multi-level linear referencing system (mllrs) cost - benefit

MULTI-LEVEL LINEAR REFERENCING SYSTEM (MLLRS) COST/BENEFIT

VALUE ANALYSIS STUDY

Requested by:

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

Standing Committee on Highways

Prepared by:

Renee L. Hoekstra, CVS RH & Associates, Inc.

Glendale, Arizona

May 2011 The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 20-07, Task 302,

National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board.

SPECIAL NOTE: This report IS NOT an official publication of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, or The

National Academies.

Acknowledgements This study was requested by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and conducted as part of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 08-36. The NCHRP is supported by annual voluntary contributions from the state Departments of Transportation. Project 08-36 is intended to fund quick response studies on behalf of the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. The report was prepared by Renee L. Hoekstra, CVS, President of RH & Associates, Inc. The work was guided by a task group chaired by Peggi Knight (Iowa DOT) which included Jonathan J. DuChateau (Wisconsin DOT); John Farley (North Carolina DOT), Oscar E. Jarquin (California DOT); Matt Koukol (Ramsey County GIS); Paul E. Krugler (Texas A&M University); Greg Slater (Maryland SHA); Reginald Souleyrette (Iowa State University); Robert "Bob" Pollack (FHWA) and Keith Platte (AASHTO). The project was managed by Nanda Srinivasan, NCHRP Senior Program Officer. The Value Analysis Study, which provided the information for this report, required the use of the SAVE International Value Analysis 6-Step Job Plan and was administered by Renee L. Hoekstra, a Certified Value Specialist. The VA Study Team providing the information in this document included the following members; Jerome “Joe” Breyer, Works Consulting, LLC, Gilbert, Arizona, is identified as a technical expert and also represented the Arizona Department of Transportation, Multimodal Planning Division; Jun Wu, North Carolina Department of Transportation, IT-GIS Division; Michael Ney Sheffer, Maryland State Highway Administration; Thomas Martin, Minnesota Department of Transportation; Peggi Knight, Iowa Department of Transportation; Eric Abrams, Iowa Department of Transportation; Michael Clement, Iowa Department of Transportation; Karen Carroll, Iowa Department of Transportation; Ryan Wyllie, Iowa Department of Transportation; Oscar Jarquin, Caltrans IT Department; Reg Souleyrette, Iowa State University; Bruce Aquila, Intergraph; and Gary Waters, ESRI. Disclaimer The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the team that performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board or its sponsors. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This document is not a report of the Transportation Research Board or of the National Research Council.

MULTI-LEVEL LINEAR REFERENCING SYSTEM (MLLRS) COST/BENEFIT

VALUE ANALYSIS STUDY

Requested by:

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

Standing Committee on Highways

Authors: Renee L. Hoekstra, CVS, RH & Associates, Inc., Glendale, Arizona Jerome P. Breyer, Works Consulting LLC,

Gilbert, Arizona

TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 – Executive Summary .................................................................. 2 Chapter 2 – Introduction and Methodology ................................................. 8 Chapter 3 – Measures of MLLRS Success ................................................. 10 Chapter 4 – Defining the Use and Function of a MLLRS ......................... 17 Chapter 5 – Costs, Savings and Improvement Statistics ............................ 25 Chapter 6 – Implementation of MLLRS ..................................................... 32 Chapter 7 – Glossary of Terms ................................................................... 34 Chapter 8 - References ................................................................................ 35

ABSTRACT This report documents the outcome of the Value Analysis (VA) Study which was conducted at the Iowa Department of Transportation in Ames Iowa on April 6-8, 2011. The purpose of the VA Study was to identify the costs and benefits of implementing and maintaining a statewide Multi-Level Linear Referencing System (MLLRS). The VA Study followed the SAVE International 6-step job plan which helped to identify the various aspects of a statewide MLLRS including; System Needs, Constraints, Performance Attributes, Qualitative and Quantitative Benefits, Defined Users/Business Units, System Functions, Alignment with the 10 Functional Requirements of Report 20-27, Costs for Developing and Maintaining a Baseline MLLRS and Implementation Considerations. The findings of the study represent a 5-year breakeven point for the baseline and the optional functional elements with potential overall cost/benefit savings of $12.6 million for a state with 25,000 miles of road network.

