng Bo, ma ln, l lt, hn hn xy ra bt thng v c sc tn ph ln.

Xut hin cc t nng, lnh qu mc, bt thng gy tn hi n sc khe con ngi khin hng trm ngi thit mng v gy thit hi hng chc triu USD cho Vit Nam mi nm; v c nh hng mnh n gia sc v ma mng. Tnh trng hoang mc ha c xu hng gia tng. Tc ng n sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc

BKH tc ng n s sinh trng, nng sut cy trng, thi v gieo trng, lm tng nguy c ly lan su bnh hi cy trng, nh hng n sinh sn, sinh trng ca gia sc, gia cm, lm tng kh nng sinh bnh, truyn dch ca gia sc, gia cm, gy. BKH c tc ng n sinh trng, nng sut cy trng, thi v gieo trng, lm tng nguy c ly lan su bnh hi cy trng. BKH nh hng n sinh sn, sinh trng ca gia sc, gia cm, lm tng kh nng sinh bnh, truyn dch ca gia sc, gia cm. Ngnh nng nghip i mt vi nhu cu ln v pht trin ging cy trng v vt nui nhm gim thiu ri ro do BKH v cc hin tng kh hu cc oan. Mt phn ng k din tch t nng nghip vng t thp ven bin s b ngp mn do nc bin dng, nguy c thu hp din tch t nng nghip nu khng c cc bin php ng ph thch hp. Nhit thay i (tng vo ma h, gim vo ma ng) gy thay i loi cy trng truyn thng ti mi vng, gia tng vng cy trng nhit i. Dch bnh c iu kin pht trin trong iu kin nng m cao hn lm gim nng sut cy trng. Thay i lng ma, nc bin dng gy ngp lt lm gim din tch canh tc; Nguy c xi l, bc mu cc vng t nng nghip; Gim nng sut cc loi cy trng khng a nc, lm tng nhu cu chuyn i ging cy trng; Lm thit hi v gim nng sut do ma ln tht thng xy ra vo thi im ra hoa - kt qu; Ma ln tht thng gy ngp ng ko di v thit hi ma mng; t v nc b mn xm nhp lm nh hng n cc loi cy trng; Lm thay i ma v, nh hng n an ninh lng thc; Lm gia tng dch bnh, su bnh nh hng ln n nng sut cy trng

Bin i kh hu, nc bin dng l mi e da an ninh lng thc nc ta c trc mt v lu di.

Tc ng n ma mng c th lm trm trng hn tnh hnh an ninh lng thc, gi c lng thc tng nh hng n nn kinh t. Tc ng n ti nguyn nc

Nhit Tri t tng s tng nguy c nhim ngun nc thng qua cc lp cht trm tch, cht dinh dng, s phn hy cacbon hu c; To tng trng nhanh hn.. dn n hin tng m ly ha cc thy vc, pht sinh cc loi kh c; Thay i cng hot ng ca qu trnh hon lu kh quyn, chu trnh tun hon nc v cc chu trnh sinh a ho khc; Thc y qu trnh bc hi nc lm gia tng nng cc cht nhim trong cc sng sui ao h; Nhu cu s dng nc gia tng do nhu cu gii nhit, lm mt, iu ha, trong sinh hot v sn xut; Nhit nc tng cao v ma h s gy kh khn trong qu trnh x l nc cp v x l nc thi. Mc nc bin dng lm tng din tch b xm nhp mn ti cc ca sng v ca ngun nc ngm; Tc ng n ngun nc ngt ti thy vc; Nhim mn c nguy c lm ph hy h sinh thi thy sn nc ngt; Gia tng cng v tn sut cc hin tng thi tit cc oan; Thay i bt thng dng chy trn cc sng; Mc nc ti cc ao h, sng thp trong khi nng cc cht dinh dng, cn l lng v cc loi mui rt cao, dn n s thay i mi, v ca nc; Gia tng qu trnh xm nhp mn do hn hn. Ti nguyn nc ang ng trc nguy c suy gim do hn hn ngy mt tng mt s vng, min. Kh khn ny s nh hng n nng nghip, cung cp nc nng thn, thnh th v sn xut in. Tc ng n h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc

S bin i kh hu biu hin nhit Tri t tng c nh hng trc tip n cc h sinh thi t nhin, lm suy gim a dng sinh hc. BKH l nguyn nhn gy nn nhng thay i ln cc loi thc vt, cn bng quang hp - h hp v cu trc ca rng. S BKH buc cc sinh vt phi thay i thch nghi vi mi trng sng bng cch thay i chu k sinh trng hoc pht trin c im thch nghi mi trn c th. Cc nh hng quan st c gn y cho thy: Nhit nc bin tng gy hin tng ty trng san h v l nguyn nhn gy cht trn din rng cc di san h ngm t vng bin Australia n Caribbean.

