multicast und anycast - guug...jens link ([email protected]) multicast & anycast 15 / 29...
TRANSCRIPT
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Wer bin ich?
Freiberuflicher ConsultantSchwerpunkt: komplexe Netzwerke, Netzwerksecurity,Netzwerkmonitoring, Troubleshooting
Ich bin käuflich ;-)
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Übersicht
1 Multicast
2 Anycast
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Was ist Mutlicast Überhaupt?
Unicast: 1:1Broadcast: 1:alleMutlicast: 1:n
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Multicast Anwendungen
Routing-Protokolle: RIP, OSPFImageverteilung, z.B.http://wiki.systemimager.org/index.php/Multicast
AktienhandelVideo / Musik ÜbertragungNewsticker
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Ethernet Multicast I
vintage IP: 01-00-5E-xx-xx-xxIPv6: 33-33-xx-xx-xx-xxCDP: 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CCSTP: 01-80-C2-00-00-00
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Ethernet Multicast (II)
Netzwerkkarten akzeptieren im Normalfall nur Pakete an sichselbstSpezielle Puffer für Multicast AdressenEs gibt Fälle wo Karten / Treiber das vergessen. IPv6 funktioniert“plötzlich” nicht mehr.Es soll Switche geben, die keine Multicast Frames weiterleiten(speziell VoIP Telefone)
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Vintage IP Adressen (I)
Class A 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255 0Class B 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255 10Class C 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255 110Class D 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 1110Class E 240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 1111
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Vintage IP Adressen (II)
224.0.0.1 - all Hosts224.0.0.2 - all Routers224.0.0.9 - RIP224.0.0.5 - OSPF224.0.0.18 - VRRP. . .
224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 (TTL = 1) lokales Subnetz224.0.1.0 - 238.255.255.255 (TTL < 255) Global239.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 (TTL < 255) Privat
http://www.iana.org
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IGMP
Host - Router Kommunikation3 Versionen
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IGMP
Join-Message (Membership Query)Querys (Membership Report)Leave-Message (Leave Group)Designated Querier (wenn mehr als ein Router)
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IGMP Snooping
Switche leiten in der Regel Pakete anhand der MAC AdresseweiterSwitch inspiziert IGMP Pakete und lernt welcher Host welcheMutlicast Pakete erhalten soll
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IPv6 und Multicast
Grundlegend bei IPv6Ein Interface hat immer mindestens eine Multicast AdresseAdressen kommen aus ff00::/8ICMP wurde erweitert und hat IGMP abgelöst (und ARP)
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ICMPv6 (II)
1 Destination Unreachable Fehlermeldungen
2 Packet Too Big3 Time Exceeded4 Parameter Problem
128 Echo Request
Management
129 Echo Reply130 Group Membership Query131 Group Membership Report132 Group Membership Reduction133 Router Solicitation134 Router Advertisement135 Neighbor Solicitation136 Neighbor Advertisement137 Redirect138 Router Renumbering
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Mutlicast Routing
DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol, RFC 1075)MOSPF (RFC 1584)PIM (Protocol Independed Multicast)
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PIM Dense Mode
“opt-out”Sender schickt Traffic durchs NetzRouter müssen Gruppen abbestellen (prune message)Früher: Re-Flood, alle 3 sek.heute: Refresh alle 60 seknutzt RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding)
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PIM Sparse Mode
“opt-in”Benutzt Rendevouz-PointsRouter registriert sich beim RP für einen StreamMulticast-Stream geht nicht über den RP sondern nimmt denkürzesten Weg durch das Netz
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Rendevouz-Points
Treffpunkt für Quelle und ZielEmpfänger von Multicast StreamsStatic-RP oder Auto-RPSource registriert einen Stream beim RPRouter registrieren Empfänger für einen Multicast-Stream beimRP
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Anycast Rendevouz-Points
Nur 1 RP pro GruppeRedundanz durch AnycastMSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol) zwischen RPs
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Übersicht
1 Multicast
2 Anycast
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Anwendungsfälle
Verteilte Dienste, speziell DNSIPv6 HA
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HA - Anycast
R1:interface Vlan123ipv6 address 2001:db8::1:1/64ipv6 address 2001:db8::1/64 anycast
R2:interface Vlan123ipv6 address 2001:db8::1:2/64ipv6 address 2001:db8::1/64 anycast
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Hochverfügbarer DNS
Annahme:
Mehrere Standorte
Benötigt:Im Netz: dynamisches Routing, z.B. OSPF oder BGPAuf den DNS Servern: Routing Daemon und DNS Server
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Host Config (I)
IP Loopback zuweisen:
ip addr add 192.0.2.53/24 dev lo
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Host Config (II)
Quagga Config
interface eth0ip address 192.168.99.2/30
!interface lo:0ip address 192.0.2.53/32
outer ospf! log-adjacency-changesospf router-id 192.168.99.2area 192.168.99.2 nssanetwork 192.168.99.0/30 area 192.168.99.2
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Host Config (III)
Bind
options {#....listen-on { 192.0.2.53; };#....};
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Apropos IPv6
Es gibt IPv6 im WLAN.Stand 15:00: 3.3 Mbps vintage IP, 250 kbps IPv6
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Kontakt
eMail [email protected] [email protected] Fingerprint D9FF E215 6686 6194 FFC8
A135 19CF A676 DB85 EF91Blog http://blog.quux.de
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