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sentation of

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ance departmnal activity coproject costs by creating ic. by providin

business data

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of risk for litimbers represe

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ments by imposts. by improvinless impacts

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ual Benefits

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to quantify bRS should als

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e baseline fuem. The twoTable 1 abov

11 baseline arrative whic

he completelly exhaustivtegrate datahat use differegrate systetems that arecation or spaate systems cvels of the sy

functionalityransportationg business apated the needng the linear ecify the opedatum). Thi

aged in the bu

k is tied to thk provided bycessary.

nts when a tration of objeamed, renum


unctions neco-word functve.

functions. Tch describes

e set of anchove ordered sea by providirent referenc

ems as legace designed toatial referenccan translatystem.

y to maintain network anpplications sd for MLLRSdatum with

erational statis can be trausiness appl

he linear daty MLLRS sh

ransportationects and even

mbered, reali


cessary for ations that

Those s the Baselin

or sections aet of linear ing a mechancing methody systems aro use the cing methodte positions

in the datumnd evolving ince earlier S to supporbeginning a

tus of the anslated to thlications.

tum through hould allow

n system is nts must notgned, extend

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and

nism ds. re

ds can

m

t and

he

for

t be ded,

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By virtuemultiple

Finally, tdelivers twill typicwhereas clients th

In considbaseline

Functionand modiand even

Functionable to gepositionselement.

Functiondatum to

Functionbetween

Functionguide gen

The otheVI-dynambe accomGIS funcAPIs can

Two optinot scoreestablish

ulti-Level Linea

e of multiplee modes (rail

the MLLRS the full MLLcally be utilia smaller foo

hat attach to

deration of thapplication p

nal Requireify traversal

nts have begi

nal Requireenerate a dats and distanc

nal Requiretransform b

nal Requireactive traver

nal Requireneral data us

r five functiomics, VIII-ac

mmodated byctionality if tn be structure

ional functioe into the bas

some costs/


e LRMs, the l, transit, ped

needs to havLRS maintenized to manaotprint of theor utilize the

he Functionaprogrammin

ments I: Sps (i.e. routesinning and en

ments II: Ttum which r

ces over the h

ments III: Tbusiness data

ments VII: rsal dates an

ments IX: Ose.

onal requiremccuracy and y the same apthe model ined to provide

onal elementseline functio/benefits for


MLLRS wildestrians, bik

ve a useablenance abilitieage all 10 of e API can bee MLLRS.

al Requiremeng interface s

patiotempors) and the evnding time d

Temporal Reelates the elehistory of ea

Transformaasets between

Historical Dnd event date

Object-Leve

ments (IV-merror propag

pplication prncorporates the functionali

s where idenons categorytypical addi


ll naturally eke paths, and

e applicationes to the GISthe NCHRP

e exposed to

ents I througshall therefo

ral Referencvents that occdurations.

eferencing Sectronic linkach and each

ation of Datn disparate b

Databases –es to display

el Metadata

multiple cartogation, X-temrogramminghe framewority to specifi

ntified from y. The purpoitions above


enhance LRd airports in

n programmS/LRS updatP 20-27(3) fuo the busines

gh X of Repoore address:

cing Methodcur along tra

System/Temk-node topolh transport lin

a Sets – mubusiness syst

– must utilizenetwork sta

a – must acce

ographic repmporal topo

g interface (Ark provisionic uses.

the remaininose of analythe baseline


RS as it proviaddition to

ming interfate team. Thiunctional reqss/operationa

ort 460 show

ds – must beaversals – an

mporal Datulogy to the renk, with tim

st be able totems.

e the time coates and even

ess object le

presentationsology/latencyAPI), or evenns of NCHRP

ng set of funyzing these fue functions.


ides supporroads).

ace (API) whis full interfaquirements al units or w

wn above, th

e able to creand these rout

um – must beeal world

me being an

o utilize the

omponent nts over histo

evel metadata

s, V-resolutiy) can ultiman by the baseP 20-27 (3).

nctions that dunctions was

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rt for

hich ace

eb

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ate tes

e

ory.

a to

on, ately e

did s to

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The optio

1) Lthth

2) Manin

3) Mp

Use of M

There areinformaticommunmethod tMLLRS encompaagency.

