multimedia approach in education by dr j r sonwane

(Multimedia Approach in Education)

- Di[. jgd)p si[nvN[

ISBN 978-81-925192-0-3

Title Shikshanma Bahumadhyam Abhigam

Author Dr. Jagdip Sonwane

Year 2012

Edition First

Vol -

Publisher www.edupublication.com

Dr. J. R. Sonwane

Department of Education

M. K. Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar

INDIA

Contact [email protected]

Price Free

Pages 77

Subject Educational Technology

Language Gujarati

This book can be downloaded free of cost from

www.edupublication.com

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5. k[Tlik T*>kixri[ 61

(SxNmi> bh&miym a(Bgm

1

1. AC]DFwID (Multimedia) aY< an[ yiyi

1.1 aY<

bh&miym a[ a[k s>k&l s>kpni C[. a>g\[Jmi> multimedia

SdY) aipN[ p(r(ct C)a[. D


2

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D


3

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/multim

edia.html )

(vk)p[(Dyi an&sir Multimedia refers to content that uses a

combination of different content forms. This contrasts

with media that use only rudimentary computer displays

such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-

produced material. Multimedia includes a combination

of text, audio, still images, animation, video, or

interactivity content forms.

Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed,

or accessed by information content processing devices,

such as computerized and electronic devices, but can

also be part of a live performance. Multimedia devices

are electronic media devices used to store and

experience multimedia content. Multimedia is

distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including

audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term

"rich media" is synonymous for interactive multimedia.

Hypermedia can be considered one particular


4

multimedia application.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia)

Margaret Rouse bh&miym (vS[ jNiv[ C[ k[ Multimedia is

more than one concurrent presentation medium (for

example, on CD-ROM or a Web site). Although still

images are a different medium than text, multimedia is

typically used to mean the combination of text, sound,

and/or motion video. Some people might say that the

addition of animated images (for example, animated

GIF on the Web) produces multimedia, but it has

typically meant one of the following:

Text and sound

Text, sound, and still or animated graphic images

Text, sound, and video images

Video and sound

Multiple display areas, images, or presentations

presented concurrently

In live situations, the use of a speaker or actors and

"props" together with sound, images, and motion

video


5

Multimedia can arguably be distinguished from

traditional motion pictures or movies both by the scale

of the production (multimedia is usually smaller and

less expensive) and by the possibility of audience

interactivity or involvement (in which case, it is usually

called interactive multimedia). Interactive elements can

include: voice command, mouse manipulation, text

entry, touch screen, video capture of the user, or live

participation (in live presentations).

Multimedia tends to imply sophistication (and relatively

more expense) in both production and presentation than

simple text-and-images. Multimedia presentations are

possible in many contexts, including the Web, CD-

ROMs, and live theater. A rule-of-thumb for the

minimum development cost of a packaged multimedia

production with video for commercial presentation (as

at trade shows) is: $1,000 a minute of presentation time.

Since any Web site can be viewed as a multimedia

presentation, however, any tool that helps develop a site

in multimedia form can be classed as multimedia


6

software and the cost can be less than for standard video

productions.

(s\i[t:

http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/multimedia )

1.2 AC]DFwIDGM p5IMU ( Applications of

Multimedia):

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7

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s5f V[g8L V[l,IFl;\U(Anti Aliasing )

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instrument Digital Interface MIDIf

s)f Y|L v 0L wJlG (3 D Sound )

s!_f lJl0IM SM0[S (Videco Compressor

Decompression viedo code )

s!!f D


10

sVf lA8D[5 .D[H o (Bitmap Image )

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lA8D[5 .D[HGL ZRGF YFI K[P l5S;,GF\ 5lZDF6

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VF 5lZ6FDDF\ 640 VF0F ( Horizontal ) VG[ 480 EF

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XSFI K[P

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11

D


12

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s#f V[lGD[XG ;MO8J[Z sAnimationf o

V[lGD[XG ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU SZLG[ V[lGD[XG lO


13

HFT[ T{IFZ SZL ,[ K[P JrR[GF\ lR+ JrR[GF lR+MG[ T{IFZ SZJFGL

ZLTG[ .G lA8lJGL\U VYJF l8JGL\U(In betweening or

Tweening ) SC[ K[ H[GL DNNYL V[lGD[XG T{IFZ SZJFDF\ ;DI

VG[ XlSTGM VNE}T ARFJ Y. XS[ K[P

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V[g8L V[l,IFl;\U SZ[ K[ H[YL V[S H lR+DF\ VFJ[, VG[S

.D[H; H]NL H]NL TFZJL XSFIP

s&f DMlO"U sMorphingfo

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HIFZ[ VFJL .D[HDF\ V[lGlDXGGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[

I]JFG 5]~QF J' YTM N[BFI K[P VG[ V\T[ SM. +LHL .D[H HMJF

D/[ K[P


14

s*f l0lh8, ;Fpg0 0[8F ( Digital Sound Data )o

VF56L VF;5F; VF56[ H[ wJlG ;F\E/LV[ KLV[ T[ VG]~5

sAnalogf l;uG


15

s(f dI]lhS, .g:8|]D[g8 l0lh8, .g8ZO[; o DL0L sMusical

Instrument Digital Interface :MDf o

JF3D\0/ sOrchestra ) GF\ SM.56 ;FWGGM VFA[C}A

VJFH SF-JFG\] SFD l;gY[;F.hZ (Synthesizer ) SC[ K[P VF

V[S lJHF6] ;FWG K[P H[ ;\ULTGF H]NF H]NF 5|SFZGF\ VJFH SZL

XS[ K[P

DL0L Sd%I}8Z VG[ VFJF\ lJHF6] ;FWGM JrR[GF\ ;[T]G\] SFI"

SZ[ K[P D}/ wJlGGF\ AN,[ T[ wJlG :8MZ SZJF DF8[ DL0LG[ V5FI[,F\

VFN[XM sCommandsf T[ ;[J SZ[ K[P H[YL DL0L OF.,G\] SN B}A

GFG\] Y. HFI K[P DL0L OF.,GF\ V[S:8[XG TZLS[ ,BJFDF\ VFJ[

K[P HIFZ[ DL0L OF., BM,JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZ[ T[DF\ ;[J YI[,F

VFN [XM 5|DF6[ ULT ;F\E/L XSFIP

s)f Y|L 0L wJlG ( 3D Sound )o

GF8IU'C S[ l;G[DFU'C H[JM wJlG Z[SM0" SZJF4 ;F\E/JF DF8[

VFW]lGS ;DIDF\ H[ wJlG SF0" (Audio card ) GM p5IMU YFI

K[ T[G[ Y|L v 0L ;Fpg0 SC[ K[P VFJM wJlG ;F\E/JF DF8[ lJlXQ8

:5LSZGL H~Z 50[ K[P CF,DF\ KALU'CM VG[ GF8IU'CMDF\ Y|Lv 0L

;Fpg0 ;L:8DGM p5IMU YFI K[P


16

s!_f lJ0LIM SM0[S o ( Video Compressor

Decompressor Video Codec ):

H[ ZLT[ l:YZ lR+M l0lh8, :J~5[ ;[J YFI K[ T[ H ZLT[

lJ0LIM S[ R,lR+ 56[ l0lh8, :J~5[ H Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;[J YFI K[

.D[H4 lR+ S[ lJ0LIMGF GFGFDF\ GFGF V[SDG[ Sd%I}8ZGF\ ;\NE"DF\

c l5S;, c SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P Sd%I}8ZDF\ lJ0LIM l5S;,GF\ N;

VG[ 5lZ6FDG[ VFWFZ[ T[DF\ J5ZFI[,F lA8;GL ;\bIF HF6L

XSFI K[P # ;[Sg0GL lJl0IMG[ ;L8LDF\ :8MZ SZJF DF8[ 600

D[UFAF.8; ;\U|CXlSTGL H~Z 50[ K[ ;F{YL S\8F/FHGS AFAT

TM V[ K[ S[ VF8,F\ AF.8; WZFJTL # ;[Sg0GL lO


17

Sd5[;G A[ ZLT[ Y. XS[ K[P

s!f 38F0F ZlCT (Loss Less ) :

sZf 38F0F ;lCT ( Lossy ) :

38F0F ZlCT Sd5|[;G JF/L OF., FZF HIFZ[ lJ0LIM RF,]

SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZ[ Sd%I}8Z ;J"5|YD 0[8FG[ D}/ :J~5DF\