Loi chim bin Common Murre thay i thi gian sinh sn t 24 ngy/thp k thnh 24 ngy/50 nm thch ng vi hin tng nhit tng ln. Loi chim hong anh Baltimore ang di chuyn v hng bc v s sm bin mt hon ton khi khu vc Baltimore. Gu Bc cc ang i mt vi nguy c khan him thc n.

Nhiu loi khc s phi ng u vi nhng thch thc bt thng. V d, gii tnh ca ra bin mi sinh ph thuc vo nhit ; khi nhit nng ln s lng ra ci sinh ra s tng so vi s lng ra c. S thay i v chuyn dch ca cc i kh hu, i thm thc vt t nhin dn ti nguy c e da s sng ca cc loi sinh vt. Nhng loi khng c kh nng thch nghi vi nhng bin i kh hu c nguy c b tuyt chng. Theo c tnh, khong mt triu loi c nguy c tuyt chng do bin i kh hu, bao gm c loi thn ln rng Boyd v loi cy Sebifera Virola Brazil. Gn y, cc loi cc vng v ch c hon ton bin mt v chng c coi l nhng nn nhn u tin ca hin tng bin i kh hu. Bng tan, nc bin dng lm thay i cc h sinh thi t nhin. Tc ng n sc khe con ngi

S bin i kh hu dn n s xut hin v gia tng ca nhiu loi dch bnh nh t, cm, vim phi... thm ch cc bnh huyt p v bnh thn kinh. Cc bnh lin quan n thay i nhit , v d: St cao do qu nng, mt nhit do qu lnh. Tng nguy c t vong do cc t nng nng/ lnh ko di Tng cc bnh d ng, vim mi, hen suyn...

Gia tng cc bnh nh st rt, st xut huyt do nhit v m tng l iu kin thun li cho mui pht trin. Gia tng cc bnh lin quan n ng tiu ha do nhit v m tng l iu kin thun li cho cc loi nm mc pht trin. Gia tng cc bnh do k sinh trng. Chuyn dch vng nhim bnh do cc loi cn trng v vt mang bnh.

S BKH l mi e da ln ca ton nhn loi v vy m mi c nhn u phi c thc bo v mi trng sn c ca mnh. Chin lc ng ph vi bin i kh hu

ng ph vi BKH c hai kha cnh: Gim nh BKH v thch ng vi n. Gim nh

Theo Ban Lin Chnh ph v Bin i kh hu (IPCC) gim nh c ngha l: S can thip ca con ngi nhm lm gim ngun pht thi kh nh knh, hoc ci thin cc b cha kh nh knh. Thch ng

Thch ng cp n kh nng t iu chnh ca mt h thng thch nghi vi nhng bin i ca kh hu nhm gim nh nhng nguy c thit hi, i ph vi nhng hu qu (c th xy ra) hoc tn dng nhng c hi. Hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh hu Tnh cp thit ca hnh ng

Bin i kh hu thc s tr thnh mt trong nhng thch thc ln nht trong th k XIX v ngy cng tc ng mnh m trn ton th gii, nh hng n tt c cng ng. ng ph vi bin i kh hu khng ch l vic ca ring B, Ngnh no m cn l ca ton dn. Thin tai v cc hin tng kh hu cc oan khc ang gia tng hu ht cc ni trn th gii, nhit v mc nc bin trung bnh ton cu tip tc tng nhanh cha tng c v ang l mi lo ngi ca cc quc gia trn th gii. BKH s tc ng nghim trng n sn xut, i sng v mi trng trn phm vi ton th gii: n 2080 sn lng ng cc c th gim 2 - 4%, gi s tng 13 - 45%, t l dn s b nh hng ca nn i chim 36-50%; mc nc bin dng cao gy ngp lt, gy nhim mn ngun nc, nh hng n nng nghip, v gy ri ro ln i vi cng nghip v cc h thng kinh t - x hi trong tng lai. Cc cng trnh h tng c thit k theo cc tiu chun hin ti s kh an ton v cung cp y cc dch v trong tng lai. Nhit khng kh ca Tri t ang c xu hng nng dn ln: t nm 1850 n nay nhit trung bnh tng 0,74oC, trong nhit ti 2 cc ca Tri t tng gp 2 ln so vi s liu trung bnh ton cu; v theo d bo nhit trung bnh ca Tri t c th tng ln 1,1 6,4oC ti nm 2100, t mc cha tng c trong lch s 10.000 nm qua. S dng cao ca mc nc bin gy ngp ng v xm nhp mn cc vng thp ven bin v xa s nhiu o trn bin v i dng. Trong th k XX, trung bnh mc nc bin Chu