Table 2 –BusinessLRS Ma

Asset M

Sign/Sig Mainten Pavemen Structure Inter-age

Safety M HighwaySystem (

ulti-Level Linea

onal function

LRM Develohan is part ofhat was not a

Manage Chand the synchntegrate into

Model Connossibilities a

MLLRS

e many diffeion from theication, reduo method trais being use

assing list. H

– Business/Os/Operationa

aintenance

anagement

gnal Inventory

ance Manage

nt Manageme

es/Bridge Ma

ency Planning

Management S

y Performanc(HPMS)


nal elements

opment is def the baselinas highly conange is definhronization o the MLLRSectivity is d

and other con

erent uses fore available dauced liabilityanslation thrd in many ag

However, it p

Operational al Unit

y

ement

ent System

anagement Sy

g and Data Sh

System

e Monitoring


s include:

efined as thee plan – extensidered durned as data frof business dS. defined as ennnectivity is

r a MLLRSata to facilita

y and reducerough a commgencies throrovides info

Unit and UsUse CreameasCollefashiCapt

ProvmainCollepave

ystem Collebridg

haring Collebetwthe sCollerelat

g Collethe H


e opportunityending the Mring the baserom one busdata, cascadi

nabling a roussues like un

which will iate better ded duplicatiomon linear dughout the U

ormation in s

Use or Benefior Benefit

ation, maintensures ection, creatioion ture, managem

vide resource ntenance activection, creatio

ement conditioection, creatioge, overpass aection, planni

ween local govstate DOT ection, managed informatioection and ma

HPMS regulat


y to integrateMLLRS to a eline developsiness systeming the chang

utable networnconnected g

improve an iecision-makin of efforts.

datum. The United Statesupport of ad

fit within the

nance of the L

on, maintenan

ment, analysi

allocation, wvities and repon, reporting,on data on, reporting,and other struing and sharinvernments, re

gement and aon aintenance oftory reports


e perhaps evmore obscu

pment. m to another ges to the ne

rk that is awgrade separat

integrated leing, improve A MLLRSfollowing iss. This is no

dopting a ML

e Unit

LRS geometry

nce of asset d

s of sign and

work schedulinorting of wor, maintenance

, maintenanceucture informang of transpo

egional planni

analysis of acc

f HPMS data


ven more dature LRM typ

business sysetwork to

ware of turnintions.

evel of ed highlights

s a list of howot an all-LLRS within

y, routes,

data in a digita

signal assets

ng for rk performede and analysis

e and analysisation rtation projecing agencies a

cident and saf

and provision

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ta e

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ng

w a

n an

al

s of

s of

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fety

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BusinessExecutiv

511

Traffic M

EnvironmComplia RoadwayProgramEquipmeMaterialRoadwayFinance ReportinEvaluatiLegislatiIntersect

Legal

Outdoor

Examp

Iowa De

The statereports toover the pGIS/LRS

ulti-Level Linea

s/Operationave Dashboard

Management C

mental Impacance

y Photo Log m Managemenent Manageml Managemeny Inventory Department

ng on Routing/Pive tions

Advertising

le Usages

partment o

e of Iowa useo the Federalpast 18 mon

S based datab


al Unit d

Center

ct Review/NE

nt ment

t

Planning

f Transport

es MLLRS tl Highway A

nths to changbase with a m


Use Easilvisuadata and rColletravecondoptioTraffsituaSigncontr

EPA PerfodeterwetlaLandRepoGPSGPSSuppSuppSuppUsedProvUsefpoinProvissueTrac

tation – HPM

o submit HigAdministratioge to the newmore normal


or Benefit ly accessed analization of Kto support dereports for prection and maelers; potentiaditions, constrons, etc. ffic or transpoational awarennal control, trarol, dispatch, orm environmrmine NEPA ands, endanged based photoort and track o-AVL, tracki tracking of m

ports HPMS rports reportinports all otherd to coordinatvides reports aful for traffic ts

vides multi-leves/cases cking location

MS 2010+

ghway Perfoon (FHWA)

w HPMS 201lized structu


nd easily usedKey Performanecision makinresentation puaintenance ofally includes wruction, conge

ortation operatness and contaffic flow conetc.