AN,[ K[P T[YL lJ0LIMGL U]6JFDF\ O[Z 50TM GYLP VFDF\ Sd5|[:0

OF., D}/ OF., SZTF\ +LHF EFUGL HuIF ZMS[ K[P DM8F EFU[

V[S;vZ[ sX-Rayf VG[ ;[8[,F.8DF\ VFGM p5IMU YFI K[P

38F0F ;lCT Sd5|[XGJF/L OF., FZF lJ0LIMGL U]6JF

H/JFTL GYLP SFZ6 S[ HIFZ[ VF OF., Sd5|[; SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

tIFZ[ T[GF VD]S 0[8F BMJF. HFI K[P T[YL HIFZ[ OF., BM,JFDF\

VFJ[ K[ tIFZ[ Sd%I]8Z T[GF 0[8FG[ ;\5}6"56[ D}/ :J~5DF\ AN,L

XST\] GYLP

R,lR+GL H[D H lJ0LIMDF\ 56 H]NL H]NL S|lDS O|[D

RMSS; ;\bIFDF\ RMSS; ;DIUF/F NZdIFG VF56L GHZ 5F;[YL

5;FZ YFI tIFZ[ VF56G[ SM. 5F+ C,Gv R,G SZT\] HMJF D/[

K[P VFJL O|[DG\] Sd5|[;G SZJFGF A[ VlEUD s Approach f K[P

saf .g8ZO|[D Sd5|[;G (Interframe Compression )

sbf .g8=FO|[D Sd5|[;G (Intraframe Compression )


18

(a) .g8ZO|[D Sd5|[;G (Interframe Compression ) :

SM. O|[DDF\ V[S ;ZBF\ N[BFTF\ 36F AWF\ l5S;, J5ZFIF CMI

TM Sd%I}8Z OST V[S H l5S;, ;[J SZX[ VG[ AFSLGF\ l5S;,GF\

;ZGFDF GM\WL ZFBX[P HIFZ[ lJ0LIM RF,] SZJFDF\ VFJX[ tIFZ[ ;[J

YI[, V[S l5S;, H[JF H ALHF l5S;, RMSS; ;ZFD[ UM9JF.

HX[ VG[ T[ O|[DGL .D[H D}/ :J~5[ HMJF D/X[P VF 5|SFZGF \

Sd5|[;GG[ .g8ZO|[D SC[ K[P

NFPTP p5ZGF\ lR+DF\ SF8}"GGF\ A[SU|Fpg0DF\ SM. RMSS;

S,Z J5ZFIM CX[4 VG[ ;DU| A[S U|Fpg0 H]NF H]NF l5S;,DF\

JC[\RFI[,\] CX[P VF AWF\ l5S;, V[S ;ZB\F K[P Sd%I}8Z VF AWF

l5S;, ;[J SZJFG[ AN,[ SM. V[S l5S;, ;[J SZX[ VG[ AFSLGF \

l5S;,GF\ ;ZGFDF GM\WL ZFBX[P VF ZLT[ OF.,;[J SZJFGL lS|IFG[

c.g8ZO|[D Sd5|[;G c SC[ K[P

(b) .g8=FO|[D Sd5|[;G (Intraframe Compression )

lJ0LIMDF\ V[S H N'xI NXF"JJF DF8[ 36L O|[DGM p5IMU YFI

K[P VF AWL O|[DDF\ ;\5}6" N'xI S|lDS ZLT[ S\0FZJFDF\ VFJ[,\] CMI K[

SM. V[S H N'xIG[ ,UTL H]NL H]NL O|[DDF\ 36L DFlCTL V[S ;ZBL

H CMI K[P


19

NFPTP p5ZGF\ N'xIDF\ V[S 51FL 0FALYL HD6L AFH] p0L

Z\] K[P VF N'xIDF\ NZ[S A[SU|Fpg0DF\ SM. O[ZOFZ YTM GYLP 5Z\T]

51FL C,GR,G SZ[ K[P VF N'xI DF8[ Sd%I}8Z 5|YD O|[D TM

5]Z[5}ZL ;[J SZX[P 5Z\T] AFSLGL O|[DDF\ YTF\ O[ZOFZGL H GM\W ZFBX[P

VF ZLT[ H[ Sd5|[;G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[G[ .g8=FO|[D Sd5|[;G SC[ K[P

HIFZ[ lJ0LIM RF,] SZJFDF\ VFJX[ tIFZ[ Sd%I}8Z 5|YD O|[DDF\ TM

5}Z[5}ZL NX"FJX[ H VG[ AFSLGF\ O|[DGF\ O[ZOFZM 56 NX"FJX[ H[YL

VF56[ VFB\] N'xI HMJF D/X[P RMSS; 5|MU|FDGM p5IMU SZLG[

lJ0LIM O|[DGL GS, SZL XSFI K[4 T[G[ ZN SZL XSFI K[ S[ T[DF \

lJlXQ8 V;Z NX"FJL XSFI K[P

s!!f D


20

s!Zf VMYZL\U IF l:S|58L\U ;MO8J[Z (Authoring Software

) :

jIFJ;FlIS D


21

SZJFDF\ H]NF H]NF 5F;F V\U[ 0F65}J"S DGMD\YG SZLG[ T[DG[

;M\5[, SFI" SZ[ K[P K[J8[ AWFGF\ ;CSFZYL V[S ;Z;4 VFSQF"S4

DFlCTL ;EZ4 DGMZ\HGFtDS4 7FGFtDS S[ W\WFSLI D


22

1.4 D


23

DFlCTLGF\ ;\NE"DF\ JWFZFGL lJUTM HF6JL CMI TM l:S|G 5Z H[ T[

DFlCTL 5Z VF\U/L D}SJFYL T[G[ ,UTL lJUTM VF5MVF5 :S|LG

5Z HMJF D/X[P VFJL ;UJ0 VF56F\ Sd%I}8ZG[ lSIM:S SC[JFDF\

VFJ[ K[P ;FDFgI ZLT[ lSIM:SDF\ 5|FZ\lES DFlCTL IFNL (List

Menu ) :J~5[ VF5[,L CMI K[P IFNLDF\GL SM. RMSS; lJUT

5Z VF\U/L D}SJFYL T[G[ ,UTL JWFZFGL lJUT VF56G[ :S|LG 5Z

HMJF D/X[P ;\U|C:YFG (Museum)4 Z[


24

s$f :,F.0 5|MH[S8Z o

Sd%I]8Z FZF lGI\l+T 5|MH[S8ZGM p5IMU SZLG[ 56

D


25

2.

mi(ht) tk`(nk)GM

lX1F6

VG[

XF/FDF\ p5IMU


26

2.1. mi(ht) tk`(nk)ni[ aY<

X{1Fl6S TSlGSL VG[ DFlCTL TSlGSLGL 36F \ AWF

lX1F6XF:+LVM FZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, jIFbIFVMDF\GL V[S jIFbIF

GLR[ D]HA K[P

X{1Fl6S TSlGSL o

ccDFGJ FZF VwIIG VG[ ;\N[XF jIJCFZGF 1F[+DF\ YTF\

;\XMWGM 5Z VFWFlZT lJlXQ8 C[T]VMGF\ ;\NE"DF\ VwIIG

VwIF5GGL ;DU| 5|lS|IFGL ~5Z[BF T{IFZ SZJFGL4T[ 5|lS|IF

VD,DF\ ,FJJFGL VG[ T[G\] D}


27

DFlCTL TSlGSL o

cc DFlCTLG\] ;H"G4 ;\U|C4 jIJ:YF5G4 lJlGDI VG[

DFlCTL5|[QF6 DF8[ TYF T[GL p5Z 5|lS|IF SZJFDF\ DF8[ J5ZFTF\

;FWGM TSlGSLGM ;D}C V[8,[ DFlCTL TSlGSLPcc

VFD4 jIFbIFVM 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[4 X{1Fl6S TSlGSLGF V[S

EFU TZLS[ DFlCTL TSlGSLGM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[ X{1Fl6S

