multicellular eukaryotic sexually reproducing autotrophic photosynthetic cell walls made of cellulose store food as starch

Plants take CO2, H2O, and sunlight and create O2 and food (glucose).

They convert the energy from the sunlightinto a form of energy they can use.

CO2

O2

Sunlight

H2O

Evolved from multicellular green algae that lived 430 million years ago

Both Photosynthesize with chlorophyllBoth have cell walls with celluloseBoth store food as starch

•Uni- and multicellular plant-like protists•Evolved in the sea•No true roots, leaves, or stems or complex

reproductive structures•Gametes are released into water, where

fertilization occurs•Use the same kind of chlorophyll found in

land plants

Needed:to reproduce on landto conserve waterto absorb minerals from rocky surfaces

Adaptations:seeds(eventually- first land plants did not have them)cuticle, waxy coatingfungal symbiosis with alga

Reproduction in Plants

Most plants have 2 stages in their life cycle:

Sporophyte: produce spores which grow into gametophytes.

Gametophyte: produces sperm and egg cells. When egg cells are fertilized they grow into sporophytes

•Must rely on Osmosis and Diffusion to transfer materials

•No special system to transport water & minerals throughout the plant

Must have moist environment to reproduce

The result is that these plants remain small & close to the ground

Flat, broad tissue for photosynthesis; no true

leaves

Rhizoids, long thin strands of cells, attach the plant to the soil.

Photo taken from: http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/graphics/psi_rhizoid.html; Photographer:Curtis Clark. Plan t Morphology Course WebPageDownloaded 4/1/2003.

Live in almost every environmentDecompose dead organismsKeep the soil moist and prevent erosion

Decomposer of dead organismsForms peat bogsVery absorbentUsed in gardeningUsed for fuelPart of coal making process

http://home.clara.net/adhale/bryos/spulch.htm“Mosses and Liverworts in Wales”Downloaded 4/1/2003Alan Hale

http://home.clara.net/adhale/bryos/spulch.htm“Mosses and Liverworts in Wales”Downloaded 4/1/2003Alan Hale

Adapted only to moist areasNot as abundant as mossesVery unusual characteristics

http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/201L/Bryoph/%20BryoINDX1•Photos by Maria Oehler, Allison Hall, Linda Westgate and Botanical Society of America Lab Topic 15 Investigating Plant Phylogeny: Seedless Plants Nonvascular Seedless PlantsDownloaded 4/1/2003