Slide 1

Slide 2

Multi-cellular Eukaryotes Cell Wall Chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Slide 3

ALGAE

Slide 4

Become less dependent on water & More resistant to sun rays = cuticle More capable of conserving water = vascular tissue More capable of reproducing without water = seeds

Slide 5

Non Vascular = Plants that lack specialized transport tissues Vascular = plants that have specialized transport tissues

Slide 6

Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Slide 7

Life cycle depends on water for reproduction Non - Vascular NO SEEDS Ex = Moss

Slide 8

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

Slide 9

SEEDS On CONES Vascular

Slide 10

Flowering Plants Bear Seeds within a layer of tissue Vascular

Slide 11

All Vascular Consist of: Roots Stems Leaves

Slide 12

Dermal epidermis & cuticle Vascular transports materials Xylem Carries Water Phloem Carries Food and Nutrients Ground makes up the roots

Slide 13

Tap Root (ex: carrot) Roots grow from the Root Cap through the soil Fibrous Root (ex: grass)

Slide 14

Leaves are responsible for capturing light energy and harvesting it to perform photosynthesis

Slide 15

Slide 16

Energy flow through the ecosystem allows life to exist. Some organisms produce their own food as energy, such as autotrophs (producers) Some convert sunlight into food by the process of photosynthesis. Ex: plants, algae Some convert chemicals into food by the process of chemosynthesis. Ex: sulfur bacteria in deep sea. Energy is stored in food as chemical energy.

Slide 17

Organisms that cannot produce their own food must eat to get energy, and are referred to as heterotrophs, or consumers. All organisms use the process of cellular respiration to obtain the energy from food. Some of the released energy is used right away in metabolic activities. Most of the energy is stored in packages called ATP for later use.

Slide 18

Inside of chloroplasts which are located in cells of the green parts of plants

Slide 19

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process by which: Plants (producers) use light energy and transform it into chemical energy (food) water carbon dioxide oxygen glucose TAKE INAND USINGMAKE PLANTS (producers) light chlorophyll

Slide 20

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 light chlorophyll

Slide 21

ATP = adenosine triphosphate ADP = adenosine diphosphate ADP + P ATP (stored energy) Energy from food can be stored in the bonds that bind a phosphate to the ADP molecule. ATP ADP + P (energy released) Stored energy is later released when the bond breaks between the ADP and P.

Slide 22

Energy is stored in ATP Stored energy (created by cellular respiration) Released energy (used for cellular activities)

Slide 23

Slide 24

energy

Slide 25

Plants appear GREEN because they reflect this color of light (and they absorb red, orange, and violet) Compounds that absorb and reflect wavelengths of light are called pigments.

Slide 26

Photos courtesy of flowerpictures.net and picturesof.net

Slide 27

What do we call the compounds that absorb and reflect wavelengths of light? pigments Which pigment reflects the green wavelengths thereby making plants appear green? chlorophyll Where would we find chlorophyll? chloroplasts Why do we see colors???

Slide 28

Intensity of light high light, high rate Carbon dioxide concentration high CO 2, high rate Temperature A certain range works best, too hot or too cold affects the work of enzymes

Slide 29

Remember: Autotrophs use photosynthesis to make food. Heterotrophs AND autotrophs use cellular respiration by then taking that food and breaking it down to get the energy out. This energy is used for growth, development, reproduction, healing, and the many other things that living things need energy for. Plants (autotrophs) usually use photosynthesis during more during the day respiration more heavily at night.

Slide 30

Slide 31

Where do we find chloroplasts?

Slide 32

Slide 33

Transpiration loss of water through leaves Guard Cells Change the size of the stomata to control amount of water released. This takes place in STOMATA which is a pore-like opening

Slide 34

Take place in CONES Pollen Cones MALE (produce male gametophyte) Seed Cones FEMALE (produce female gametophyte)

Slide 35

Pollination happens when the pollen is RELEASED from male Fertilization happens when the pollen grains land near ovule

Slide 36

Slide 37

Pollination happens when POLLEN lands on STIGMA

Slide 38

Fruit any seed that is enclosed within its embryo wall

Slide 39

FLESHY surrounding is fleshy DRY dry outside

Slide 40

Early growth stage of plant embryo Steps: 1. Absorbs water 2. Seeds open from swollen tissue 3. Young root emerges & grows

Slide 41

Vegetative Reproduction Includes production of new plants from horizontal stems, from planters & underground roots Benefits: doesnt involve pollination 2 methods: horizontal stems, planters & underground roots

Slide 42

Plant Propagation horticulturist use cutting, grafting or budding to make identical copies of a plant BENEFITS - produce offspring from seedless plants 3 FORMS Cutting cut from plant, place in special soil Grafting stem out from parent, placed on plant that has stable root for a strong root system Budding buds used to place on stock

Slide 43

Slide 44

Hormones control of plants pattern of growth & development & plant response Auxins stimulate cell elongation Cytokinins stimulate cell development & growth of lateral buds, cause dormant seeds to sprout Gibberillins (1) dramatic increase in size of plant, part in stem & fruit Ethylene (1) stimulate to ripen fruit, dying leaves, & flowers

Slide 45

Gravitropism response to gravity Phototropism response to light Thigmotropism response to touch Photoperiodism response to light & darkness Winter dormancy photosynthetic pathway turned off Leaf abscission losing leaves during colder months

Slide 46

3 ways plants adapt to life in water 1. Seeds that float 2. Grow quick 3. Shoots grow above water

Slide 47

Submerged in Water: No Cuticles to Prevent Water Loss Reduced Roots Chloroplasts are restricted to the upper portions Salty Conditions: Specialized cells that pump salt out Desert Plants: Extensive roots Reduced leaves Thick stems Poor Soil: Carnivores Parasites

Slide 48

Growth on other plants Shade Tolerance and a way of extracting nutrients Fight Insects Defend themselves against insects attack by manufacturing compounds that have powerful effects on animals