5|lS|IFDF\ DFlCTL TSlGSLGM p5IMU SZJF[ CMI TM VwIIG v

VwIF5GGF l;F\TM 56 wIFGDF\ ZFBJF 50[P

1.2 VwIIG v VwIF5G 5|lS|IFDF\ mi(ht) tk`(nk)

VwIIG vVwIF5G 5|lS|IFDF\ IT GF p5IMUGF C[T]VM

lX1FS TYF lJnFYL"GF 51F[ V,U vV,U ZLT[ HF6L XSFI K[P

v lJnFYL" 51F[ C[T]VM o

s!f lJnFYL" lJl0VM SMgOZg;L\U S[ VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U FZF

lX1F6 D[/J[P

sZf lJnFYL" Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT :JPVwIIG ;FDU|LGM p5IMU SZ[P

s#f lJnFYL" lJlJW X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGF p5IMUYL 5MTFGF

lJQFIMGM VeIF; SZ[P

s$f lJnFYL" X{1Fl6S lJl0VM ;LP 0LP GM p5IMU SZ[P


28

s5f lJnFYL" VMGv,F.G VwIIG SFI" SZ[P

s&f lJnFYL" lJlJW lJQFIMG[ ,UTF 5|MH[S8 Sd%I}8Z 5Z T{IFZ SZ[P

s*f lJnFYL" Sd%I}8Z 5Z lJlJW lJQFIMG[ ,UTL lJ:T'T DFlCTL

.g8ZG[8 FZF XMWL SF-[P

s(f lJnFYL" Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT lJlJW :5WF"VMDF\ EFU ,[P

s)f lJnFYL" XF/FGF lX1FSM ;FY[ ;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZC[JF DF8[

.g8ZG[8GM p5IMU SZ[P

s!_f lJnFYL" VgI XF/FGF lX1FSM VG[ lJnFYL"VM ;FY[

;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZC[P

lX1FSM 51F[ C[T]VM o

s!f lX1FS ;DI 5+S VG[ VFIMHG T{IFZ SZ[P

sZf lX1FS lJlJW X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGL ZRGF SZ[P

s#f lX1FS lJnFYL"VMGF 5|UlT5+S T{IFZ SZ[P

s$f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z 5Z HFT[ H 5|` G5+GL ZRGF SZ[P

s5f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z 5Z 5|` GA[\S T{IFZ SZ[P

s&f lX1FS 5|` GA[\S ;D}C AGFJJF DF8[ VgI XF/FGF lX1FSM ;FY[

lJnFYL"VMGL VF5 v ,[ SZ[P

s*f lX1FS Sd%I}8Z 5Z 5lZ6FD5+S T{IFZ SZ[P

s(f lX1FS lJnFYL"VMGF 5lZ6FDG\] lJ`,[QF6 SZ[P


29

s)f lX1FS 5lZ6FDGF lJ`,[QF6 VFWFZ[ VFUFDL VwIF5G SFI"G\]

VFIMHG SZ[P

s!_f lX1FS lJnFYL"G\] D}


30

sZZf lX1FS lJnFYL"VMG[ 8I]8MlZI, s VG]lX1F6 f DF\ HM0[P

2.3 I.T. VFWFlZT VwIF5G cv VwIIG 5|lS|IFGF VlEUDM

I.T. VFWFlZT VwIF5G cv VwIIG 5|lS|IFGF VlEUDM D]bItJ[

5F\R VlEUDM K[P

s!f Sd%I]8Z ;CFI VwIF5G

sZf Sd%I}8Z jIJ:YFl5T VwIF5G

s#f Sd%I]8Z ;HH VwIF5G

s$f J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G

s5f VFEF;L JU" B\0

s!f Sd%I}8Z ;CFI VwIF5G s Computer Assisted

Instruction : CAI f

VF VlEUDDF\ lX1FS VG[ lJnFYL"VM JrR[ ;LW[;LWL

VF\TZlS|IF YTL GYLP VF VlEUDDF\

Sd%I}8Z VG[ lJnFYL" JrR[ VF\TZlS|IF YFI K[ H[GL D]bI AFATM

GLR[ D]HA K[P

VF lW|]JL VF\TZlS|IFDF\ V[S 51F[ lJnFYL" TM ALHF 51F[

Sd%I}8Z CMI K[P


31

VF VlEUDDF\ lX1FSGL CFHZL H~ZL GYLP

lJnFYL" HFT[ H Sd%I}8Z 5ZYL 5MTFGF lJQFIG[ VeIF; SIF"

AFN 5MTFGF 5|lTRFZ H6FJ[ K[P

lJnFYL"GF V5FI[, 5|lTRFZG\] Sd%I}8Z D}


32

;J["1F6M H[JF lJlJW 5F;FVM wIFGDF\ ,[JF 50[ K[P Sd%I}8ZGL

DNN FZF VF SFIM" SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM lX1F6 v 5|lX1F6

5|lS|IFGL GJL jI}CZRGF GSSL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[G[ Sd%I}8Z

jIJ:YFl5T VwIF5G s CMIf SC[ K[P

CMI GL jIFbIF VF5TF A[., s !)(Z f DF\ H6FJ[

K[ S[4 cc JF:TlJS VwIF5G SFI" SIF" l;JFI VwIF5G

jIJ:YF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZG[ NZ[S ;UJ0MGM VwIF5S FZF

lJlGIMU V[8,[ CMI"P

CMI includes all applications of the

computer aid to the instructor in instructional

management without actually doing the

teaching .

jIFbIF 5ZYL V[J\] TFZ6 SF-L XSFI S[4 JF:TlJS

lX1F6 5|lX1F6 5|lS|IF 5C[,F lX1FS lX1F6

5|lX1F6 5|lS|IFGF z[Q9 jIJ:YF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ 0[8F

NFB, SZL T[GF 5lZ6FDM VFWFlZT VwIF5G jI}CZRGF AGFJ[P

s#f Sd%I}8Z ;HH VwIF5G sComputer Aided

Instruction : CAIf


33

HIFZ[ Sd%I}8ZGL DNN FZF lX1F6 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[ T[G[

Sd%I}8Z ;HH VwIF5G sCAI) SC[ K[P VF VlEUDDF\ lX1FS

T[GF VwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFG X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ Sd%I}8ZGM

p5IMU SZ[ K[P VFDF Sd%I}8Z FZF ZH] SZJFDF\ VFJ[, DFlCTL

lX1FSGF VwIF5G SFI"DF\ DNN~5 YFI K[P Sd%I}8Z ;HH

VwIF5GDF\YL lX1FSG[ N}Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM VF VlEUD Sd%I}8Z

;CFI VwIF5GGF VlEUD H[JL H AGL HFI K[P

s$f J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G s Web Based Instruction

: WBIf o

World Wide Web www GM p5IMU SZLG[

JU"B\0DF\ lX1F6 SFI" SZJ\] V[8,[ J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5GP VF

VlEUD lJnFYL" S[gL4 lX1FS S[gL S[ VF\TZlS|IFtDS CM. XS[P

AC] DFwID sMultimedia f VFWFlZT VwIIG

;FDU|LVM J[A VFWFlZT VwIIGM D]bI VFWFZ K[P VF VwIIG

;FDU|L lJQFI lGQ6F\TM4 lX1F6 XF:+LVM4 ;MO8J[Z lGQ6F\TM VG[

J[A ;F.8 ;\RF,SMGF ;\I]ST ;CSFZYL T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PH[

lJlJW J[A;F.8 5Z D}SJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P lJnFYL" J[A ;F.8 BM,LG[

VF VwIIG ;FDU|LGM p5IMU SZ[ K[P VFJL J[A ;F.8DF\ D}S[,


34

VwIIG ;FDU|LDF\ RMSS; lJQFIGF VeIF;S|D ;FY[ VlES|lDT

VwIIGDF\ l;F\TMGM ;DFJ[X 56 SZJFDF\ VFjIM CMI K[P

s5f VFEF;L JU"B\0 sVirtual Classroomfo

"Virtual Classroom is an information

Technology Based system where a live teaching

learning process is carried out by connecting the

students, teachers and educationalists, who are

geographically present at one place or at different

places, with one another. "

cc EF{UMl,S ZLT[ V[S H :Y/[ S[ lJlJW :Y/[ p5l:YT

lJnFYL"VMGF ;D}CG[ lX1FS VG[ lX1F6XF:+LVM ;FY[ 5Z:5Z

;F\S/T\] DFlCTL TSlGSL VFWFlZT T \+ S[ HIF\ DC]DFUL" HLJ\T

VF\TZlS|IF FZF VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IF SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 T[G[

VFEF;L JU"B\0 SCL XSFIPcc

jIFbIF 5ZYL :5Q8 YFI K[ S[4 VF VlEUDDF\ SM. V[S

lGl`RT RFZ lNJF,GL JrR[ VwIF5S VG[ VwI[TF JrR[ VF\TZlS|IF

YTL GYL 56 Sd%I}8Z G[8JS" FZF T[DG[ 5Z:5Z ;F\S/[ K[P VF

VlEUD AC]DFUL" VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IF K[P VFDF\


