multi reservoir operation and planning - welcome to...

Multi Reservoir Operation

and Planning

Mr. Hiralal Mendhegiri

DG, WALMI, Aurangabad

Outline

1. Introduction

2. Reservoir Operation

3. Multi Reservoir Operation

4. RS & GIS for Planning

5. DSS: Upper Godavari

3

Introduction

• Reservoirs serve to

regulate natural

stream-flow,

thereby modifying

the temporal and

spatial availability

of water according

to human needs.

Reservoir Pench Photo

4

Introduction

• Reservoir Storage is

necessary to regulate

highly variable water

flows for more

constant uses such as

domestic, irrigation,

industrial, power

generation, navigation

etc. (Q

)

5

Multi Reservoir System

• In real situations,

there can be multiple

reservoirs connected

in series or parallel

units, having

intermediate

catchments between

them.

Khadakwasla Complex

Outline

1. Introduction





7

Reservoir Operation for Conservation

(a) Single Purpose Reservoirs :

• Usually be operated to fill as early as possible

during filling period (Monsoon)

• All water in excess of the requirements of the

filling period (Kharif) shall be impounded until

FRL is reached

• Depletion period begins thereafter for meeting

the requirements (demands).

8

Illustration of conceptual guide curves

9

Reservoir Operation for Conservation

(b) Multi-Purpose Reservoirs :

• Governed by the manner in which various uses

of the reservoir have been combined.

• While operating the reservoirs to meet the

demands of end users, the priorities for

allocation be used as a guideline.

• Part of conservation space can be utilized for flood

moderation, during the earlier stages of monsoon.

• This part of conservation space has to be filled up

towards the end of monsoon progressively.

Reservoir storage space allocations

Outline

1. Introduction





12


• Operation of each reservoir considering upstream,

downstream and parallel reservoirs in the system

with following objectives:

1. Safety of the structure

2. Minimum inundation (flood control)

3. Conservation storage/uses.

• Conservation uses may include: domestic,

irrigation, industrial, power generation, navigation

etc.

A

B C

Ujjani Dam

14


• Individual reservoir operation as a single entity

will have to be switched over to a strategy for :

• Necessary to adopt a strategy for integrated

operation of reservoirs to achieve optimum

utilization of the water resources available and to

benefit best out of the reservoir system.

15

Multi Reservoir Operation : Conservation

Principles :

• River basin and sub-basin as the unit for water

resources planning, adopting multi-sectoral

approach.

• Consider water demands for various purposes,

available conservation storage in individual

reservoirs and the distribution of releases among

the reservoirs.

• Develop a coordinated plan to produce the

optimum benefits and minimize water losses due

to evaporation and transmission.

Availability

of yield

• 100 % dep

• 90 % dep

• 75 % dep

• 50 % dep

• Average

• Good Year

Demands Constraints

Options (Proportionate

Curtailment)

(% allocation)

• Domestic

• Irrigation

• Industrial

• Evaporation

• Water Release Restrictions

• Large No

of M I Tanks

• No Spills

From Terminal

reservoir

• Min Transit

Losses

Non Irrigation

• Domestic

• Industrial

Irrigation

• Kharif

• Rabi

• HW

Operating Strategies

Output

17


(a) In Series :

• It is best practice to minimize

spills from upstream reservoir

(A) so that capacity in

downstream reservoir (B) is

preserved.

• It will catch uncontrolled

spills from upstream reservoir

and thus protect downstream

river channel / inundation.

A

B C

18


(a) In Series :

• Easy to release water

from upstream reservoir

to a downstream but not

the other way around.

• Helpful to maximize

conservation storage so

that users benefitted.

19


(b) In Parallel :

• Objective should be to balance

storage between the two (B & C)

• Best rule curve may require

apportionment of releases from

two or more reservoirs based on

available storage capacity or

other criteria

• This system set up may require

optimization approach

20


• Coordinated operation of multi reservoir systems

is typically a complex decision making process

involving many variables, many objectives and

considerable risk and uncertainty.

• System operators are challenged to meet often

conflicting objectives, while complying with all

tribunal awards, agreements and traditions

affecting water allocations and uses.

23


• Reservoir operational decisions are based on ;

(i) Current conservation storage

(ii) Current time period of the year

(iii) Storages in other reservoirs

(iv) Releases during different times

(v) Water demands for various purposes

(vi) Specific downstream control points

(vii) Forecasted inflows into the reservoir

• Operational decisions need constantly reviewed

and modified to have best operation.