mental impactcompliance. ered species,

ographs of theon funding thing equipmenmaterial locatreporting, but

ng duties for sr types of requte statewide eand data to mand planning

vel, accessibl

ns for signage

ormance Mo. All states

10+ submittaure rather tha


d presentationnce Indicator

ng. Uses charurposes f data to commweather-relatestion, alterna

tions center thtrol of transpontrol, variable

t studies for p Looking at farchaeologic

e system hat has been pnt locations tions/storage lt also tracks otate and federuired or requeevacuation mo

meet requests g to store turni

le data to supp

e and billboard

onitoring Syswere faced wal format whan the old se


n and rs and associarts, graphs, m

municate to ted road ative travel

hat provides ortation device message sig

project work tfactors such acal sites, etc.

provided

locations other data ral agencies ested reportinodels

ing movemen

port tort liabi

ds

stem (HPMSwith a challehich is a gmented sys

sk 302, Board

ated maps

ces. n

to as

ng

nt

ility

S) enge

stem.

Mu

The HPMall busine

Iowa neeall to mildo transfeverythin Local datprobablyby refereBeing abpast IADto combiprocess tbetter rat

Arizona

The Arizdisparatedone for accomplieven in th

For examone that mLRMs fodata stew

All businenabled. that have“LRS Gepending f

For this pthan the lGeocodedifferent organizat

ulti-Level Linea

MS 2010+ daess data even

eded to be able point LRMformations, ing to mile po

ta authoritiey use more ofence post offble to combinDOT could sp

ne pavemeno eliminate tther than wo

Departmen

zona Departmely referencecrash data aishes MLLRhe same bus

mple, a trafficmakes the m

or each end oward’s need a

ness tables u This allows

e been validaeocoding”. Ofuture realig

purpose, the last build da is advised (business dat

tion to be qu


ata model usn on local ro

ble to locate M with consit is easy to coint for HPM

s usually wif an intersecfset, GPS locne data frompend weeks o

nt data with ithe user persrrying about

nt of Transp

ment of Traned data to a canalysis and tRS by allowin

iness table.

c crash, HPMmost sense toof the same eand understa

sing the MLs the entire eated against tOnce an evengnments.

last validatiate of the rou(resulting in tasets. Geo

uickly valida


ses a mile pooads.

all data usedistent routes.collect the daMS submittal

ll not use mition offset o

cation and mm different sy

or months trnventory datspective andt its location

portation – C

nsportation (Acommon linethen to meetng data stew

MS event or o the data proevent makinganding.

LLRS adopt aenterprise to the linear dant is LRS-ge

ion date is stute that it is man update to

oprocessing rated – in who


oint type line

d for HPMS . If there is ata in the datl.

ile points or or GPS locatimile point. ystems on therying to matcta, as an exa

d the users/ann.

Crashes, th

ADOT) has ear datum fort HPMS requ

wards to utiliz

other event ovider. Lineg the descrip

a compliant use any acc

atum. In Arieocoded, its

tored on eachmeasured upo the last valroutines enabole, or as ind


ear referencin

on their roaa good LRSta’s native lo

reference poion with a ro

e fly is the kch mile poinample. An Lnalyst can fo

en HPMS

been using Mr business puuirements. Aze any of the

can use anyear events caption of each

schema in oessible businizona, this varoute and m

h event recopon. Otherwlidation date ble businessdividual rout


ng method (

ad network a System withocation meth

osts to locateoute. State d

key in savingnts to referenLRS system aocus on maki

MLLRS to purposes. IniArizona’s Me multiple su

y LRM of chan even utilih event custo

order to beconess table haalidation pro

measure are r

rd and is expwise a precau

value) befors tables acrostes are built/


(LRM) to loc

and convert th the abilityhod and conv

e data. Theydata is collec

g time. In thnce post locaallows this ing the data

process itially this w

MLLRS upported LR

oice – usualize different omizable to t

ome MLLRSaving recordocess is calleelatively sta

pected to be utionary LRSre overlayinss the /rebuilt.

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cate

them y to vert

y will cted

he ations

itself

was

RMs -

ly

the

S-ds ed able –

later S ng

Mu

The availcapabilityThe MLLvalidate –validity oto make t

ulti-Level Linea

lability of upy to quickly LRS increase– positional of the other athe overall d


p-to-date LRassemble re

es efficiencyaspects of anaspects of thdatasets more


RS-geocodedeports from dy by minimizn event. The

he event (i.e. e reliable an


d business tabdifferent datazing the effoe saved timethe actual sh

nd accurate fo


ables provideasets into su

ort necessarye-effort can bhoulder wid

for better dec


es analysts wubmittals likey to keep tracbe used to im

dth, year of ccision-makin


with the e the HPMSck of – and mprove the construction,ng support.