35

;\S/FI[, NZ[S jIlST V[SALHF ;FY[ VF\TZlS|IF SZL XS[ K[ NZ[S

jIlSTGF Sd%I}8Z ;J"Z ;FY[ HM0FI[, CMI K[P VFEF;L JU"B\0GL

~5Z[BF VFS'lTDF\ H6FjIF 5|DF6[ CMI K[P

VFEF;L JU"B\0GL ~5Z[BF

VFS'lT 5ZYL HM. XSFI K[ S[ NZ[S jIlST ;J"Z J0[

V[SALHF ;FY[ ;\5S" WZFJ[ K[P VwI[TF lX1FS S[ VgI VwI[TF ;FY[

RRF" SZ[ tIFZ[ AFSLGF ,MSM zMTF AGL HFI K[P 56 RRF"DF\ 5MTFGF

VlE5|FIM ZH] SZL XS[ K[P VFD4 VlEUD AC]DFUL" VwIF5G v

VwIIG 5|lS|IF K[P Sd%I]8Z G[8JS" FZF VF VlEUD J0[ S[8,FS

lJ:TFZG[ VFJZL XSFI K[P


36

CAI GF 5|SFZM

CAI GF D]bItJ[ K 5|SFZM K[P

s!f ;\JFN FZF Sd%I}8Z ;CFI lX1F6 o

lJnFYL"GF 5}K[,F 5|` GMGF HJFA Sd%I}8Z VF5[ T[ T[G[ ;\JFN

FZF VwIF5G YI\] SC[JFIP VF SFI" SZJF DF8[ lJnFYL" 5F;[

;\ElJT 5|` GMGL IFNL CMJL HM.V[ H[GF pZM Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|lCT

SZJF 50[ K[P HM VF IFNL ACFZGF 5|` GM 5}KJFDF\ VFJ[ TM Sd%I}8Z

FZF pZ G D/[P VFDF\ lJnFYL" VG[ Sd%I}8Z JrR[GM ;\JFN

DIF"lNT 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[PPP lJnFYL"V[ T[GM 5|` G SL AM0" S[ VgI

SM. .G5]8 ;FWG FZF Sd%I}8ZDF\ NFB, SZ[ tIFZ[ T[GM pZ

DMlG8Z 5Z D/[ K[P HM Sd%I}8ZDF\ :JLR lZSMluGXGGM p5IMU

SIM" CMI TM ;\JFN DF[lBS ZLT[ 56 Y. XS[ K[P

sZf N-LSZ6 VG[ DCFJZF DF8[CAI (CAI for Drill &

Practice ) o

JU"B\0DF\ lX1FS FZF XLBJ[, D]N'FVMG\] 5]GZFJT"G

lJnFYL"VMV[ HFT[ H SZJFG\] CMI K[P HM VF XLBJ[, D]N'FVM


37

Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|lCT SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM NZ[S lJnFYL" 5MTFGL HFT[ N-

LSZ6 VG[ 5]GZFJT"G SFI" ;Z/TFYL SZL XS[ K[P

s#f CAI FZF UFl6lTS ;D:IF pS[, ( Mathematical

Problem Selving through CAI ) o

lJnFYL" SM. UFl6lTS lS|IF DF8[ Sd%I}8ZG[ 0[8F 5}ZM 5F0[ VG[

Sd%I}8Z H~ZL ;}+M TYF lS|IFVMGM p5IMU SZLG[ T[GM HJFA

D[/JL VF5[ VG[ ;FY[ ;FY[ U6TZLGF ;F[5FGM 56 NX"FJ[P

s$f CAI FZF :JFwIFI SFI" s Exercise through CAI f

Sd%I}8Z FZF lJnFYL' ;FD[ 5|` G S[ ;D:IF D}SJFDF\ VFJ[ VG[

T[GM 5|lTRFZ lJnFYL" VF5[P Sd%I}8Z T[G\] D}


38

T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P H[G[ Sd%I}8Z FZF VlES|lDT VwIIG SCL

XSFIP CBPLDF\ lJQFIJ:T]G[ GFGF 8]S0FVMDF\ D]N'F :J~5[

lJEFHLT SZL RMSS; S|DDF\ ZH}VFT lJnFYL" ;D1F SZFI K[ H[

lJnFYL" JF\RL ;D[ K[ T[GL ;DH RSF;TF 5|` GM 5}KJFDF\ VFJ[ K[

T[GF pZM ;FRF K[ S[ BM8F T[ Sd%I}8Z H6FJ[ K[P HM HJFA ;FRM

CMI TM Sd%I}8Z GJF D]NF ZH} SZ[ K[ VG[ HJFA BM8M CMI TM 5]Go

VeIF; DF8[GL TS 5]ZL 5F0[ K[P VFD4 lJnFYL" T[GL UlT 5|DF6[

5|UlT ;FWL XS[ K[P

s&f Sd%I]8Z VFWFlZT VwIF5G s Computer Based

Instruction )o

Sd%I}8Z lJQFIJ:T]GF D]N'FVMG[ V[SDGF EFU~5[ H ZH]

SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ H[GF\ VeIF; lJnFYL" 5MTFGL UlT 5|DF6[ UlT SZ[

K[P ;DU| V[SD ZH]VFT AFN lJnFYL"GL ;DH RSF;TF 5|` GM

5}KL XSFIP H[DF\ lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IF pS[,JF DF8[ lX1FS CFHZ

CMI K[P H[G[ Sd%I}8Z 5Z VFWFlZT lGZLl1FT VeIF; 5lT 56

SC[ K[P

CAI GF OFINFVM VG[ U[ZOFINFVM

CAI GF OFINFVM


39

VwIF5G 5lT lJnFYL"S[gL K[P

lX1FSGL U[ZCFHZL JBT[ T[GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P

VwIIG 5|lS|IF lJnFYL"GF lGI\+6DF\ CMI K[P

lJnFYL" 5MTFGL 1FDTF 5|DF6[ 5|UlT SZL XS[ K[P

lJnFYL"VMGF jIlSUT TOFJTM 5MQFFI K[P

JW] lJnFYL"VMG[ G[8JS" FZF lX1F6 VF5L XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VM ;D1F Virtual Reality ZH] SZL XSFI K[P

SM.56 ;DI[ lJnFYL" 5]GZFJT"G SZL XS[ K[P

VwIIG ;FDU|L ,F\AF ;DI ;]WL ;FRJL XSFI K[P

VwIIG ;FDU|LDF\ ;C[,F.YL ;]WFZF JWFZF SZL XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VM ;D1F lJ:T'T DFlCTL ZH} SZL XSFI K[P

VFSQF"S lR+M4 R,lR+M4 VFS'lT4 ;\ULT VG[ V[lGD[XGGF

p5IMU FZF lJQFIJ:T]GL VFSQF"S ZH]VFT SZL XSFI K[P

SM.56 5FlZEFlQFS XaNMGL H~Z H6FI tIFZ[ lJnFYL"G[

CFY 5Z l,\S FZF DFlCTL VF5L XSFI K[P

VwIIG ;FDU|LGL SM5LVM GHLJF BR[" 5|F%T SZL XSFI K[P

lX1FSGL jIJ;FlIS ;HHTFDF\ JWFZM SZL XSFI K[P


40

v CAI GF U[ZOFINFVM

lJnFYL" VG[ lX1FS JrR[ VF\TZlS|IF YTL GYLP

lJnFYL"GF AWF H SF{X


41

3.

aiBis) vgDi[

Virtual Classroom


42

"Virtual Classroom is an information Technology

Based system where a live teaching learning

process is carried out by connecting the students,

teachers and educationalists, who are

geographically present at one place or at different

places, with one another. "

cc EF{UMl,S ZLT[ V[S H :Y/[ S[ lJlJW :Y/[ p5l:YT

lJnFYL"VMGF ;D}CG[ lX1FS VG[ lX1F6XF:+LVM ;FY[ 5Z:5Z

;F\S/T\] DFlCTL TSlGSL VFWFlZT T \+ S[ HIF\ DC]DFUL" HLJ\T

VF\TZlS|IF FZF VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IF SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 T[G[

VFEF;L JU"B\0 SCL XSFIPcc

J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5GGF 5|SFZM

v J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5GGF D]bItJ[ A[ 5|SFZM K[P

lX1FS S[gL J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G ( Teacher Centered