Outline

1. Introduction





DHOM RESERVOIR MULSHI RESERVOIR

GANGAPUR RESERVOIR PANSHET & WARASGAON RESERVOIRS

Remote Sensing Images of Various Reservoirs

• RS offers temporal features of Catchments, Reservoirs

and Command area with various spatial resolution

• Spatial resolution of images have improved from

70 m to 0.5 m with launching of sophisticated RS

satellites

• Therefore, it has become possible to capture the

spatial and temporal complexity in the river basin, and

enabled to use these technologies for multi reservoir

operation

• RS acts as a important input to various GIS softwares

to ascertain real time situation

Remote Sensing for Multi Reservoir Operation

Remote Sensing Image of Bhima & Krishna Basins

with IRS AWiFS Data

• Catchment areas of various basins can be demarcated

with RS images

• Temporal variation of water spread area of reservoir

can be ascertained

• Therefore it is possible to estimate the reservoir

storages at different time intervals

• It is possible to estimate sedimentation in the

reservoir using RS images

Remote Sensing Applications

Land use and land cover (LU/LC) is important input for:

• Rainfall-Runoff modelling

• Erosion Studies

• Watershed Management

• Change detection of LU/LC and its hydrologic

impact

Remote Sensing for Multi Reservoir Operation

• Crop Inventory → Spatial distribution of crops

• Water Demand → Vegetative indices for crop condition

• Canal Network → Demarcation of canal network

• Water Logged & Salinity → Extent of Saline area

• Change Detection → Changes in cropping pattern

• Irrigation Scheduling → Crop conditions can be related to

vegetative indices to ascertain crop water requirement

Application of RS in Command Area

Upper Bhima Sub-basin

Outline

1. Introduction





Upper Godavari Sub-Basin

• Entire catchment of Godavari river from its source to Paithan

dam

• Geographical Area = 21774 Sq Km

• Mula, Pravara, Kadwa, Darna, Kaadava, Dodni, Shivna are

main tributaries

Satellite Imagery of Upper Godavari (Upto Paithan Dam) Sub Basin

Upper Godavari Sub-Basin

• Sub-basin is considered well-developed from a water storage

perspective as 17 major, 14 medium & 558 minor irrigation

schemes constructed.

• Rapid urbanization, faster industrial & agricultural

developments posed increase in water demands for various

uses, resulting in conflicts

Present Water Planning Scenario of Sub-Basin (Figures in TMC)

• 75% dep Virgin Yield 157.20

• Average Virgin Yield 193.06

• Total Design Live Storage Capacity

193.44

• Design Water Use 253.37

• Sanctioned NI Use 34.47

• Project provision for NI Use 8.73

Water Deficit in Sub-Basin (Figures in TMC)

• Design Water Use 253.37

• 75% dep Virgin Yield 157.20

• Regeneration from u/s use 12.07

• Water Deficit 84.10

Paithan Dam

Jayakwadi Project

• Paithan dam, part of Jayakwadi Project is located on Godavari

river at upstream of Paithan town.

• Gross Storage : 102.73 TMC

• Live Storage : 76.66 TMC

• Dead Storage : 26.06 TMC

• Design Water Use : 92.47 TMC

Water Stress

• Water Stress situation is creating to the competition and

conflict among different category of uses and among upper

and lower reach water users.

• Present water stress situation most likely to occur more

frequently in future as water available in sub-basin not

sufficient to meet the demands.

• Water, which once considered as abundant, becomes a scarce and economic resource.

• Distribution of water is uneven over a large part of sub-basin.

Isohytel Map (Sinchan ayog)

45

IWRM Concept

• IWRM is a process which

promotes coordinated

development and

management of water,

land and related

resources…

Social

Env needs

Economic

Sustai

-nable

Bearabl

e

Equitable

Viable

in order to maximize the

resultant economic and

social welfare in an

equitable manner without

compromising

sustainability of vital

ecosystems.

Equitable Distribution of Water

• Maharashtra has enacted MWRRA Act, 2005 to regulate

water resources within the state, for ensuring judicious,

equitable and sustainable management, allocation and

utilization of water resources

• State Water Policy (2003) envisages that water resources of

the state shall be planned, developed, managed with a river

basin and sub-basin as the unit, adopting multi-sectoral

approach.

• As per State Water Policy, the distress (deficit in water

availability) is to be shared equitably amongst different

sectors and also amongst upstream and downstream users

DSS : River Basin Management

• A scientific water management along with an operational

support tool based on computer modelling and forecasting will

increase efficiency and allow prioritization to meet the goals

of equitable access / distribution at sub-basin level.

• GoM & NSW (Australia) have decided to exchange and

cooperation for actions to improve river basin management in

Upper Godavari Sub-basin.

DSS : Study Goals

1. To develop a Source modelling framework suitable to support

development of IWRM plan for the sub-basin's surface and

subsurface water resources.

2.To analyse a range of planning and operational scenarios

through the modelling process on a GIS platform and develop

metrics and governance to stage and prioritise works to

improve equitable access to water across the sub-basin.

3. To facilitate water management and governance processes

based on modelling to implement the objectives of the

Maharashtra State Water Policy

Water ; New Battle Ground

• Battles of yesterday were fought over land .

• Those of today are over energy.

• Battles of tomorrow will be over water.

• That danger will be greater in water distressed area,

……Henceforth, manage water better by switching over from

fragmented approach to river basin management approach for

sustainability . DSS for WR Planning is inevitable.

Thank You

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