dng cao 2,44 mm/nm, ch ring thp k va qua l 3,1mm/nm. D bo trong th k XIX, mc nc bin dng cao t 2,8 4,3mm/nm. S BKH gy ra nhiu nh hng xu i vi t nhin v i sng con ngi Nhiu b, ngnh, a phng trin khai cc chng trnh, d n nghin cu tnh hnh din bin v tc ng ca BKH n ti nguyn, mi trng, s pht trin KT-XH, xut v bc u thc hin cc gii php ng ph. Tuy vy, nhng c gng ni trn l cha m bo ng ph c hiu qu vi nhng tc ng trc mt v tim tng ca BKH. Hnh ng ng ph vi BKH l rt cn thit v cp bch i vi ton nhn loi. Hnh ng ca chng ta

Gim tc ca bin i kh hu c lin quan n nhiu lnh vc nh nn kinh t chng ta phi lm. Hin nay tt c cc nc trn th gii ang s dng ngun nhin liu c ngun gc ha thch nh du la, than ... Cn phi s dng nhin liu ha thch mt cch hp l gim kh thi nh knh. Chng ta cn phi tit kim nng lng, s dng cc hnh thc nng lng khc nh nhin liu sinh hc, nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri, nng lng nguyn t... thay th cc nhin liu dng nhin liu ho thch nh than , du la. C rt nhiu cc bin php lin ngnh v i hi cc chnh sch ph hp vi tng nc v tng a phng vi mc tiu ti a. Mt khc, chng ta phi lm sao c nhng bin php i ph thch nghi sng cng bin i kh hu v trnh thit hi ti a, chnh sch, truyn thng cc bin php ng ph. Khi chng ta p bin chng ta trng rng ngp mn pha ngoi bo v. c th gii quyt vn bin i kh hu th gii cn tng cng cc bin php nhm gim thiu pht thi kh nh knh t cc nc cng nghip v huy ng s tham gia nhiu hn na ca cc nc ang pht trin, ra cc bin php khuyn khch cc nc ny hn ch mc pht thi, ng thi m bo tng trng kinh t. Nng cao nhn thc cng ng v pht trin ngun nhn lc, tranh th s gip h tr ca cc t chc quc t. Tin hnh nhng ci thin nng lng c hiu qu hoc c cc nhin liu sch hn. Cc nc gii hn hoc giam thiu khi nha kinh thng qua ky thut. Co u t va lun chuyn tai chinh cac nc ang phat trin co th giam nhe va thich nghi vi bin i khi hu ma khng anh hng n tng trng kinh t cua ho. Rng giup giam nhe bin i khi hu: giam pha rng, tit kim nng lng va gia tng cac ngun nhin liu khng phai t hoa thach (l vic trng li cc khu rng c, loi cy rt hiu qu trong vic chn sng bin).