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.

, etc.)

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Chapt

It is impodiscussedMLLRS Along wiimplemenimprovemimplemen4. The cbenefit/celements

There areimplicati

• Tinwsoin

• Fsecoau

• Tagm

• E

ex

• 2avimstcem

ulti-Level Linea

ter 5 – Co

ortant to undd in Chapter to help in thith the actuanting the MLments and cont the baseliosts for mainost savings a and mainten

e several assions.

The costs shoncluding har

would be reduoftware expenitiative.

or labor rateervice rates, overed by agutonomous,

The MLLRS gency staff d

management

Either nothingxpertise and

5,000 miles verage state mplement Mtate highwayenterline mil

maintenance


osts, Savi

derstand the b3, when imp

he decision-mal costs assocLLRS, thereost savings thine system anntenance areand improvenance of the

sumptions th

own are exclurdware. For uced if existenses might

es, both costsof $150.00 p

gency staff aa $50.00 rat

will be implduring impleby the consu

g exists or thd learning co

of centerlinehas over thr

MLLRS for ony agency. Aleage to helplabor costs f


ings and

benefits, as plementing amaking proceciated with e are also hat can be rend the two oe also providements are ale system.

hat have been

usive of whaexample, da

ting LRMs aalready be e

s and savingper hour wa

after implemte for civil se

lemented froementation isultant during

he current systs to make i

e per state wree times thisnly the fracts costs are dp determine for Applicati


Improve

a ess.

ealized. Theoptional funcded. The costlso provided

n made to he

at is already ata migrationare already inencumbered

gs, an integras used. How

mentation haservice was u

om scratch bs gauged at tg implement

ystem will noit work is to

was used as ths mileage in tion of the pudetermined fothe total cosion Managem


ement St

e following ictional elemet savings, in

d for the base

elp understan

available wn costs (i.e. dn place. Fixby the enter

ated rate of bwever, wheres succeeded used.

by specialiststhe equivaleation.

ot integrate,o high.

he baseline fn total, some ublic networ

for the agencst. As an exament are pre


atistics

information ents, as desc

ncluding someline, option

nd both the c

within the statdevelopmented hardware

rprise prior to

both consultae annual maiand the agen

s, the contribent cost of pr

or the existi

for costs. Thstate DOTs

rk that is macy, judiciousample, the anesented in Ta


lists the coscribed in Cha

me life cycle nal functiona

cost and savi

te agency, t of LRMs) e and COTS o a MLLRS

ant and civilintenance is ncy is

bution of theroject

ing manpow

hough the may choose

aintained by tly factor thennual able 3 below

sk 302, Board

ts to apter

al

ing

l

e

wer

e to the

e

w is

Mu

$bisgrT

• Tce

• Aac

• Abyunro

• Tdsc

• S

Table 1 -Cost CatHardwarCore SysAnnual M

Total Ba

Table 2 –La

ApplicatiData DevTraining System IProject MAnalysis LRM DeTOTAL

ulti-Level Linea

75,000, but etween the Ds dependent urowth/chang

Transportatio

There alreadyenterline).

All importantccess local r

A spatial repry GPS roadwnder the annoads in a 25,

The existing boes have somchema whichome staging

- Baseline Sytegories e

stem SoftwarMaintenance

aseline Syste

– Baseline Dabor Cost Cion Managemvelopment &

ntegration Management

& Coordinaevelopment


are likely noDOT and theupon the ove

ge in the areaon, they are m

y exists a goo

t open-to-pubroad informaresentation iway traces tonual mainten,000 mile of business sysme type of sph can be leve