WBI )

lX1FS S[gL lX1FS JU"B\0DF\ H lJlJW J[A ;F.8 Sd%I}8Z

5Z BM,M VYJF JU"B\0DF\ HTF 5C[,F HFT[ lJlJW J[A ;F.8GL H[

T[ lJQFIG[ ,UTL DFlCTL E[UL SZL T[G[ GJF :J~5[ Sd%I}8ZDF\


43

NFB, SZL lJnFYL"VM ;D1F ZH} SZ[4 VG[ lJnFYL"VG[ NZ[S D]N'FGL

;DH VF5TM HFIP lJnFYL" T[GM VY" U|C6 SZ[ VF VwIF5G

5|lS|IF V[SDFUL" AGL ZC[ K[P

lJnFYL" S[gL J[A VFWFlZT VwIF5G ( Student Centered

WBI)o

VF 5|lS|IFDF\ lX1FSGL E}lDSF DFU"NX"S S[ ;CFIS TZLS[ ZC[

K[P lX1FS lJnFYL"G[ 5MTFGL CFHZLDF\ lJlJW J[A;F.8 BM,JFDF\

VG[ T[DF\YL DFlCTL D[/JJFDF\ DNN SZ[ K[ lJnFYL"VM lJlJW

DFlCTLVMGM VeIF; SZ[ K[P VG[ DFlCTLG[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ S[ l5|g8

FZF GJF :J~5DF\ ;\U|lCT SZ[ K[P lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFVMF

pS[,DF\ lX1FS DNN~5 AG[ K[ HIFZ[ lX1FSGL U[ZCFHZLDF\ p5Z

D]HAG\] SFI" lJnFYL" HFT[ SZ[ tIFZ[ T[ Sd%I]8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG

AGL ZC[ K[P

G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0GF 5|SFZM

v G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 ( Network Based

Virtual Class-room: NBVC )GF 5|SFZM D]bItJ[ 5F\R K[ H[

GLR[ D]HA K[P


44

s!f ,MS, V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 (LAN

Based Virtual Class room : LAN BVC )o

LAN s,[Gf GM p5IMU SZL ;LlDT lJ:TFZ V[8,[ S[ V[S H

;\S], S[ DSFGDF\GF lJnFYL"VM G[ lX1FSMG[ HM0L XSFI K[P HM

LAN G[ WWW ;FY[ HM0L ;LlDT lJ:TFZGL DIF"NF N}Z

SZL XSFI K[P

sZf JF.0 V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 ( Wide

Area Net Work Based Virtual Class- room :

WAN-BVC) o

ZFHIjIF5L4 N[X jIF5L S[ lJ`JjIF5L lX1FSM VG[

lJnFYL"VMG[ J0[ ;F\S/L XSFI K[ VF G[8JS"DF\ HM0FI[,F

,MSM H EFU ,. XS[ K[P

s#f .g8ZG[8 VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 s Internet Based

Virtual Class Room : IBVCfo

VF 5|SFZGF\ JU"B\0DF\ lJ`JDF\ SM>56 B]6[ ZC[,F

lJnFYL"VM S[ lX1FSG[ ;F\S/L XSFI K[P

s$f ;[8[,F.8 V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0( SAN

Based Virtual Class room :SAN-BVC ) :


45

VF 5|SFZGF\ VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ S'l+D p5U|CM FZF VFJZL

,[JFDF\ VFJ[, lJ:TFZMGF lJnFYL"VM T[DH lX1FSG[ ;F\S/L XSFI

K[P

s5f D[8=M5Ml,8G V[lZIF G[8JS" VFWFlZT VFEF;L JU"B\0 o s

MAN Based Virtual Class-room : MAN-BVC )o

RMSS; DCFGUZMG[ VFJZL ,[TF lJ:TFZGF lX1FSM S[

lJnFYL"VMG[ VF 5|SFZGF VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ ;F\S/L XSFI K[P

VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ TSlGSL

v VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ D]bItJ[ GLR[ D]HAGL TSlGSLVMGM

p5IMU YFI K[P

s!f J[A VFWFlZT JFTF",F5 (Web Based chatting :

WBC )

sZf J[A VFWFlZT lJl0IM SMgOZg;L\U ( Web Based Video

Conferencing : WBVC )

s#f J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U( Web Based Audio

Conferencing : WBAC )


46

k[Tlik pdi[n) ApOTti

sV[f J[A VFWFlZT JFTF",F5 ( WBC )

sALf J[A VFWFlZT lJl0IM SMgOZg;L\U(WBVC)

s;Lf J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U(WBAC)

v sV[f J[A VFWFlZT JFTF",F5 ( Web Based Chatting :

WBC ) o

.g8ZG[8 FZF ,[lBT DFlCTLGF VFNFG v 5|NFG SZJFGL lS|IF

V[8,[ R[l8\UP H[ Sd%I}8Z G[8JS"GL ;F{YL ;:TL VG[ h05L ;\N[XF

jIJCFZGL ;[JF K[P .g8ZG[8 FZF ;\N[XM DMS,GFZ VG[ D[/JGFZ

V[SALHFGM ;\5S" WZFJ[ K[P ;FD[JF/L jIlST ;\N[X JF\RLG[ TZT H

;FD[ OZL ;\N[XM 5F9J[ K[ 5|YD jIlST T[ ;\N[X JF\RL OZLYL 5MTFGM

;\N[X ;FD[GL jIlSTG[ DMS,FJ[ K[P VFD4 ;\N[XFGL VF5 v ,[ AG[

jIlST .rK[ T[8,M ;DI RF,] ZFBL XSFI K[P 36LJFZ V[S ;ZBF

JWFZ[ jIlSTVM V[S ;FY[ ;\N[XFGL VF5v,[ SZL XS[ K[P NZ[S jIlST

5Z:5Z V[S ALHFGM ;\N[X JF\RL XS[ K[ VG[ 5|lT;\N[X VF5JF DF8[

:JT\+ CMI K[P

VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ VwIF5G v VwIIG 5|lS|IFDF\ GM

p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P H[DF\ lX1FS S[gLI :YFG WZFJ[ K[P HIFZ[

lX1FS lJnFYL" JrR[ RRF" RF,TL CMI tIFZ[ +FlCT jIlST .g8ZG[8


47

FZF RRF"DF\ HM0F. XS[ K[P H[ VFGM ;F{YL DM8M U[ZOFINM K[P

SMdI]lG8L ~D T{IFZ SZL OST 5;\NULGL jIlSTVMG[ 5|J[X VF5L

p5ZGL DIF"NF N}Z SZL XSFI K[P lX1FS ,[lBT DFlCTL Sd%I]8Z 5Z

T{IFZ SZL lJnFYL"VMG[ 5CM\RF0[ K[P lJnFYL"VM T[DGF 5|` GM ,[lBT

:J~5DF\ lX1FSG[ DMS,[ K[P H[GM pZ lX1FS ,[lBT :J~5DF\ VF5[

K[P VFD4 VF 5|lS|IF AC]DFUL" AG[ K[P

v sALf J[A VFWFlZT lJl0IM SMgOZg;L\U (Web Based

Video Conferencing : WBAC)

lJlJW :Y/[ VFJ[, jIlSTVMG[ V[S ALHFG[ ;F\E/JF VG[

HMJFGL ;UJ0 5}ZL 5F0TL TSlGSL V[8,[ lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\UP VF

p5ZF\T VFGF J0[ Sd%I]8Z VFWFlZT .g8ZG[8 5[H 5]:TS ;}lR4

N:TFJ[H4 U\|YF,I S[ ;MO8J[ZGL 56 VF5v,[ Y. XS[ K[P

Video conferrencing allows two or more

people at different locations to see and hear one

another at the same time. In addition, it is often

possible to share computer application such as

library, Internet pages, catalogs, documents or

software.


48

WBVC FZF lX1F6 v 5|lX1F6 SFI" JBT[ lX1FS S[ lJQFI

lGQ6F\T SM. V[S :Y/[YL lJl0IM FZF lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH]VFT SZ[ K[

H[GM VeIF; lJnFYL" 3ZDF\ S[ T[GF VeIF;S[gDF\ A[;LG[ SZL XS[

K[P NZ[S :Y/[ J[A S[D[ZF Sd%I]8Z ;FY[ HM0FI[,F CMJFYL NZ[S

jIlST V[SALHFG[ HM. TYF ;F\E/L XS[ K[P H~Z H6FI tIF\

lJnFYL" 5MTFGL ;D:IF ZH] SZ[ K[P H[GM pS[, D]bI S[gDF\ ZC[,

lX1FS S[ lJQFI lGQ6F\T VF5[ K[PlJl0IM SMgOZg;DF\ HM0FI[,F

VgI lJnFYL"VM 56 RRF"DF\ EFU ,. XS[ K[P

v s;Lf J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U (Web Based

Audio Conferencing :WBAC) VMl0IM

SMgOZg;L\UDF\ NZ[S jIlST V[SALHFG[ HM. XSTL GYL 56 OST

;F\E/L H XS[ K[ H[GL jIFbIF GLR[ D]HA VF5L XSFI K[P

cc lJlJW :Y/MV[ p5l:YT S[ T[YL JW] jIlSTVM ;FY[ JFT

SZJFGL ;UJ0 VF5TL TSlGSL V[8,[ VMl0IM SMgOZg;L \UP cc

" Audio Conferencing allows you to speak to

two or more persons at different locations.