Gio dc, tuyn truyn ph bin rng ri cc gii php lm gim thiu nhng thit hi v thch ng vi nhng hu qu do bin i kh hu gy ra ti cc a phng

Cc nh khoa hc, cc nh lnh o v qun l xc nhn c hai nhm gii php quan trng nht i ph vi nhng thch thc do s BKH gy ra l cc gii php gim thiu cc thit hi v cc gii php thch ng vi nhng thay i ca iu kin t nhin, kinh t - x hi do BKH gy ra. iu ng ch l cc gii php ny rt a dng, phong ph song phi ph hp vi tnh hnh c th v iu kin t nhin, kinh t - x hi v dn c ca tng a phng. BKH c th dn n nhng hu qu khc nhau i vi mi khu vc. Bo ln c sc tn ph mnh vng ven bin trc tip gy st l b bin, trn ngp nc mn, ph hy cng trnh xy dng, nh ca.., song i vi vng ni li gy ma ln, l lt, l qut, st l ng gy nn nhng tn tht v thit hi to ln khng km. V vy tuyn truyn ph bin su rng cc kin thc, kinh nghim c th ca cc a phng c hon cnh tng t l rt cn thit v c tc dng thit thc. Cn ch trng gio dc, tuyn truyn cho nhn dn cc vng a phng tinh thn tch cc, ch ng i ph vi nhng thch thc do BKH gy ra theo phng chm ti ch, da vo sc mnh l chnh. Bin i kh hu Vit Nam Tnh hnh bin i kh hu nc ta

Nhng biu hin ca bin i kh hu S nng ln ca kh quyn v Tri t ni chung.

S thay i thnh phn v cht lng kh quyn c hi cho mi trng sng ca con ngi v cc sinh vt trn Tri t. S dng cao mc nc bin do bng tan, dn ti s ngp ng cc vng t thp, cc o nh trn bin. S di chuyn ca cc i kh hu tn ti hng nghn nm trn cc vng khc nhau ca Tri t dn ti nguy c e do s sng ca cc loi sinh vt, cc h sinh thi v hot ng ca con ngi.

S thay i cng hot ng ca qu trnh hon lu kh quyn, chu trnh tun hon nc trong t nhin v cc chu trnh sinh a ho khc. S thay i nng sut sinh hc ca cc h sinh thi, cht lng v thnh phn ca thu quyn, sinh quyn, cc a quyn. C s xut hin ca nhiu thin tai bt thng, tri quy lut, mc ln nh bo, ma ln, hn hn gy ln nhng tn tht to ln v ngi v ti sn. Kch bn bin i kh hu nc ta trong tng lai

Chin lc ng ph vi bin i kh hu Vit Nam Chin lc gim thiu Chin lc ng ph Tc ng ca bin i kh hu n cc vng lnh th nc ta Vng trung du, min ni Bc B v ng bng sng Hng Nc bin dng v nguy c gia tng thin tai Tc ng n sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc Gim nh v thch ng Hnh ng ca chng ta Vng Bc Trung B v Duyn hi Nam Trung B Nc bin dng v nguy c gia tng thin tai Tc ng n cc h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc Gim nh v thch ng Hnh ng ca chng ta Vng Ty Nguyn Nguy c gia tng thin tai Tc ng n ti nguyn t, nc v sn xut nng nghip

Tc ng n cc h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc Gim nh v thch ng Hnh ng ca chng ta ng Nam B v ng bng sng Cu Long Nc bin dng v nguy c gia tng hin tng xm nhp mn

BKH gy tn tht nng n cho ngi dn vng ng Nam B v ng bng sng Cu Long: nc bin dng, gy ngp lt nhiu tnh: Nu nh nm 1990, TP.HCM ch c 10 im ngp th n nm 2003, s im ngp tng ln 80 im v hin l 100 im ngp.Th.s Hong Phi Long, H Bch Khoa d tnh, nu mc thy triu nh ch cn tng ln 50cm na th gn nh 90% din tch t ca TPHCM u b ngp. Kho st ca Vin Khoa hc Kh tng thy vn v mi trng cho bit, ti Bn Tre, mc nc bin dng ln khong 20 cm so vi cch y 10 nm, hin tng thi tit cc oan xut hin ngy cng nhiu. Trc y vng ny khng h c bo nhng nm 2007 c bo.... Do bin i kh hu, nhim mn tng ln khong 20% so vi trc 10 nm Tc ng n sn xut nng nghip v an ninh lng thc

Gim nh v thch ng Hnh ng ca chng ta Mi lin h gia ni dung ha hc vi cc vn bin i kh hu Nhng ni dung ca s bin i kh hu c lin quan Bng k cc ni dung c lin quan n bin i kh hu trong chng trnh ha hc phn hidrocacbon lp 11 Xy dng ti liu h tr dy hc tch hp cc vn bin i kh hu Cc thng tin b sung Bi tp thc tin Tiu kt chng 2

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