g work will b

System Costs

re (COTS) e of COTS

em

DevelopmentCategory ment

& Input

, Business ation


ot factored toe applicationerall centerlias covered bmaintaining

od primary r

blic roads aration throughs available so confirm th

nance cost prf road state. stem targetedpatial descrieraged). be required w

t Costs ParamState 25k miState 5 businState

3 LRM


o total milean provider. Hine mileage

by the MLLR100,000 mil

road network

re included ah agreementssuch as recene above two

rovides an an

d for integratiptive compo

within a busi

meter Cons$2

iles $1$

ness $2$5

Ms $$1,3


age – dependHowever, linand is also i

RS. For the les of roadw

k (+/– 3 met

and the states, digitizationt aerial imao issues. Thennual figure

tion is usingonent already

iness system

sultant S242,400

76,400$26,400288,000517,200

$93,600344,000


ding upon thenear datum minfluenced byIowa Depart

way at a cost

ter accuracy

e agency is abon, or purchaagery perhape “Purchase for confirm

g some LRMy incumbent

m for integrat

Staff Costs $77,48$56,38

$8,439$92,057

$165,319

$29,919$429,600


e relationshimaintenancey the rate oftment of of $300,000

from true

ble to easilyase. s supplemenData” line it

ming the exten

M method (i.et in the datab

tion to occur

Total $42

$190Includ

Ta$232

Combi1 $3195 $2329 $347 $3809 $682

9 $1230 $1,773

sk 302, Board

ip cost

f

0.

y

nted tem nt of

e. it base

r.

Cost2,5000,000ded in able 42,500

ned 9,8812,7854,8390,0572,519

3,5193,600

Mu

Table 3 – Cost CatLabor – ALabor – TLabor – SBusiness(Actual idependenbusiness/smaller oexperienccost to alshown.) Labor – S

HardwarSoftwarePurchaseTOTAL

Table 4 -

CLabor – ALabor – DLabor – TLabor – S

Table 5 - Cost CatLabor – ALabor – TLabor – SSoftware

ulti-Level Linea

– Annual M

tegories Application Training System Integ System) Incntegration cnt on the size/operational organizationsce a potentialmost 1/10th

System Over

e e e Data

- Optional F

Cost CategoApplication Data DeveloTraining System Over

- Maintenan

tegories Application Training System Overe


Maintenance

Managemen

gration (Per cludes Repoosts are e of the unit. Much s will al reduction of the cost

rsight

Functional E

ories Managemen

opment/Input

rsight

nce Costs – O

Managemen

rsight


Costs – Bas

FTEnt

rts

in

Budgetdepreci

Annual

Element CosLRM D

nt t $

Optional FuL

Devent


seline

E’s Ho

R.750.9 $

0.50.5 $

0.10.1 $

t 20% of baseliiation and COT

lly updated aer

sts evelopment

0$40,000/each

00

unctional EleLRM elopment

00

$6,000$5,000


ourly Rate T

$50.00$150.00

$50.00$150.00

$50.00$150.00ine costs for haTS software ma

rial imagery

t Manage

0h $12,000

ements Manage

0000


Total Hours 1500

120

1600400

1600400

ardware aintenance fees

e Change

$12,000 000/system

0 $5,250

e Change

$1,800 $600

0 0


Total C0 $750 $16

0 0

$40$30

0 0

$8$6

s $8

$38$30

$251

ModelConnectiv

$275$206

$6$5

ModelConnectiv

sk 302, Board

Cost 5,0006,200

0,0000,000

8,0006,0008,5008,0000,0001,700

l vity 5,0006,5506,0005,250

l vity

0$600

00

Mu

Cost Be

Total cosunderstanbaseline Optional analyses Note thatto underslead to su

When exwhile thefigures wthrough teach partindividua

From a VB/C ratioversus 21topics of aggregateMLLRS organizatdisparateframewo

Thereformultiple the enterpexponent

Table 6 a

ulti-Level Linea

enefit Ana

st/benefit is ind the total iMLLRS. (SFunctional were done wt the annual stand that theubstantial ov

xpressed as ae optional fuwere generatethe workshopticular state ial operating

Value Analysos in VA stud1.4:1 optionaf VA studies.ed conditionis a cost-bention comes f

e data to the rk, yields sig

e, it is impormethods of prise - as wetial benefits

and 7 are loc


alysis

important toimpacts of thSee Table 6 –Elements ca

with an estimbenefits are ese savings cverall system

a cost-to-bennctional elemed from empp participantis analyzed sconditions.

sis perspectidies. Withinal functional. The numbe

ns of the stateneficial endefrom further same linear gnificant sav

rtant to havelinear refereell as handle for relatively

cated on the


o evaluate to he system. A– Life Cycle

an be found imated breake

significant ocan be contin

m savings for

nefit ratio (C/ments yield pirical valuests. These agseparately fo

ive, it is not n this study, l elements, isers - though es that couldeavor by itseexploitationdatum. Eac

vings reward

e a single linencing. Expa

other functiy incrementa

next two pa


aid in the imA cost/benefe Cost - Basein Table 7 –even time of over the 5-yenued througr the agency.

