Muliti-frequency observations of Blazars

P. Giommi Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

+ many collaborators: Swift team, S. Puccetti, M. Capalbi, M. Perri, D. Gasparrini, E. Cavazzuti, (ASDC), S. Colafrancesco, E. Massaro, P. Padovani.

AGN : Two main categories 1. Dominated by accretion - disk

emission - AP-AGN2. Dominated by Non-Thermal

radiation - jet emission - NT-AGN

Blazars: NT-AGN viewed at a small angle

w.r.t. jet axisRadio Galaxies:NT-AGN viewed at a large angle

w.r.t. jet axisBroad-line radio galaxies (e.g.

3c120) :A combination of AP-AGN and “mis-directed” NT-AGN

Blazars and the AGN paradigm

Two blazar types

FSRQ

BL Lac objects

3C 279 : a Low energy peaked Blazar (LBL)

MKN 421 : a High energy peaked BL Lac (HBL)

All blazars presently known(see poster by Massaro et al.)

Catalog of confirmed literature blazars. Compiled in support to AGILE and GLAST missions

Currently covers

0 < R.A. < 15 hrs : 1449 objects

> 2000 objects when complete (~ end 2007)

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Blazars are the dominantpopulation of extragalactic sources at• Microwave frequencies• Gamma-ray• TeV band

•194 FSRQs•38 BL Lacs•30 Radio galaxies•15 Steep sp. QSO•2 starburst galaxies•2 planetary nebule

•41 unidentified

323 bright sources

The large majority of bright WMAP foreground sources are blazars or radio galaxies

WMAP CMB fluctuation map

Blazars @ -wave frequencies: the 3-year WMAP data

Bright foreground source catalog

Planck will be in a vey similar situation to that of GLAST - LAT(thousands of deteced blazars + contribution to unresolved flux).

All microwave selected blazars are X-ray sources.

2007 A&A, in press

GLAST-LAT - 1 year simulation

- 3,000-10,000 detected blazars- significant contribution to CGB from unresolved

blazars with radio/-wave flux <~ 100 mJy

Simbol-X bandpass

Blazar contribution to CXB and Simbol-X

~10% at 1 keV~30-50% at 80 keV

~20% at 30 keV

€

I = S ⋅dN

dS⋅dS

S min

S max

∫

Swift XRT serendipitous sources in GRBs pointigs :

the “perfect” serendipitous survey ~1 blazar/field expected with radio flux > 10 mJy!

209 deep (4x104-6x105 seconds) GRB exposures analyzed

~15,500 sources detected with positional uncertainty of 4-6 arscecs.

143 fields are at |bII| > 20 : ~11,500 sources

242 radio/X-ray matches (blazar candidates)

Swift XRT serendipitous survey in GRB deep fields:

status as of end of April 2007

Swift J015700.6+085403 :

fx ~5x10-14erg/cm2/s, 122 mJy @ 1.4 GHz

Swift J101724.4+432905: FSRQ, z=1.1735

fx ~6x10-14erg/cm2/s, 197 mJy @ 1.4 GHz

• >200 Swift deep GRB fields available today (>20 sq deg of sky) (300 at the end of 2007)

• 150-200 blazars in radio flux limited sample (f5GHz = 10 mJy)

• 400-500 blazars in X-ray flux limite sample • Extensive multi-frequency data available (in principle) (from GRB follow-up observations)

Radio LogN-LogS to 10 mJy, radio LF + Cosmological evolution Volume-limited X-ray survey to z=0.5 for Lx > 5.e42 erg/s

Tight constraints to microwave, hard-Xray and gamma-ray backgrounds, including a better estimate on the number of absorbed AGN needed to explain the CXB.

Deep Blazars survey in Swift GRB fields

High-power HBLsThe case of BZB J1456+5048

(Z=0.479)

Rosat luminosity ~ 5x1046 erg/s

RosatSDSS data

NVSS

SDSS optical spectrum

High-power HBLsThe case of BZB J1456+5048

(Z=0.479)

A Simbol-X observation of 3C279 with same spectrum as in Jan 2007

and with flux/100 = 6 Crab

A Simbol-X observation of BZB J1456+5048

Conclusions

Blazar population studies in different wavebands will tightly constrain their contribution to the CXB and will better quantify the need for absorbed AGN in CXB synthesis models.

Simbol-X has will greatly improve the statistics of blazars in a very poorly explored energy band and will be a great instrument to study non-thermal emission from accelerated particles in radio galaxies and blazars jets