jIFbIF 5ZYL :5Q8 YFI K[ S[4 lJlJW :Y/MV[ VFJ[,

jIlSTVM V[S H ;DI V[S ALHF ;FY[ VMl0IM SMgOZg;LU FZF

JFTF",F5 SZL XS[ K[ CJ[ .g8ZG[8 8[l,OMG FZF ;\N[XF jIJCFZ


49

h05L TYF ;:TM AgIM K[4 DF8[ VFEF;L JU"B\0DF\ J[A VFWFlZT

VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UGM p5IMU ;Z/TFYL SZL XSFI K[P VFHSF,

J[A VFWFlZT VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UDF\ cJM.; VMJZ .g8ZG[8

5|M8MSM, sVoice over Internet Protocol fGM p5IMU

YFI K[P H[ IP 5[S[8; FZF VJFHG[ V[S :Y/[YL ALHF :Y/[

DMS,[ K[P H[GF DF8[ V[GF,MUG\] l0lh8, VG[ l0hL8,G\] V[GF,MU

SgJ8"ZGM p5IMU YFI K[ WBAC DF\ ;\S/FI[, NZ[S jIlST

5MTFGF DF.S|MOMG FZF 5MTFGL JFT ZH] SZ[ K[P VG[ VgI

jIlSTVM :5LSZ FZF JFT ;F\E/[ K[P

SMdI]lG8L ~D FZF R[l8\UGL ,F1Fl6STFVM VG[ liBi[

v SMdI]lG8L ~D FZF R[l8\UGL ,F1Fl6STFVM o

B}A H h05YL ;\N[XF jIJCFZ Y. XS[ K[P

AC]DFUL" 5|lS|IF K[P

NZ[S VwI[TFGM 5Z:5Z VG[ lX1FS ;FY[ ;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZC[ K[P

IMuI 5;\NULGL jIlST H VF SFI"DF\ HM0FI K[P

v SMdI]lG8L ~D FZF R[l8\UGL OFINFVM o

JFTF",F5GM ;\U|C SZL XSFI K[ VG[ T[GL l5|g8 D[/JL XSFI

K[P


50

lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFGM TFtSFl,S pS[, D/[ K[

h05L 5|lS|IF K[P

Sd%I}8Z VG[ .g8ZG[8 HM0F6 l;JFI ALHF V[S 56

CF0"J[ZGL H~Z 50TL GYLP

lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\U DF8[GF VFJxIS ;FWGMGF

v Sd%I}8Z v J[A S[D[ZF

v DF.S|MOMG v VF.PV[;P 0LP V[GP

v D


51

lGQ6F\T jIlST 5F;[YL ;LW\] H 7FG D[/JL XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VM lJ`JGF SM.56 lJnFYL"VM ;FY[ ;\5S"DF\ VFJL

XS[P

VF ;Z/ VG[ ;:TL TSlGSL K[P

HIFZ[ SM. SFI" :Y/ S[ jIlST S[ :Y/GL ~A~ D],FSFT XSI

GF CMI tIFZ[ VF 8[SGM,MHL p5IMUL K[P H[YL lJnFYL"

lJlXQ8 lX1FSMGM ,FE D[/JL XS[ K[P

lX1FS VG[ lJnFYL" V[SALHF ;FY[ VFNX" ;\A\W EM SZL XS[

K[P

v lJ0LIM SMgOZg;LUGL DIF"NFVM IF U[Z,FE o

V[S ;FY[ 36L AWL jIlSTVM AM,[ TM 3M\3F8G\] JFTFJZ6

;HF"I K[P

JT"DFG 5lZl:YlTDF\ BRF"/ ;FlAT Y. XS[ K[P

VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UGF OFINF VG[ DIF"NFVM

SMgOZg;L\UGF OFINF

lJnFYL"VMG[ lGQ6F\T lX1FSMGF 7FGGM ,FE D/[ K[P

AC]DFUL" ;\N[XFjIJCFZ CMJFYL NZ[S jIlST V[SALHFGL JFTM

;F\E/L XS[ K[P


52

;DU| lJ`JGF SM.56 B}6[YL T[DF\ ;FD[, Y. XSFI K[P

;DIGM ARFJ YFI K[P

lJ0LIM SMgOZg;L\U SZTF\ 56 ;:TL 8[SGM,MHL K[P

lJnFYL"VMGL ;D:IFGM TFtSFl,S pS[, D/[ K[P

N[X v lJN[XGF lJnFYL"VM ;FY[ VFtDLITF A\WFI K[P

H]NL H]NL 5lZl:YlTDF\ ZC[TF lJnFYL" VG[ lX1FSM V[SALHFGF

5lZRIDF\ VFJ[ K[P

v VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\UGL DIF"NFVM

OST zFjI 8[SGM,MHL CMJFYL lR+M RF8"4 R,lR+M ZH] SZL

XSFTF\ GYLP

V[S SZTF\ JW] jIlSTVMV[S ;FY[ AM,JF ,FU[ TM 3M\3F8

YJFGL XSITF ZC[ K[P

5|6F,LUT VwIIG 5lT SZTF\ VMl0IM SMgOZg;L\U BRF"/

K[P

lX1FS VG[ lJnFYL" V[SALHFG[ HM. XSTF GYL T[YL

DGMEFJM HF6L XSFTF GYLP


53

4.

SiLimi>

mi(ht) tk`(nk)ni[

upyi[g


54

XF/F 5]:TSF,IDF\ VF.P 0LP GM p5IMU

5]:TSMGF lC;FAM ZFBJF DF8[P

5]:TSMGL IFNL T{IFZ SZJF DF8[P

GJF 5|SFlXT 5]:TSMGL DFlCTL J[A;F.8 5ZYL D[/JL XSFI

K[P

JF\RSMGL IFNL ZFBJF DF8[P

Sd%I}8Z FZF ,[BS4 5|SFXS4 lJQFI S[ S|DGF VFWFZ[ h05YL

5]:TSM XMWL XSFI K[P

5]:TSM BZLNJF DF8[GF VM0"Z VF5L XSFI K[P

V5|F%I 5]:TSMGL DFlCTL :S|[G SZL T[GF ,BF6G[ ,F\AF ;DI

;]WL Sd%I]8ZDF\ ;\U|FCLT SZL XSFI K[P

Sd%I}8Z G[8JS"GL jIJ:YF CMI TM Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|CLT 5]:TSM

V[S ;FY[ VG[S JF\RSM JF\RL XS[ K[P

Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;\U|CLT 5]:TSMDF\YL H~ZL 5FGFGL l5|g8

TFtSFl,S D[/JL XSFI K[P

lJ`JEZGF U\|YF,IM ;FY[ ;TT ;\5S"DF\ ZCL XSFI K[P

U\|YF,IDF\ U\|Y D[/J6L J[/FV[ p5IMULP


55

XF/F JCLJ8DF\ VF.P 8LP GM p5IMU

lJnFYL"VM T[DGF 5|J[X OMD" .vD[., S[ XF/FGL J[A ;F.8

FZF EZL XS[ T[JL jIJ:YF VF.P 8LP FZF UM9JF. XS[ K[P

lJnFYL"GF 5lZ6FDG\] lJ`,[QF6 SZLG[ GLlTlJQFIS lG6"IM

TFlSN[ ,. XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VMGF 5lZ6FDM .g8ZG[8 FZF 5|l; SZL XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VMGF 5lZ6FD5+S T{IFZ SZL XSFI K[P

;DI5+S T{IFZ SZL XSFI K[P

5|` G5+M KF5L XSFI K[P

XF/FG[ ,UTF\ lJlJW VFIMHG T{IFZ SZL XSFIP

lJnFYL"VM VG[ lX1FSMGL H~ZL V\UT DFlCTL Sd%I}8ZDF\

NFB, SZL XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VMGF JF,LVM .g8ZG[8 FZF XF/F ;FY[ ;TT