/B), the basean aggregates generated bggregate C/Bor their own

outside of exthe disparitys within reassubject to th

d provide datelf. Once bun of the singlh added func

ds with very

near datum inanding that sional objectial additional

ages.


mportant decfit analysis weline). TheCost Benefi

f 5 years andear period. I

ghout the actu.

eline effort ye 21.4:1 ratioby several o

B ratios are bbenefits ver

xpectations ty between 1.sonable expehe limitationta - still refle

uilt, the MLLle frameworkctionality bulittle added

n a framewosame framewives of NCHl cost.


cision-makinwas performee cost/benefifit Analysis –d an escalatioIt is importaual life of th

yields a C/B o of benefitsf the particip

bound to be drsus costs us

to yield sign.8:1 for baseectation comns of the partect that build

LRS real valuk for assimiluilt onto the capital costs

rk that accomwork to exte

HRP 20-27(3)


ng process toed on the it analysis fo– Optional. on rate of 3%ant for the aghe system an

ratio of 1.8:s to cost. Thpating statesdifferent whing their

nificantly higeline elemen

mpared to othticular ding the baseue to the lating previobaseline s.

mmodates thnd further ac) - will prov

sk 302, Board

o

or the The

%. gency d can

1 hese s hen

gher nts her

eline

ously

he cross ide

Mu

Table 6 –

TITL

Life Cycl

A.

B.

F.

ulti-Level Linea

– Cost/Benef

LE:

le Period

INITIAL

Service LiOriginal

Service LiAlternativ

SUBSEQU

1. Labor

2. Softwa

C. SUBSEQU

1. Staff H

2. Operati

3. Busine

4. Other D

TOTAL P


fit Analysis

CosMLLR

5 Ye

COST

ife-

ife-ve

UENT ANNUA

are

UENT ANNUA

Hours

ional Hours

ss/Operational U

Departmental Ho

P

PRESENT VAL


Baseline M

st Benefit ARS Baseline C

ears

AL MAINTENA

AL BENEFITS/

Unit Improvemen

ours

T

PRESENT V

PRESENT VAL

LUE BENEFIT


MLLRS

Analysis Cost/Benefit

Real Discount

Years

Years

ANCE COSTS

SAVINGS

nts

T

Total Subseque

VALUE OF SUB

PRESENT

LUE OF SESEQ

(A+D+E)


nt Rate

INIT

Total Subsequen

ent Annual Ben

Present Val

BSEQUENT AN

T VALUE OF T

QUENT ANNU

TOTAL C

COST BE


3.00%

TIAL COST:

nt Annual Cost

nefits/Savings:

lue Factor (P/A

NNUAL COSTS

TOTAL COSTS

UAL BENEFITS

COST BENEFIT

ENEFIT RATIO


$2,0

$1

$

($

($1

($1,16

($

ts: $2

($1,19

A):

S: $1,0

S: $3,0

S: ($5,45

($2,43

T: $2,4

O:

sk 302, Board

006,100

75,200

$46,500

$7,500)

15,000)

68,000)

$1,500)

221,700

92,000)

4.580

015,386

021,486

59,360)

37,874)

437,874

1.8:1

Mu

Table 7 –

ulti-Level Linea

– Cost/Benef


fit Analysis


Optional Fu


unctional El


Elements



sk 302, Board

Mu

SCHEDU

To impleafter awa

ulti-Level Linea

ULE

ement a MLLard of the con


LRS it is reantract to a co


asonable to eonsultant an


expect that apd then full u


pproximatelyuse of the ML


y 2 years forLLRS.


r completion

sk 302, Board

n

Mu

Chapt

Agenciesupgradedrequirem

Key Im

1) O

2) Ean

3) Idp

4) E5) E6) S7) D8) S9) D

ulti-Level Linea

ter 6 – Im

s often face nd systems. P

ments should

mplementa

Organizationaa. The o

suppoi.

ii.

b. High lc. This md. Devel

i.

ii.

