mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the levantine basin
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Multi-disciplinary studies for understanding the Seamounts in the Levantine Basin – Eastern
Mediterranean
Dr. V. Lykousis Research Director
Institute of Oceanography-HCMR
Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in
the Levantine basin
![Page 2: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
outline -Mud volcanoes? -Significance -Gas Hydrates -Anaximandrer Mts -Florence Rise and Eratosthenes SM -Conclusions/further work
![Page 3: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mud volcanoes (MV) The term mud volcanoes or mud domes are used to refer to morphological formations similar to earth volcanoes created by geo-excreted liquids and gases like fluid mud, hydrocarbons (methane) and various rock clasts originated from deep sources. Highly compressed deep sediment strata is the cause of upward migration of the geofluids through raptures or major fault zones. Usually are associated with subduction zones and mega (thick) sediment sliding.
![Page 4: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Olympi FIELD
![Page 6: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cita et al.,1996; Robertson et al.,1998
DeLange & Brumsack, 1998 Dahlmann & DeLange, 2003
Napoli MV
CRETE
SSW NNE
![Page 7: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Significance of MV Mud volcanoes are often associated with petroleum deposits and the active ones are the seabed witnesses for the presence of deep hydrocarbon resources Mud volcanoes are “oasis” of symbiotic benthic communities providing the primary energy/food (carbon) source from the hydrocarbons (chemosynthesis) Mud volcanoes are associated with the creation of hydrocarbon clathrate/gas hydrate deposits.
![Page 8: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Isorropodon perplexum 2-14 mm
Myrtea amorpha 8-20 mm
Idas modiolaeformis 2-17 mm
Typical benthic communities of mud volcanoes
Lucinoma kazani 15 -40 mm
Thyasira striata 2-9 mm
![Page 9: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3 см
В
CH4.6H2O
Methane hydrate structure
Gas hydrates or hydrates
![Page 10: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sea bed
Sea water
Sub-bottom Sediments + CH4 +GH
Fluid mud+CH4 +H2O Relatively high To
CH4 free gas
Upward free gas dispersion and
Cooling
![Page 11: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Г 1 см
1 m3 Gas hydrate=164m3 CH4 Future Energy Source
Contribution to the Global Change
Contribution to slope instabilities-hazards
CH4 Fluidized hydrates
CH4 gas Temperature
increase
![Page 12: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Το μέλλον της θαλάσσιας ερευνας στην Ελλάδα, Ιδρυμα Ευγενίδου 14-15 Νοεμβρίου 2011
Morpho-bathymetric map of the Mediterranean
CIESM and IFREMER
Anaximander Mts
Florence rise
Eratosthenes SM
![Page 13: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
May, 2003
November, 2004
ANAXIMANDER EU Project
![Page 14: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Gas hydrate sites (sampled) Gas hydrate sites (inferred)
ANAXIMANDER
R/V AEGAIO 2003,2004
![Page 15: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bathymetric/Backscatter image. High backscatter (ORANGE) probably from mud breccia with methane gas indicating MUD
VOLCANISM
![Page 16: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Amsterdam
Kazan
Kula
Athina
Thessaloniki ~1200m
![Page 17: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Amsterdam Mud Volcano
Central crater
Shaded relief and backscatter image. Dark blue indicates high backscatter (fluid mud with methane gas
and rock clasts from deep sources)
2 km
![Page 18: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 50 100 150 200CH4 [nM]
dept
h [d
bar]
03 CT 1
05 CT 1
08 CT 1
020
406080
100
120140
0 2500 5000
CH4 [µmol/l wet sed]
dept
h [c
mbs
f]
AN 05 BC5-1
AN 05 GC3
AMSTERDAM MV
Water column
Subbottom sediments
Methane plume
Methane hydrates
SEA BED
G.de Lange team, Un. of
Utrecht
![Page 20: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
GH AN05BC3 AN05GC3
2004
1 Box core
13 Gravity cores
5 MAK
4 APCA
3 Gravity cores
10 Box cores
2003 AMSTERDAM MUD VOLCANO
GH AX02GC2 AX06GC1 AX09GC1 AX10GC1 AX11GC1 AX15GC1
Sampling sites
![Page 22: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Slow depressuarisation –collection of released methane from GH- actual methane
concentration/volume sediment (Vmeth/Vsed)
High in-situ pressure
![Page 23: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hydrocarbon (methane gas) potential of the Anaximander MVs
(Lykousis et al., 2009)
Rough estimations of the total volume of methane gas in the Anaximander MVs are about 6.40 km3 (6.40 109 m3 of methane gas), - if the base of GH/BSR at 200 m (Praeg et al., 2007) - and assuming uniform density of GH with burial depth
![Page 24: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In 2005 (scale 1/2000 000)
Florence rise
Eratosthenes SM
![Page 25: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Florence rise
Woodside et al., 2002
Anaximander Mts
TEXEL MV
Woodside et al., 2002
DSDP drilling
Activity of Texel MV? GH??
![Page 26: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
J.Mascle Fluid seepages from
backscatter images of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
ERATOSTHENES SM
![Page 27: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
J.Mascle Fluid seepages from
backscatter images of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
NAUTILUS Expeditions 2008?, 2011, 2012
![Page 28: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
NAUTILUS Expedition (www.nautiluslive.org)
![Page 29: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NAUTILUS Expedition (www.nautiluslive.org)
![Page 30: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS / FURTHER WORK
-Detailed investigations on the Florence rise MVs and methane seeps of the Eratosthenes SM (multibeam, ROV observations and sampling, seabed coring, water column sampling etc), Benthic biodiversity-benthic habitat mapping of the Eratosthenes SM
-extension of methane seepage on Eratosthenes SM? activity of MVs (methane plumes?), GH on Florence rise?, complicate geology (“columnar” limestones?) etc
![Page 31: Mud volcanoes hydrates and methane seepage in the Levantine basin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052514/58688b1e1a28ab917d8b4a99/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Thank you