;\5S"DF\ ZCL XS[ K[P

lJlJW ;ZSFZL SR[ZLVM VG[ XF/FVM TYF lJQFI lGQ6F\TM

;FY[ ;Z/TFYL ;\5S" ;FWL XSFI K[P

lJnFYL"VMG]\ 5|UlT5+S AGFJL JF,LVMG[ DMS,L XSFI K[P

XF/FGF SD"RFZL U6G\] 5UFZ 5+S AGFJL XSFI K[P


56

XF/F A[\S ;FY[GF jIJCFZM VF.P 8LP FZF SZL XSFI K[P

XF/FGF NZ[S Z[SM0"G[ VMKL HuIFDF\ ;Z/TFYL ;FRJL XSFI

K[P

0[0:8MSGL GM\W ZFBL XSFI K[P

XF/FGF VFJS v HFJSGF lC;FAM ZFBL XSFI K[P

VF.P 8LP GM XF/F ;\RF,GDF\ p5IMU

v JU"lX1F6 s Classroom Teachingf o

JU"lX1F6DF\ H]NF\ H]NF\ X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU SZLG[

lX1F6 VF5L XSFI K[P 36F\ V[JF\ ;MO8J[Z AHFZDF\ p5,aW K[ S[

H[ UdDT ;FY[ 7FG VF5[ K[ VF\TZlS|IFtDS sf ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU

SZLG[ lJnFYL"G[ JU"DF\ :JFwIFI SZJF DF8[ 56 5|[lZT SZL XSFI K[

AHFZDF\ CF,DF\ V[8,F\ X{1Fl6S ;MO8J[Z D/[ K[P H[GL B}A DM8L

IFNL AGFJL XSFIPH]NF H]NF lJQFIMG[ ,UTF V;\bI ;MO8J[ZDF\YL

IMuI ;MO8J[Z 5;\N SZLG[ JU"lX1F6DF\ X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[

Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P

VF p5ZF\T lX1FSM HFT[ 56 5FJZ 5M.g8 H[JF ;MO8J[ZGM

p5IMU SZLG[ D


57

.g8ZG[8GM p5IMU SZLG[ lJnFYL"VMGL SM. lJQFIG[ ,UTL

lJ:T'T DFlCTL VF5L XSFI K[P

DGMJ{7FlGS l;F\TMG[ VFWFZ[ V[8,\] TM RMSS; K[ H S[

;F\E/JF SZTF HMJFYL lJnFYL" JW] XLB[ K[ VG[ HM HFT[ H

X{1Fl6S VG]EJM D[/J[ TM T[6[ D[/J[,\] 7FG B}A H V;ZSFZS

CMI K[ Sd%I]8Z FZF lX1F6 VF5JFGL DGM lJ7FGGF VF l;F\TMGM

5]Z[5]ZM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P

v 5]:TSF,I sLibrary f o

XF/F 5]:TSF,IDF\ VF.P 0LP GM B]A H ;FZM p5IMU SZL

XSFI K[P lSIM:S GM p5IMU SZLG[ TM JF\RSMG[ B}A H DNN~5

Y. XSFI K[P 5]:TSF,IDF\ 5]:TSM lJX[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL H]NF H]NF

JUM"DF\ lJEFHLT SZLG[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ D}SL XSFI K[P H[GL JFRS

H~ZL 5]:TS ;Z/TFYL ;FWL XS[ K[P T[ p5ZF\T U\|Y5F,G[ 56

5]:TSGM ,[J0N[J0 VG[ VFJSHFJSGF lC;FAM ZFBJFDF\ Sd%I}8Z

DNN~5 Y. XS[ K[P .g8ZG[8 FZF GJF GJF 5]:TSMGL DFlCTL

D[/JG[ 5]:TSF,IG[ JW] ;D] AGFJJF DF8[ 5]:TSMGL BZLNL 56

SZL XSFI K[P H}GF VG[ V;\bI 5]:TSMGL GS, :S[GZ FZF ;LWL H

Sd%I}8ZDF\ NFB, SZLG[ VFJF 5]:TSMGF\ 7FG E\0FZG[ ;FRJL XSFI

K[P


58

HM SM. 5]:TS Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;[J SZ[, CMI VG[ XF/FDF\

G[8JS"GL ;]lJWF CMI TM V[S ;FY[ 36F\ lJnFYL"VM H]NF H]NF

Sd%I}8Z 5Z V[S H 5]:TSG\] JF\RG 56 SZL XS[ K[P

v ;\XMWG (Research )o

XF/F v SM,[HDF\ 36F\ lJQFIMDF\ ;\XMWG SFI" S[ 5|IMU 56

SZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF SFIM"DF\ 0[8F D[/JJFG\] T[G\] JUL"SZ64

5'YSSZ6 VG[ lJ`,[QF6 SZJFG\] B}A H H~ZL CMI K[ T[ p5ZF\T

RMSS; U6TZL SZLG[ 5lZ6FDM 56 D[/JJF 50[ K[ H[YL SM.

RMSS; TFZ6 5Z VFJL XSFIP VF AWF\ SFIM" SZJFDF\ Sd%I}8Z B}A

H DNN~5 Y. XS[ K[P ;\XMWG S[ 5|IMU NZdIFG D[/J[,L

DFlCTLG[ ;FRJJFDF\ 56 Sd%I}8Z DNN~5 Y. XS[ K[P

v 8I}8MlZI, sTutorialf o

lJnFYL"VMG[ lJX[QF DFU"NX"G VF5JF DF8[ lJlJW ;MO8J[ZGM

Sd%I}8Z FZF p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P JU"lX1F6 NZlDIFG H[

AFATMG[ VFJZL GF XSF. CMI T[ AFATM 5Z JW] 5|SFX GFBJF

DF8[ lJX[QF TF;DF\ VF.P 8LP GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P

v 5ZL1FF ( Examinations )

5ZL1FFDF\ 5|` G5+MGL ZRGF T[G[ KF5JF VG[ ;FRJJF DF8[

Sd%I}8Z B}A p5IMUL K[P lJlXQ8 ;MO8J[ZGM p5IMU SZLG[


59

Sd%I}8Z p5Z H lJnFYL"VMGL 5ZL1FF 56 Y. XSFI K[P H[YL

lJnFYL"VMG[ TFtSFl,S 5ZL6FD 56 VF5L XSFI K[P VGFtD,1FL

5|` GMG\] D]


60

k[Tlik T*>kixri[

some important abbreviation

CPU :- Central Processing Unit

RAM :- Random Access Memory

ROM :- Read Only Memory

BIOS :- basic input output system

CD ROM :- Compact Dist Read Only Memory

ENIAC :- Electronic Numerical Integrator

And Calculator

POP :- Post Office Protocol

POST :- Power On Self Test

DSL :- Digital Subscriber Line

UPS :- Uninterrupted Power Supply

LCD :- Liquid Crystal Display

FDD :- Floppy Disk Drive

CD :- Compact Disk

MS DOS :- Microsoft Disk Operating System

CLI :- Command Line Interface


61

WORM :- Write Once Read Manytime

OS :- Operating System

PC :- Personal Computer

CD-RW :- Compact Disk Re- Writable

MMX :- Multi Media Extension

ISDN :- Integrated Services Digital

Network

MHZ :- Mega Hertz

SMTP :- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

IC :- Integrated Circuit

BIT :- Binary Digit Bit

DRAM :- Dynamic RAM

KB :- Kilo Bytes(1000bytes)

MILNET :- Military Network

MB :- Mega Bytes

GB :- Giga Bytes

Hdd :- Hard Disk Drive

DPI :- Dot Per Inch

RPM :- Round Per Minute


62

IBM :- International Business Machine


And Calculator

VLSI :- Very Large Scale Integration

MIS :- Management information system

LAN :- Local Ared Network

DMP :- Dot Metric Printer

WAN :- Wide Area Network

ERNET :- Education Research Network

KBPS :- Kilo Bits Per Second

URL :- Uniform Resource Locator

IT :- Information Technology

MAN :- Metropolitical Area Network

BPS :- Bits Per Second

KB :- Kilo Bits

MODEM :- Mdoular Demodulation

WWW :- World Wide Web

MBPS :- Mega Bits Per Second


63

LOGO :- Logical Oriented Graphics

Oriented

DBMS :- Data Base Management System

FORTRAN :- Formula Translation

HTML :- Hyper Text Markup Language

OLE :- Object Linking And Embedding

GUI :- Graphical User Interface

GB :- Giga Bits

EIAS :- Extended Industrial Standard

Architecture

DBF :- Data Base File

SR :- Speech Recognition

REBMS :- Relational Deta Baise Management

System

CRTD :- Cathode Ray Tube Display

IP :- Internet Protocol

GIF :- Graphics Interface File

MU :- Memory Unit

DNS :- Domain Name System


64

RERAM :- Rambus Dram

MIME :- Multipurpose Internet Mail

Extension

HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

FTP :- File Transfer Protocol

MOSM :- Magnetic Optical Storage Medium

DOS :- Disk Operating System

MSM :- Magnetic Storage Medium

Windows XP :- Windows experience

ALU :- Arithmetic and Logical Unit

ARPA :- Advance Research Project

Agency

NSI :- Network Solution Incorporation

IRC :- Internet Relay Chat

Telnet :- Terminal Imulation Protocol

IANA :- Internet Assigned Numbers

Authority

GIAS :- Gateway Internet Access Service

VSNL :- Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited


65

IETF :- Internet Engineering Task Force

OSM :- Optical Storage MediumO

ASCII :- American Standard Code For

Information Interchange

OCR :- Optical Character Recognition :