iii. Establish modnd/or compldentify functerformance

Establish a mEstablish a tra

ecure resourDetermine the

et and manaDevelop an o


mplement

numerous chPrior to maki

be identified

tion Requ

al Support rganization m

ort the MLLRAn enterprAs busineslegacy datconformin

level (i.e. upmust fit withlop a busines

Include saimplementDevelop abeing doneComplete

del specificaete the worktional requirattributes

maintenance paining plan arces – manpoe schedule p

age internal eutreach plan


tation of

hallenges reling a final ded and action

uirements

must have eRS includingrise informatss/operationta can be adang MLLRS cpper managehin agency’sss case

avings expectation

a lessons leare in a timelya risk analys

ations and a k with existinrements need

plan and appand approachower, fundin

progress timeexpectationsn internally w


a MLLR

lated to implecision on implans put in

stablished pg; tion technolal units begi

apted until lecomponentsement) cham

mission or t

ted once imp

rned plan any manner andsis and mitigscope of wong staff ded within y

proach, capith ng, staffing, eline and mos with staff and


RS

lementation mplementingnto place to e

olicies and p

ogy infrastruin or continuegacy system

mpion to leadthe mission m

plemented a

d milestonesd on schedulgation plan ork to be used

our agency t

talizing on le

contingencyonitor it

d manageme


of new systeg a MLLRS,ensure succe

procedures in

ucture ue to developms are replac

d the effort must be chan

and even dur

s to ensure ale

d to obtain o

to meet the b

essons learne

y for staff tur

ent


ems or even the followin

ess.

n place that

p informatioced with

nged

ing

activities are

outside servi

baseline

ed

rnover, etc.

sk 302, Board

ng

on,

ices

Mu

Impact

It is also implemen

1) C2) In3) C4) C

m5) L

ab6) A7) D

ar

The impaIowa rep

“anmre

ulti-Level Linea

ts of Not Im

important fonting a MLL

Continued “sinability to ad

Continued poContinued resmore timely iLack of transpble to provid

A need to incDelays to prore changing

act of not imort presented

…If the DOnd effort to m

most likely coequirements


mplement

or the agencyLRS. The on

ilos and stovdequately anolitical pressusponsivenesinformation parency andde the necesscrease resouroject scheduland increasi

mplementing d at the end

T does not immeet the DOontinue as it not being m


ting MLLR

y to understanes identifie

vepipes” of dnd factually dure to be mos issues to mincreases

d potential pusary data rces to meet les will contiing

MLLRS is pof Chapter 3

mplement thOT’s data int

does today:met.”


RS

and some of d by the stud

data internal defend budgore responsivmeeting requ

ublic percept

increasing dinue or incre

probably bes3:

he LRS, the Dtegration nee disjointed a


f the pitfalls dy team are

l to the agencget requests fve and provi

uests as they

tion issues b

demands, whease because

st qualified b

DOT will steds. Howeveand duplicati


and concernas follows:

cy for allocationide more accwill increase

because the a

hich are not ae requiremen

by the anecd

till expend ther, the effort ive, with cer


ns with not

n curate data e as the need

agency is no

available nts and dema

dote from the

he money will

rtain

sk 302, Board

d for

t

ands

e

Mu

Chapt

AASHTO

API .......

COTS ...

DOT .....

ERP ......

FTE ......

GIS .......

GIMS....

GPS ......

GPS-AV

HPMS ...

LRM .....

LRS ......

MDLRS

MLLRS

NCHRP

NEPA ...

PM ........

SAVE In

TASAS .

TIG .......

VA ........

ulti-Level Linea

ter 7 – Gl

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ation of state

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ational coope

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rmerly) Soci

ffic accident

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e highway tr

pplication pr

.............. com

........ departm

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.... geographi

c managemen

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em for autom

ay pavement

............ linea

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ensional line

lti-level line

erative highw

environmen

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iety of Amer

t surveillanc

technology i

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ransportation

rogramming

mmercial off

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nt informatio

raphic positio

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ar referencin

ear referencin

ear referencin

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way research

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rican Value E

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implementat

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n officials

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on system

on system

e location

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h program

on agency

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Engineers

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Mu

Chapt

………..NLocation ……….SA

ulti-Level Linea

ter 8 – Re

NCHRP Repon Referencing

AVE Interna


eferences

ort 460, Guig Systems

ational Body


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idelines for t

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Multimodal T


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sk 302, Board

on

multi-level linear referencing system (mllrs) cost - benefit

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