OCR

FPM DRAM :- Fast Page Mode Dynamic

Random Access Memory

BCR :- Bar Code Reader

PROM :- Programmable Read Only Memory

CUP :- Control Unit Pro

DVD :- Digital Video Disk / Digital

Versatile Disk

EPROM :- Erasable Programmable Read Only

Memory

DSHD :- Double Side Hidensity

COBOL :- Common Business Oriented Language

CCD :- Change Couple Device CCD

UPC :- Universal Product Code


66

EAROM :- Electricity Alterable Read Only

Memory

CODEC :- Compression Decompression

MPC :- Micro Processor Chips

ISP :- Internet Service Provider

EBCDIC :- Extended Binary Coded Decimal

Interchange Code

SDRAM :- Synchronous Dynamic Read Only

Memory

USB :- Universal Serial Bus

ISA :- Industrial Standard Architecture

TCP :-Transmission Control Protocol

CU :- Control Unit

tb :- tera bits

TB :- Tera bytes (1000 GB)

mb :- mega bits

EDODRAM :- Extended data Out DRAM

DTP :- Desk Top Publishing

IRTF :- Internet Research Task Force


67

IMAP :- Internet Message Access Protocol

ICANN :- Internet Corporation for Assigned

Name and Numbers

DSSD :- Double Side Single Density

NIC :- Network Information Center

DSDD :- Double Side Double Density

MT :- Multi Tasking

MT :- Multi Threading

DARPANET :- Defence Advance Research

Project Agency Network

NSFNET :- National Science Federation

Network

E-MAIL :- Electronic Mail

TP :- Twisted Pair

DARPANET :- Defence Advance Research Project

Agency Network

BASIC :-Beginners All purpose Symbolic

Information Code

BEDO DRAM :-Burst EDO dram



68

INTERNET :- Inter Connected Network

MICR :- Magnetic Ink Character Reader

MIDI :- Musical Instrument Digital

Interface


Network

PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect

PPP :- Point to Point Protocol

SAN :- Satellite Area Network

SLIP :- Serial Line Internet Protocol

SCSI :- Scuz-e

SSDD :- Straight Side Double Dencity


SSSD :- Solid State Storage Medium

VDU :- Visual Display Unit


SRAM :- Static RAM

some important abbreviation

CPU :- Central Processing Unit


69

RAM :- Random Access Memory

ROM :- Read Only Memory

BIOS :- basic input output system

CD ROM :- Compact Dist Read Only Memory


And Calculator

POP :- Post Office Protocol

POST :- Power On Self Test

DSL :- Digital Subscriber Line

UPS :- Uninterrupted Power Supply

LCD :- Liquid Crystal Display

FDD :- Floppy Disk Drive

CD :- Compact Disk

MS DOS :- Microsoft Disk Operating System

CLI :- Command Line Interface

WORM :- Write Once Read Manytime

OS :- Operating System

PC :- Personal Computer

CD-RW :- Compact Disk Re- Writable


70

MMX :- Multi Media Extension

ISDN :- Integrated Services Digital

Network

MHZ :- Mega Hertz

SMTP :- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

IC :- Integrated Circuit

BIT :- Binary Digit Bit

DRAM :- Dynamic RAM

KB :- Kilo Bytes(1000bytes)

MILNET :- Military Network

MB :- Mega Bytes

GB :- Giga Bytes

Hdd :- Hard Disk Drive

DPI :- Dot Per Inch

RPM :- Round Per Minute

IBM :- International Business Machine


And Calculator

VLSI :- Very Large Scale Integration


71

MIS :- Management information system

LAN :- Local Ared Network

DMP :- Dot Metric Printer


ERNET :- Education Research Network

KBPS :- Kilo Bits Per Second

URL :- Uniform Resource Locator

IT :- Information Technology

MAN :- Metropolitical Area Network

BPS :- Bits Per Second

KB :- Kilo Bits

MODEM :- Mdoular Demodulation

WWW :- World Wide Web

MBPS :- Mega Bits Per Second

LOGO :- Logical Oriented Graphics

Oriented

DBMS :- Data Base Management System


HTML :- Hyper Text Markup Language


72

OLE :- Object Linking And Embedding

GUI :- Graphical User Interface

GB :- Giga Bits

EIAS :- Extended Industrial Standard

Architecture

DBF :- Data Base File


REBMS :- Relational Deta Baise Management

System

CRTD :- Cathode Ray Tube Display

IP :- Internet Protocol

GIF :- Graphics Interface File

MU :- Memory Unit

DNS :- Domain Name System

RERAM :- Rambus Dram

MIME :- Multipurpose Internet Mail

Extension

HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

FTP :- File Transfer Protocol


73

MOSM :- Magnetic Optical Storage Medium

DOS :- Disk Operating System

MSM :- Magnetic Storage Medium

Windows XP :- Windows experience

ALU :- Arithmetic and Logical Unit

ARPA :- Advance Research Project

Agency

NSI :- Network Solution Incorporation

IRC :- Internet Relay Chat

Telnet :- Terminal Imulation Protocol

IANA :- Internet Assigned Numbers

Authority

GIAS :- Gateway Internet Access Service

VSNL :- Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited

IETF :- Internet Engineering Task Force

OSM :- Optical Storage MediumO

ASCII :- American Standard Code For

Information Interchange


74

OCR :- Optical Character Recognition :

OCR

FPM DRAM :- Fast Page Mode Dynamic

Random Access Memory

BCR :- Bar Code Reader

PROM :- Programmable Read Only Memory

CUP :- Control Unit Pro

DVD :- Digital Video Disk / Digital

Versatile Disk

EPROM :- Erasable Programmable Read Only

Memory

DSHD :- Double Side Hidensity

COBOL :- Common Business Oriented Language

CCD :- Change Couple Device CCD

UPC :- Universal Product Code

EAROM :- Electricity Alterable Read Only

Memory

CODEC :- Compression Decompression

MPC :- Micro Processor Chips

ISP :- Internet Service Provider


75

EBCDIC :- Extended Binary Coded Decimal

Interchange Code

SDRAM :- Synchronous Dynamic Read Only

Memory

USB :- Universal Serial Bus

ISA :- Industrial Standard Architecture

TCP :-Transmission Control Protocol

CU :- Control Unit

tb :- tera bits

TB :- Tera bytes (1000 GB)

mb :- mega bits

EDODRAM :- Extended data Out DRAM

DTP :- Desk Top Publishing

IRTF :- Internet Research Task Force

IMAP :- Internet Message Access Protocol

ICANN :- Internet Corporation for Assigned

Name and Numbers

DSSD :- Double Side Single Density

NIC :- Network Information Center


76

DSDD :- Double Side Double Density

MT :- Multi Tasking

MT :- Multi Threading

DARPANET:- Defence Advance Research

Project Agency Network


Network

E-MAIL :- Electronic Mail

TP :- Twisted Pair

DARPANET:- Defence Advance Research Project

Agency Network

BASIC :-Beginners All purpose Symbolic

Information Code

BEDO DRAM:-Burst EDO dram


INTERNET :- Inter Connected Network

MICR :- Magnetic Ink Character Reader

MIDI :- Musical Instrument Digital

Interface


77


Network

PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect

PPP :- Point to Point Protocol

SAN :- Satellite Area Network

SLIP :- Serial Line Internet Protocol

SCSI :- Scuz-e

SSDD :- Straight Side Double Dencity


SSSD :- Solid State Storage Medium

VDU :- Visual Display Unit


SRAM :- Static RAM


78

multimedia

[muhl-tee-mee-dee-uh, muhl-tahy-]

Examples

Word Origin

noun, ( used with a singular verb)

1. the combined use of several media, as sound and full-motion video in computer applications.

2. adjective

2. of, relating to, or involving the use of multimedia.

3. having or offering the use of various communications or

promotional media :

a multimedia corporation that owns TV stations and

newspapers. - (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/multimedia)

multimedia approach in education by dr j r sonwane

Documents

multimedia devices

interactive multimedia

multimedia application

multimedia approach

acdfwid multimedia

experience multimedia

sound text

vkpdyi ansir multimedia